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126問 • 1年前
  • Kyla Rafols
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Alignment and orientation of body segments to maintain equilibrium and stability

    posture

  • 2

    It encompasses static and dynamic postures, which interact with both internal and external forces

    posture

  • 3

    Understanding posture is essential for addressing altered postural control and funcitonal challenges, particularly in clinical settings

    true

  • 4

    Position or attitude of the body, the relative arrangement of body parts for a specific activity or a characteristic manner of bearing one’s body

    posture

  • 5

    Relative disposition of the body at any movement, is a composite of the posituon of the different joints of the body at that time

    posture

  • 6

    Positions of joints and body segments and also in terms of the balance between the muscles crossing the joints

    posture

  • 7

    Area bounded posteriorly by the tips of the heels and anteriorly by a line joining the tips of the toes is considerably smaller than the quadrupedal base

    bos

  • 8

    Places stress on the structures responsible for maintaining the body upright in posture

    gravity

  • 9

    For WB joint to be stable or in equilibrium,

    gravity line of mass must fall exactly through axis of rotation, there must be a force to counteract the force of gravity

  • 10

    Im the body, the counterforce is either

    muscle, inert structures

  • 11

    Upright posture usually involves a slight A-P swaying of the body of about _____, so the muscles are necessary to control the sway and maintain equilibrium

    4 cm

  • 12

    Inert structures that support the body

    ligaments, fascia, bones, joints

  • 13

    Dynamic structures that maintain the body in a posture or move it from one posture to another

    muscles, tendinous attachments

  • 14

    Defining human trait, offering both advantages and challenges

    erect bipedal stance

  • 15

    Where is COM located

    s2

  • 16

    Center of mass in children is lower

    false

  • 17

    Relies on passive structures like ligaments, reducing the need for constant muscle activity

    stability

  • 18

    Depends on the integration of sensory inputs, CNS and musculoskeletal components

    postural stability

  • 19

    Provides environmental and head position feedback

    visual

  • 20

    Detects head movement and spatial orientation via the inner ear

    vestibular

  • 21

    Offers feedback from joints, muscles and skin about body position and movement

    proprioceptive

  • 22

    CNS processes sensory inputs to generate appropriate postural adjustments

    central integration

  • 23

    Disruptions impair balance and coordination

    central integration

  • 24

    Visual system, vestibular system and proprioceptive system

    sensory inputs

  • 25

    Supplies the structural framework and strength for maintaining stability

    musculoskeletal system

  • 26

    Weakness, stiffness or deformities compromise postural control

    musculoskeletal system

  • 27

    Forces or movements that disrupt equilibrium, requiring corrective actions

    perturbation

  • 28

    BOS remains unchanged

    fixed support strategies

  • 29

    Ankle and hip strategies

    fixed support strategies

  • 30

    BOS changes

    change in support strategies

  • 31

    Stepping or grasping responses maintain COM over the BOS

    change in support strategies

  • 32

    Used for small perturbations

    ankle strat

  • 33

    Muscles activate distally to proximally

    ankle strat

  • 34

    Used for larger perturbations

    hip strat

  • 35

    Muscles activate proximally to distally

    hip strat

  • 36

    Fewer, larger corrective steps

    young individuals

  • 37

    Multiple smaller, cautious steps

    older individuals

  • 38

    Anterior hip strat response

    abdominals, quads, ta

  • 39

    Posterior hip strat response

    paraspinals, hamstrings, gastroc

  • 40

    Anterior ankle strat response

    ta, quads, abdominals

  • 41

    Posterior ankle strat response

    gastroc, hamstrings, paraspinals

  • 42

    Absent or altered inputs

    proprioceptive loss, visual deficits, vestibular dysfunction

  • 43

    Altered outputs

    muscle weakness, delayed reactions

  • 44

    Reduced feedback impairs balance

    proprioceptive loss

  • 45

    Hinder environmental awareness and head positioning

    visual deficits

  • 46

    Causes dizziness and disorientation

    vestibular dysfunction

  • 47

    Atrophy reduces stabilizing responses

    muscle weakness

  • 48

    Common in aging and neurological disorders, increasing fall risk

    delayed reactions

  • 49

    Predictive actions based on expected changes

    anticipatory

  • 50

    Compensatory actions in response to unexpected disturbances

    reactive

  • 51

    Breathing and neurological disorders

    clinical relevance

  • 52

    Causes minor COM shifts, countered by subtle muscular adjustments

    breathing

  • 53

    Impair anticipatory and reactive adjustments, increasing fall risk

    neurological disorders

  • 54

    Maintain head stability during dynamic activities like walking or transitioning from sitting to standing

