RESISTANCE

100問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Capacity of a muscle to do work

muscle performance

Key elements of muscle performance

Strength, Power, Endurance

An activity in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically

Resistance exercise

Broad term thy refers to the extent that the contractile elements of a muscle produce force

muscle strength

Greatest measurable force that is exerted by a muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximum effort

muscle strength

Relates to the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce the appropriate amount of force, during functional activities in a smooth and controlled manner

functional strength

Systemic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower or control heavy external loads for a relatively low number of repetitions or over a short period of time

strength training

Related to the strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work produced by a muscle per unit of time

muscle power

Rate of performing work

power

Necessary foundation for developing muscle power

muscle strength

The greater the intensity of the exercise and the shorter the time period taken to generate force, the greater is the muscle strength

false

Broad term that refers to the ability to perform repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time

endurance

Associated with repetitive, dynamic motor activities

cardiopulmonary endurance

AKA local endurance

muscle endurance

Is the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly against an external load, generate and sustain tension, and resist fatigue over an extended period of time

muscle endurance

Maintrnance of balance and proper alignment of the body segments require power of the postural muscles

false

Although muscle strength and endurance are associated, they do not always correlate well with each other

true

Plyometric training or stretch-shortening drills

power training

Systemic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower, or control a light external load for many repetitions over an extended period of time

endurance training

The key parameters of endurance training are low-intensity muscle contractions, a low number of repetition and a shortened time period

false

Foundational element that guides the use of resistance exercise in improving muscle performance

overload principle, SAID principle

If muscle performance is to improve, a resistance load that exceeds the metabolic capacity must be applied— that is, the muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater that to which it us accustomed

overload principle

Refers to how musch external resistance ks imposed on the muscle

intensity

Includes variables such as repetitions, sets or frequency

volume

In a strength training program, the amount of external resistance applied to the muscle is incrementally and progressively decreased. For endurance training, emphasis is placed on increasing the time a muscle contraction is sustained or the number of repetitions performed rather than the amount of external resistance.

First statement is false, second is true

Refers to the concept that to improve a specific muscle performance element, the resistance program should be matched to the elements constructs

SAID principle

specific adaptation to imposed demands

This prinicple applies to all body systems and is an extension of Wolff’s law

SAID principle

Muscle strengthening program has been shown to have a transfer effect by moderately improving muscular endurance. In contrast, endurance training has little to no cross-trauning effect on muscle strength

Both statements are true

Adaptive changes in the body’s systems in response to a resistance exercise program ate transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functionak activities or unless an individual participated in a maintenance program of resistance exercise

reversibility principle

Reflected by reductions in muscle performance , begins a week or two after the cessation of resistance exercises and continues until training effects are lost

detraining

3 main energy systems

ATP, anaerobic glycolytic system, aerobic system

Most to least exhausting contraction

Fast eccentric, Slow eccentric, Isometric, Slow concentric, Fast concentric

Occurs during exercise when a muscle repeatedly contracts statically or dynamically against an imposed load

local or muscle fatigue

The diminished response of a muscle to a repeated stimulus is reflected in a progressive decrement in the amplitude of motor unit potentials

local or muscle fatigue

Characterized by a gradual decline in the force-produxing capacity of the neuromuscular system. This is a temporary decline that leads to decrease in muscle strength

local or muscle fatigue

Systemic diminished response of an individual to a stimulus as the result of prolonged physical activity

general or cardiopulmonary fatigue

Related to the ability to use oxygen efficiently

general or cardiopulmonary fatigue

More resistant to fatigue

type i fibers

Generate a low level of muscle tension but can sustain the contraction for a long time

type i

Aerobic

type i, type iia

Slow twitch

type i

Generate amount of tension within a short period of time

type iia, type iib

Unintentional slowing of contraction velocity with successive reps of an exercise is a sign and symptom of muscle fatigue

true

There is concern that children who participate in resistance training may be at risk for injuries because musculoskeletal system is immature

