General appearance includes jugular vein engorgement and level of awareness

General appearance includes

Symmetry of chest and trunk

Level of awareness

Supraclavicular or intercostal retraction during inspiration

Hypertrophy or use at rest of accessory muscles of ventilation

Peripheral edema

Mobility of trunk

Funnel breast

Pigeon breast

Air=solid

Normal

Air<solid

Dull, flat, thud-like sound

Restrictive lung disease

Air>solid

COPD

Tympanic

Chest wall pain

Mediastinal shift

Same side of lesion

Away from side of lesion

E > I

I > E

I = E

Adjacent to trachea

All lung fields

Trachea

Over the primary bronchi

Intermittent popping, may be coarse or fine

Continuous, may be high or low pitch

Harsh, coarse wheeze that may occur both during I and E

Low pitch creaking most often heard during I

Gurgling of saliva and bronchial secretion

99 procedure

Muffled 99

Clear, crisp 99

E procedure and normal findings

A abnormal findings

Whispers E or 1,2,3

Absent sound for normal findings

Audible E or 1,2,3 for abnormal findings

Customary vibration

Increased and decreased abnormal findings

Components of cough

Components of cough

Sputum assessment

Sputum assessment

Hemoptysis

TB

Purulent

Infection with pus

Infection without pus

Neoplasm

Emphysema

Pulmonary edema

Pneumonia

Cystic fibrosis

White, foul smelling

Very viscous

Highly viscous

Asthmatic bronchitis

Carbon particle

Pneumoconiosis

Incentive spirometer

Diaphragmatic breathing

Stacked breaths

Progressive volume breaths

Facilitated segmental breaths

Assisted coughs

Positioning and compensatory strategies

Secondary to pain

Expiratory focused exercises

May be the only means of clearing the airways in patients who are unable to cough or huff voluntarily

Only clears the trachea and the mainstem bronchi

an expiratory impairment

Chronic (potentially productive) cough

Characteristic musculoskeletal changes

An inspiratory impairment

Emaciated appearance

COPD common pathologies