    head stabilizing strategies

  • 55

    Crucial for visual focus, orientation and balance

    head stabilizing strategies

  • 56

    HSS

    head stabilization in space

  • 57

    HST

    head stabilization on trunk

  • 58

    Head adjusts independently of trunk motion to maintain stability

    hss

  • 59

    Anticipates body movements caused by shifts in the center of gravity

    hss

  • 60

    Head and trunk move as a single unit

    hst

  • 61

    Ensures coordination between head and trunk during movements like sudden directional changes

    hst

  • 62

    External forces

    inertia, gravity, grf

  • 63

    Resists changes in motion

    inertia

  • 64

    More significant in dynamic tasks than static posture

    inertia

  • 65

    Constant downward force acting on the body

    gravity

  • 66

    Point of reaction of grf

    cop

  • 67

    Rotates joint of LE; opposed by muscles, if not = gait deviations

    grf

  • 68

    Generated by muscles, ligaments, and other connective tissues to balance external forces

    internal forces

  • 69

    Stabilize jts and maintain posture

    internal forces

  • 70

    Natural oscillation in static standing

    postural sway

  • 71

    Reflects the body’s ability to adjust and maintain COG over the BOS

    postural sway

  • 72

    Sagittal plane

    ~12 deg, front to back sway

  • 73

    Frontal plane

    ~16 deg, side to side sway

  • 74

    Represents the total force appled by the ground on the body

    GRFV

  • 75

    Vertical line representing the direction of gravitational force

    line of gravity

  • 76

    In_____ posture, the LoG aligns with GRFV

    static

  • 77

    Supports BW

    vertical

  • 78

    Stabilizes side to side motion

    medial lateral

  • 79

    Stabilizes forward backward motion

    anteroposterior

  • 80

    Y axis

    vertical

  • 81

    X axis

    medial lateral

  • 82

    Z axis

    anteroposterior

  • 83

    Reflects the GRFV’s point of application, which shifts with posture and movement

    center of pressure

  • 84

    Alignment of body segments to minimize stress on jts, muscles and ligaments while efficiently countering gravitational forces

    optimal posture

  • 85

    LOG passes near jt axes, minimizing torque and energy expenditure

    optimal posture

  • 86

    Maintained by low level muscle activity and passive tension in ligaments and other connective tissue

    stability

  • 87

    Habitual poor posture leads to

    muscle imbalances, chronic strain and structural adaptations

  • 88

    Small deviations are normal but large ones increase strain on structures and energy demands

    true

  • 89

    Static posture

    Involves holding a fixed position, such as standing, sitting or lying down, relies on the balance of muscular and passive structures, standing in line, sitting at a desk

  • 90

    Dynamic posture

    involves movements where body segments continuously adjust, coordination between sensory, nervous and musculoskeletal systems ensure stability

  • 91

    LOG should pass through or near key landmarks

    lateral view

  • 92

    LOG divides the body into symmetrical halves

    AP view

  • 93

    LOG and COP shift with movement

    dynamic posture

  • 94

    Focuses on maintaining balance and recovering from perturbations during movement

    dynamic analysis

  • 95

    Result from LOG deviations from jt axes, creating torques

    external moments

  • 96

    Generated by muscle activity to counteract external moments and maintain stability

    internal moments

  • 97

    Ideal posture reduces snergy expenditure by minimizing gravitational moments

    energy efficiency

  • 98

    Faulty postures increase muscular effort leading to fatigue and potential injury

    energy efficiency

  • 99

    Atlanto-occipital jt

    anterior, flexion

  • 100

    Cervical

    posterior, extension

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Alignment and orientation of body segments to maintain equilibrium and stability

