CHEST WALL AND TMJ

128問 • 1年前

Kyla Rafols

通報

問題一覧

Thorax

thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum

Anterior border

sternum

Lateral border

ribs

Posterior border

thoracic vertebra

Superior border

jugular notch, first ribs, superior border of first costocartilages

Inferior border

xiphoid process, inferior portions of 11th and 12th rib, 12th thoracic vertebra

True ribs

1-7

False ribs

8-10

Floating ribs

11-12

Atypical ribs

1, 10, 11, 12

Typical ribs

2-9

Costal facet is found where?

transverse processes

Vertebrosternal ribs

true ribs

Vertebrochondral ribs

false ribs

Vertebral ribs

floating ribs

Articulation of manubriosternal joint

manubrium, body of sternum

Manubriosternal joint is also known as

angle of louis

Synchondrosis

manubriosternal, xiphisternal, costochondral, ribs 1,6,7 chondrosternal

Synovial

costovertebral, costotransverse, interchondral, ribs 2-5 chondrosternal

has fibrocartilaginous disc between the hyaline cartilage covered articulating ends

manubriosternal

Xiphisternal joint articulation

xiphoid process, inferior sternal body

Formed by the head of the rib, two adjacent vertebral bodies and the intervertebral disc

costovertebral

Supported by the radiate ligament that has 3 bands: superior, intermediate, inferior bands

costovertebral

Formed by the articulation of the costal tubercle of the rib with a costal facet on the transverse corresponding vertebra

costotransverse

Slightly concave costal facets on the transverse process of the vertebrae & slightly convex costal tubercles on the corresponding ribs

T1-T6 costotransverse

Both articular surfaces are flat and gliding motions predominate

T7-T10 costotransverse

T1-T6 costotransverse: Slightly convex costal facets on the transverse process of the vertebrae & slightly concave costal tubercles on the corresponding ribs

false

Articulation of the 1st through 10th ribs anterolaterally with the costal cartilages

costochondral

Have no ligamentous support

costochondral

Articulation of the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 7 anteriorly with sternum

chondrosternal

Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 each articulate with the cartilage immediately above them

interchondral

Supported by a capsule and ligaments

interchondral

Tend to become fibrous and fuse with age

interchondral, chondrosternal

_______ and ________ joints are mechanically linked, with a single axis of motion for ________ and ________

costovertebral, costotransverse, elevation, depression

Upper ribs

sagittal plane

Lower ribs

frontal plane

Ribs 11 & 12

frontal plane

Pass through the costovertebral joint only

ribs 11 and 12

Increase in A-P diameter of the thorax

pump handle

Pump handle motion

sagittal plane

Bucket handle motion

frontal plane

Elevation of the lower ribs is the increase in the transverse diameter of the lower thorax

bucket handle

PUMP

posterior-anterior, upper ribs, moves upward and downward during inhalation, protrudes sternum forward

BUCKET

bilateral, upper and lower lateral ribs, curves outward like a bucket handle, increasing side to side diameter, kicks out, expands chest laterally, tilts ribs outward during breathing

The rib cage _______ changes ________ in scoliosis

volume, asymmetrically

Scoliosis: Amount of ventilator dysfunction found in patients depends on

angle of deformity, length of deformity, region of deformity, amount of rotation, age at onset

Increased fatigue resistance wnd greater oxidative capacity

ventilatory muscles

Contract rhymthically throughout life

ventilatory muscles

Work primarily against the elastic properties of the lungs and airway resistance

ventilatory muscles

Neurological control is both voluntary and involuntary

ventilatory muscles

Actions of these muscles are life sustaining

ventilatory muscles

Easily fatigues and lesser oxidative capacity

other skeletal muscles

Episodically

other skeletal muscles

Work against gravitational forces

other skeletal muscles

Voluntary control

other skeletal muscles

Primary muscles of ventilation are those recruited for quiet ventilation

true

Primary muscles of ventilation

diaphragm, intercostals, scalene

Primary muscle of ventilation, 70-80% of inspiration force during quiet breathing

diaphragm

Functionally divided into dorsal and ventral segments

diaphragm

Fibers travel cephalad from their origin to insert into a central tendon

diaphragm

Arises from sternum and ribs

costal fibers

Arises from the vertebral bodies

crural fibers

Zone of apposition

crural fibers

Chronic hyperinflation of the lungs results in a resting position of the diaphragm that is lower in the thorax than is found in healthy people

COPD

Also intercostal muscles but are generally found only in the lower rib cage

subcostal muscles

Most anterior portion of the internal intercostal muscles; considered primary inspiratory muscle during quiet breathing

parasternal

Action lifts the first two ribs, and therefore the sternum, in the pump-handle motion of the upper rib cage

scalene

Stabilizes the rib cage

intercostals, scalene

Horseshoe-shaped bone that articulates with the temporal bone at each posterior superior end