true

Dosage in resistance training includes

Intensity, Volume, Frequency, Duration

Exercise load or level of resistance

intensity

Total number of reps and sets in an exercise session

volume

Sequence in which muscle groups are exercised during a session

exercise order

Number of exercise sessions per day or per week

frequency

Time alloted for recuperation between exercise sets and sessions

rest interval

Total time committed to a resistance training program

duration

Type of muscle contraction, type of resistance, arc of movement used, and primary energy system utilized during exercise

mode

Rate at which each exercise is performed

velocity

Variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training

periodization

Exercises that approximate or replicate functional demands

integration of exercises into functional activities

Compensatory movement paterns caused by a muscle action of a stronger adjacent agonist or a muscle group that normally serves as a stabilizer

substitute motions

It is most common to stabilize the body segment that has the ______ attachment of the muscle being strengthened

proximal

Can be applied manually by the therapist or the patient with equipment

external stabilization

Achieved by an isometric contraction of an adjacent muscle group that does not impact the desired movement pattern but holds the proximal body segment of the muscle being strengthened firmly in place

internal stabilization

It is always challenging to estimate how much external resistance to apply during resistance exercises, particularly at the end of strengthening program

false

Defined as the greatest amount of weight or load that can be moved with control through the full, available ROM a specific number of times before fatiguing

repetition maximum

Universal bench press

30% BW

Universal leg extension

20% BW

Universal leg curl

10-15% BW

Universal leg press

50% BW

The external resistance directly dictates how many reps and sets are possible

true

Refers to the number of times a particular movements is performed consecutively

repetitions

Large muscle groups should be exercised after small muscle groups and multijoint muscles should be performed before single-joint exercises

false

The greater the intensity and volume of exercise, the more time is needed between exercise sessions to recover from the temporary fatigue effects

true

Rest intervals between exercise sessions are longer and the frequency of exercise is less for eccentric exercises

true

Moderate intensity resistance training rest period

2-3 mins

High intensity restance training rest period

>3 mins

Isometric contractions done internally

static contraction

Can be implemented by use of an isokinetic dynamometer that conteols the velocity by adjusting the external resistance to meet the internal effort during exercise

accommodating resistance

Source of resistance if the exercuse occurs in an antigravity position

body weight

Involves high intensity effort carried out over a low number of repetitions because muscles rapidly fatigue at near maximal intensity

anaerobic exercise

Associated with low intensity, high repetition effort over an extended period of time

aerobic exercise

Primarily increaes muscular and cardiopulmonary endurance

aerobic exercise

During a maximum effort concentric muscle contraction, as muscle shortening velocity increases, the force the muscle can generate ______

decreases

During a maximum effort eccentric contraction, as the velocity of active muscle lengthening increases, force production in the muscle initially _____ to a point but then quickly levels off

increases

Resistance training with free weights is safe and effective only at slow to medium velocities of limb movement so the patient can maintain control of the moving weight

true

Type of active-resistive exercise in which external resistance is provided by a therapist or other health professional

manual RE

Useful when the ROM needs to be carefully controlled

manual RE

Form of active resistive exercise in which external resistance is applied through the use of equipment or mechanical apparatus

mechanical RE

Useful when the amount of external resistance necessary is greater than what the therapist can apply manually

mechanical RE

Static form of exercise in which a muscle contracts and produces force without an appreciable change in the length of the muscle and without visible joint motion

isometric exercise

Muscle setting does not improve muscle strength except in very weak muscles

true

Accelerate body segments

concentric

Decelerate body segments

eccentric

Act as a source of energy absorption during high impact activities

eccentric

Thought to improve sport related physical performance

eccentric

Greater external loads can be controlled

eccentric

Concentric muscle contractions consume less oxygen and energy stores than eccentric contractions

false

Caused by repeated contractions of the unexervised extremity in an attempt to stabilize the body during high-effort exercise

cross-training effect

Most common system of dynamic resistance training

progressive resistance exercise

Form of resistance training in which a limb moves through a ROM against a constant external load, provides by free weights

dynamic exercise against constant external resistance

Form of dynamic exercise, addresses the primary limitation of dynamic exercise against a constant external load

variable resistance exercise

Reps for most adults

8-12 reps

100

Caution the patient that pain should not occur during exercise

true

ROM

Kyla Rafols · 71問 · 2年前

ROM