    posture

  • 2

    It encompasses static and dynamic postures, which interact with both internal and external forces

    posture

  • 3

    Understanding posture is essential for addressing altered postural control and funcitonal challenges, particularly in clinical settings

    true

  • 4

    Position or attitude of the body, the relative arrangement of body parts for a specific activity or a characteristic manner of bearing one’s body

    posture

  • 5

    Relative disposition of the body at any movement, is a composite of the posituon of the different joints of the body at that time

    posture

  • 6

    Positions of joints and body segments and also in terms of the balance between the muscles crossing the joints

    posture

  • 7

    Area bounded posteriorly by the tips of the heels and anteriorly by a line joining the tips of the toes is considerably smaller than the quadrupedal base

    bos

  • 8

    Places stress on the structures responsible for maintaining the body upright in posture

    gravity

  • 9

    For WB joint to be stable or in equilibrium,

    gravity line of mass must fall exactly through axis of rotation, there must be a force to counteract the force of gravity

  • 10

    Im the body, the counterforce is either

    muscle, inert structures

  • 11

    Upright posture usually involves a slight A-P swaying of the body of about _____, so the muscles are necessary to control the sway and maintain equilibrium

    4 cm

  • 12

    Inert structures that support the body

    ligaments, fascia, bones, joints

  • 13

    Dynamic structures that maintain the body in a posture or move it from one posture to another

    muscles, tendinous attachments

  • 14

    Defining human trait, offering both advantages and challenges

    erect bipedal stance

  • 15

    Where is COM located

    s2

  • 16

    Center of mass in children is lower

    false

  • 17

    Relies on passive structures like ligaments, reducing the need for constant muscle activity

    stability

  • 18

    Depends on the integration of sensory inputs, CNS and musculoskeletal components

    postural stability

  • 19

    Provides environmental and head position feedback

    visual

  • 20

    Detects head movement and spatial orientation via the inner ear

    vestibular

  • 21

    Offers feedback from joints, muscles and skin about body position and movement

    proprioceptive

  • 22

    CNS processes sensory inputs to generate appropriate postural adjustments

    central integration

  • 23

    Disruptions impair balance and coordination

    central integration

  • 24

    Visual system, vestibular system and proprioceptive system

    sensory inputs

  • 25

    Supplies the structural framework and strength for maintaining stability

    musculoskeletal system

  • 26

    Weakness, stiffness or deformities compromise postural control

    musculoskeletal system

  • 27

    Forces or movements that disrupt equilibrium, requiring corrective actions

    perturbation

  • 28

    BOS remains unchanged

    fixed support strategies

  • 29

    Ankle and hip strategies

    fixed support strategies

  • 30

    BOS changes

    change in support strategies

  • 31

    Stepping or grasping responses maintain COM over the BOS

    change in support strategies

  • 32

    Used for small perturbations

    ankle strat

  • 33

    Muscles activate distally to proximally

    ankle strat

  • 34

    Used for larger perturbations

    hip strat

  • 35

    Muscles activate proximally to distally

    hip strat

  • 36

    Fewer, larger corrective steps

    young individuals

  • 37

    Multiple smaller, cautious steps

    older individuals

  • 38

    Anterior hip strat response

    abdominals, quads, ta

  • 39

    Posterior hip strat response

    paraspinals, hamstrings, gastroc

  • 40

    Anterior ankle strat response

    ta, quads, abdominals

  • 41

    Posterior ankle strat response

    gastroc, hamstrings, paraspinals

  • 42

    Absent or altered inputs

    proprioceptive loss, visual deficits, vestibular dysfunction

  • 43

    Altered outputs

    muscle weakness, delayed reactions

  • 44

    Reduced feedback impairs balance

    proprioceptive loss

  • 45

    Hinder environmental awareness and head positioning

    visual deficits

  • 46

    Causes dizziness and disorientation

    vestibular dysfunction

  • 47

    Atrophy reduces stabilizing responses

    muscle weakness

  • 48

    Common in aging and neurological disorders, increasing fall risk

    delayed reactions

  • 49

    Predictive actions based on expected changes

    anticipatory

  • 50

    Compensatory actions in response to unexpected disturbances

    reactive

  • 51

    Breathing and neurological disorders

    clinical relevance

  • 52

    Causes minor COM shifts, countered by subtle muscular adjustments

    breathing

  • 53

    Impair anticipatory and reactive adjustments, increasing fall risk

    neurological disorders

  • 54

    Maintain head stability during dynamic activities like walking or transitioning from sitting to standing