TMJ

Produces two distinct but highly interdependent articulations

TMJ

Contains a disc that separates the joint into upper and lower articulations

TMJ

Coronoid process is located ______ to the mandibular condyle and serve as an attachment for the temporalis muscle

Largest facial bone and is highly mobile

mandible

Inferior TMJ joint type

simple hinge

Superior TMJ joint type

gliding joint

Articular disc of TMJ is

biconcave

Larger

superior TMJ

Function of articular disc of TMJ

increase stability, minimize loss of mobility, reduce friction, decrease biomechanical stress on TMJ

Disc is attached to the joint capsule posteriorly, as well as to the tendon of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Anteriorly, the disc is attached to a complex structure, collectively called the bilaminar retrodiscal pad

Both statements are false

Attached posteriorly to the tympanic plate (posterior mandibular fossa)

superior lamina

Comsist of elastic fibers that allow the superior band to stretch

superior lamina

Allows fhe disc to translate anteriorly along the articular eminence during mandibular depression

superior lamina

Elastic properties assist in repositioning the disc posteriorly during mandibular closing

superior lamina

Attached to the neck of the condyle and is inelastic

inferior lamina

Serves as a restrain on the disc

inferior lamina

Limits forward translation, but does not assist with repositioning the disc during mandibular closing

inferior lamina

Strong ligament composed of 2 parts, an outer oblique element and an inner horizontal element

temporomandibular ligament

Stabilize the lateral portion of the capsule; limit lateral displacement

temporomandibular ligament

Weakest of the 3 ligaments

stylomandibular ligament

Limits protrusion of the mandible

stylomandibular ligament

Strong ligament is the swinging hinge from which the mandible is suspended

sphenomandibular ligament

Protects the mandible from excessive anterior translation

sphenomandibular ligament

Limits downward and posterior motion of the mandible, limit rotation of the condyle during mandibular depression

outer oblique

Resist posterior motion of the condyle

inner horizontal

During rotation, the mandibular condyle spins relative to the ______ surface of the disc in the lower joint

inferior

Translation occurs in the _______ joint between the disc and the articular eminence

upper

Normal mandibular depression

40-50 mm

Mastication requires approximately

18 mm

Rolling during initial phase of mandibular depression

11 or 25 mm

100

Two knuckles placed between the upper and lower incisors is considered _____, while three knuckles is considered ______

functional, normal

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FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY-MCQ

ayrika · 89問 · 1ヶ月前

FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY-MCQ

TDM

TDM

TDM

TDM

TOXINS

TOXINS

TOXINS

TOXINS

DRUG OF ABUSE

DRUG OF ABUSE

DRUG OF ABUSE

DRUG OF ABUSE

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

OTHER GLANDS

OTHER GLANDS

OTHER GLANDS

OTHER GLANDS

ADRENAL GLAND

ADRENAL GLAND

THYROID GLAND

THYROID GLAND

THYROID GLAND

THYROID GLAND

問題一覧

Thorax

thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum

Anterior border

sternum

Lateral border

ribs

Posterior border

thoracic vertebra

Superior border

jugular notch, first ribs, superior border of first costocartilages

Inferior border

xiphoid process, inferior portions of 11th and 12th rib, 12th thoracic vertebra

True ribs

1-7

False ribs

8-10

Floating ribs

11-12

Atypical ribs

1, 10, 11, 12

Typical ribs

2-9

Costal facet is found where?

transverse processes

Vertebrosternal ribs

true ribs

Vertebrochondral ribs

false ribs

Vertebral ribs

floating ribs

Articulation of manubriosternal joint

manubrium, body of sternum

Manubriosternal joint is also known as

angle of louis

Synchondrosis

manubriosternal, xiphisternal, costochondral, ribs 1,6,7 chondrosternal

Synovial

costovertebral, costotransverse, interchondral, ribs 2-5 chondrosternal

has fibrocartilaginous disc between the hyaline cartilage covered articulating ends

manubriosternal

Xiphisternal joint articulation

xiphoid process, inferior sternal body

Formed by the head of the rib, two adjacent vertebral bodies and the intervertebral disc

costovertebral

Supported by the radiate ligament that has 3 bands: superior, intermediate, inferior bands

costovertebral

Formed by the articulation of the costal tubercle of the rib with a costal facet on the transverse corresponding vertebra

costotransverse

Slightly concave costal facets on the transverse process of the vertebrae & slightly convex costal tubercles on the corresponding ribs

