Thorax

Anterior border

Lateral border

Posterior border

Superior border

Inferior border

True ribs

False ribs

Floating ribs

Atypical ribs

Typical ribs

Costal facet is found where?

Vertebrosternal ribs

Vertebrochondral ribs

Vertebral ribs

Articulation of manubriosternal joint

Manubriosternal joint is also known as

Synchondrosis

Synovial

has fibrocartilaginous disc between the hyaline cartilage covered articulating ends

Xiphisternal joint articulation

Formed by the head of the rib, two adjacent vertebral bodies and the intervertebral disc

Supported by the radiate ligament that has 3 bands: superior, intermediate, inferior bands

Formed by the articulation of the costal tubercle of the rib with a costal facet on the transverse corresponding vertebra

Slightly concave costal facets on the transverse process of the vertebrae & slightly convex costal tubercles on the corresponding ribs

Both articular surfaces are flat and gliding motions predominate

T1-T6 costotransverse: Slightly convex costal facets on the transverse process of the vertebrae & slightly concave costal tubercles on the corresponding ribs

Articulation of the 1st through 10th ribs anterolaterally with the costal cartilages

Have no ligamentous support

Articulation of the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 7 anteriorly with sternum

Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 each articulate with the cartilage immediately above them

Supported by a capsule and ligaments

Tend to become fibrous and fuse with age

_______ and ________ joints are mechanically linked, with a single axis of motion for ________ and ________

Upper ribs

Lower ribs

Ribs 11 & 12

Pass through the costovertebral joint only

Increase in A-P diameter of the thorax

Pump handle motion

Bucket handle motion

Elevation of the lower ribs is the increase in the transverse diameter of the lower thorax

PUMP

BUCKET

The rib cage _______ changes ________ in scoliosis

Scoliosis: Amount of ventilator dysfunction found in patients depends on

Increased fatigue resistance wnd greater oxidative capacity

Contract rhymthically throughout life

Work primarily against the elastic properties of the lungs and airway resistance

Neurological control is both voluntary and involuntary

Actions of these muscles are life sustaining

Easily fatigues and lesser oxidative capacity

Episodically

Work against gravitational forces

Voluntary control

Primary muscles of ventilation are those recruited for quiet ventilation

Primary muscles of ventilation

Primary muscle of ventilation, 70-80% of inspiration force during quiet breathing

Functionally divided into dorsal and ventral segments

Fibers travel cephalad from their origin to insert into a central tendon

Arises from sternum and ribs

Arises from the vertebral bodies

Zone of apposition

Chronic hyperinflation of the lungs results in a resting position of the diaphragm that is lower in the thorax than is found in healthy people

Also intercostal muscles but are generally found only in the lower rib cage

Most anterior portion of the internal intercostal muscles; considered primary inspiratory muscle during quiet breathing

Action lifts the first two ribs, and therefore the sternum, in the pump-handle motion of the upper rib cage

Stabilizes the rib cage

Horseshoe-shaped bone that articulates with the temporal bone at each posterior superior end

Produces two distinct but highly interdependent articulations

Contains a disc that separates the joint into upper and lower articulations

Coronoid process is located ______ to the mandibular condyle and serve as an attachment for the temporalis muscle

Largest facial bone and is highly mobile

Inferior TMJ joint type

Superior TMJ joint type

Articular disc of TMJ is

Larger

Function of articular disc of TMJ

Disc is attached to the joint capsule posteriorly, as well as to the tendon of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Anteriorly, the disc is attached to a complex structure, collectively called the bilaminar retrodiscal pad

Attached posteriorly to the tympanic plate (posterior mandibular fossa)

Comsist of elastic fibers that allow the superior band to stretch

Allows fhe disc to translate anteriorly along the articular eminence during mandibular depression

Elastic properties assist in repositioning the disc posteriorly during mandibular closing

Attached to the neck of the condyle and is inelastic

Serves as a restrain on the disc

Limits forward translation, but does not assist with repositioning the disc during mandibular closing

Strong ligament composed of 2 parts, an outer oblique element and an inner horizontal element

Stabilize the lateral portion of the capsule; limit lateral displacement

Weakest of the 3 ligaments

Limits protrusion of the mandible

Strong ligament is the swinging hinge from which the mandible is suspended

Protects the mandible from excessive anterior translation

Limits downward and posterior motion of the mandible, limit rotation of the condyle during mandibular depression

Resist posterior motion of the condyle

During rotation, the mandibular condyle spins relative to the ______ surface of the disc in the lower joint

Translation occurs in the _______ joint between the disc and the articular eminence

Normal mandibular depression

Mastication requires approximately

Rolling during initial phase of mandibular depression

Two knuckles placed between the upper and lower incisors is considered _____, while three knuckles is considered ______