    head stabilizing strategies

  • 55

    Crucial for visual focus, orientation and balance

    head stabilizing strategies

  • 56

    HSS

    head stabilization in space

  • 57

    HST

    head stabilization on trunk

  • 58

    Head adjusts independently of trunk motion to maintain stability

    hss

  • 59

    Anticipates body movements caused by shifts in the center of gravity

    hss

  • 60

    Head and trunk move as a single unit

    hst

  • 61

    Ensures coordination between head and trunk during movements like sudden directional changes

    hst

  • 62

    External forces

    inertia, gravity, grf

  • 63

    Resists changes in motion

    inertia

  • 64

    More significant in dynamic tasks than static posture

    inertia

  • 65

    Constant downward force acting on the body

    gravity

  • 66

    Point of reaction of grf

    cop

  • 67

    Rotates joint of LE; opposed by muscles, if not = gait deviations

    grf

  • 68

    Generated by muscles, ligaments, and other connective tissues to balance external forces

    internal forces

  • 69

    Stabilize jts and maintain posture

    internal forces

  • 70

    Natural oscillation in static standing

    postural sway

  • 71

    Reflects the body’s ability to adjust and maintain COG over the BOS

    postural sway

  • 72

    Sagittal plane

    ~12 deg, front to back sway

  • 73

    Frontal plane

    ~16 deg, side to side sway

  • 74

    Represents the total force appled by the ground on the body

    GRFV

  • 75

    Vertical line representing the direction of gravitational force

    line of gravity

  • 76

    In_____ posture, the LoG aligns with GRFV

    static

  • 77

    Supports BW

    vertical

  • 78

    Stabilizes side to side motion

    medial lateral

  • 79

    Stabilizes forward backward motion

    anteroposterior

  • 80

    Y axis

    vertical

  • 81

    X axis

    medial lateral

  • 82

    Z axis

    anteroposterior

  • 83

    Reflects the GRFV’s point of application, which shifts with posture and movement

    center of pressure

  • 84

    Alignment of body segments to minimize stress on jts, muscles and ligaments while efficiently countering gravitational forces

    optimal posture

  • 85

    LOG passes near jt axes, minimizing torque and energy expenditure

    optimal posture

  • 86

    Maintained by low level muscle activity and passive tension in ligaments and other connective tissue

    stability

  • 87

    Habitual poor posture leads to

    muscle imbalances, chronic strain and structural adaptations

  • 88

    Small deviations are normal but large ones increase strain on structures and energy demands

    true

  • 89

    Static posture

    Involves holding a fixed position, such as standing, sitting or lying down, relies on the balance of muscular and passive structures, standing in line, sitting at a desk

  • 90

    Dynamic posture

    involves movements where body segments continuously adjust, coordination between sensory, nervous and musculoskeletal systems ensure stability

  • 91

    LOG should pass through or near key landmarks

    lateral view

  • 92

    LOG divides the body into symmetrical halves

    AP view

  • 93

    LOG and COP shift with movement

    dynamic posture

  • 94

    Focuses on maintaining balance and recovering from perturbations during movement

    dynamic analysis

  • 95

    Result from LOG deviations from jt axes, creating torques

    external moments

  • 96

    Generated by muscle activity to counteract external moments and maintain stability

    internal moments

  • 97

    Ideal posture reduces snergy expenditure by minimizing gravitational moments

    energy efficiency

  • 98

    Faulty postures increase muscular effort leading to fatigue and potential injury

    energy efficiency

  • 99

    Atlanto-occipital jt

    anterior, flexion

  • 100

    Cervical

    posterior, extension