T1-T6 costotransverse

Both articular surfaces are flat and gliding motions predominate

T7-T10 costotransverse

T1-T6 costotransverse: Slightly convex costal facets on the transverse process of the vertebrae & slightly concave costal tubercles on the corresponding ribs

false

Articulation of the 1st through 10th ribs anterolaterally with the costal cartilages

costochondral

Have no ligamentous support

costochondral

Articulation of the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 7 anteriorly with sternum

chondrosternal

Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 each articulate with the cartilage immediately above them

interchondral

Supported by a capsule and ligaments

interchondral

Tend to become fibrous and fuse with age

interchondral, chondrosternal

_______ and ________ joints are mechanically linked, with a single axis of motion for ________ and ________

costovertebral, costotransverse, elevation, depression

Upper ribs

sagittal plane

Lower ribs

frontal plane

Ribs 11 & 12

frontal plane

Pass through the costovertebral joint only

ribs 11 and 12

Increase in A-P diameter of the thorax

pump handle

Pump handle motion

sagittal plane

Bucket handle motion

frontal plane

Elevation of the lower ribs is the increase in the transverse diameter of the lower thorax

bucket handle

PUMP

posterior-anterior, upper ribs, moves upward and downward during inhalation, protrudes sternum forward

BUCKET

bilateral, upper and lower lateral ribs, curves outward like a bucket handle, increasing side to side diameter, kicks out, expands chest laterally, tilts ribs outward during breathing

The rib cage _______ changes ________ in scoliosis

volume, asymmetrically

Scoliosis: Amount of ventilator dysfunction found in patients depends on

angle of deformity, length of deformity, region of deformity, amount of rotation, age at onset

Increased fatigue resistance wnd greater oxidative capacity

ventilatory muscles

Contract rhymthically throughout life

ventilatory muscles

Work primarily against the elastic properties of the lungs and airway resistance

ventilatory muscles

Neurological control is both voluntary and involuntary

ventilatory muscles

Actions of these muscles are life sustaining

ventilatory muscles

Easily fatigues and lesser oxidative capacity

other skeletal muscles

Episodically

other skeletal muscles

Work against gravitational forces

other skeletal muscles

Voluntary control

other skeletal muscles

Primary muscles of ventilation are those recruited for quiet ventilation

true

Primary muscles of ventilation

diaphragm, intercostals, scalene

Primary muscle of ventilation, 70-80% of inspiration force during quiet breathing

diaphragm

Functionally divided into dorsal and ventral segments

diaphragm

Fibers travel cephalad from their origin to insert into a central tendon

diaphragm

Arises from sternum and ribs

costal fibers

Arises from the vertebral bodies

crural fibers

Zone of apposition

crural fibers

Chronic hyperinflation of the lungs results in a resting position of the diaphragm that is lower in the thorax than is found in healthy people

COPD

Also intercostal muscles but are generally found only in the lower rib cage

subcostal muscles

Most anterior portion of the internal intercostal muscles; considered primary inspiratory muscle during quiet breathing

parasternal

Action lifts the first two ribs, and therefore the sternum, in the pump-handle motion of the upper rib cage

scalene

Stabilizes the rib cage

intercostals, scalene

Horseshoe-shaped bone that articulates with the temporal bone at each posterior superior end

TMJ

Produces two distinct but highly interdependent articulations

TMJ

Contains a disc that separates the joint into upper and lower articulations

TMJ

Coronoid process is located ______ to the mandibular condyle and serve as an attachment for the temporalis muscle

Largest facial bone and is highly mobile

mandible

Inferior TMJ joint type

simple hinge

Superior TMJ joint type

gliding joint

Articular disc of TMJ is

biconcave

Larger

superior TMJ

Function of articular disc of TMJ

increase stability, minimize loss of mobility, reduce friction, decrease biomechanical stress on TMJ

Both statements are false

Attached posteriorly to the tympanic plate (posterior mandibular fossa)

superior lamina

Comsist of elastic fibers that allow the superior band to stretch

superior lamina

Allows fhe disc to translate anteriorly along the articular eminence during mandibular depression

superior lamina

Elastic properties assist in repositioning the disc posteriorly during mandibular closing

superior lamina

Attached to the neck of the condyle and is inelastic

inferior lamina

Serves as a restrain on the disc

inferior lamina

Limits forward translation, but does not assist with repositioning the disc during mandibular closing

inferior lamina

Strong ligament composed of 2 parts, an outer oblique element and an inner horizontal element

temporomandibular ligament

Stabilize the lateral portion of the capsule; limit lateral displacement

temporomandibular ligament

Weakest of the 3 ligaments

stylomandibular ligament

Limits protrusion of the mandible

stylomandibular ligament

Strong ligament is the swinging hinge from which the mandible is suspended

sphenomandibular ligament

Protects the mandible from excessive anterior translation

sphenomandibular ligament

Limits downward and posterior motion of the mandible, limit rotation of the condyle during mandibular depression

outer oblique

Resist posterior motion of the condyle

inner horizontal

During rotation, the mandibular condyle spins relative to the ______ surface of the disc in the lower joint

inferior

Translation occurs in the _______ joint between the disc and the articular eminence

upper

Normal mandibular depression

40-50 mm

Mastication requires approximately

18 mm

Rolling during initial phase of mandibular depression

11 or 25 mm

100

Two knuckles placed between the upper and lower incisors is considered _____, while three knuckles is considered ______

functional, normal