問題一覧
1
Capacity of a muscle to do work
muscle performance
2
Key elements of muscle performance
Strength, Power, Endurance
3
An activity in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically
Resistance exercise
4
Broad term thy refers to the extent that the contractile elements of a muscle produce force
muscle strength
5
Greatest measurable force that is exerted by a muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximum effort
muscle strength
6
Relates to the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce the appropriate amount of force, during functional activities in a smooth and controlled manner
functional strength
7
Systemic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower or control heavy external loads for a relatively low number of repetitions or over a short period of time
strength training
8
Related to the strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work produced by a muscle per unit of time
muscle power
9
Rate of performing work
power
10
Necessary foundation for developing muscle power
muscle strength
11
The greater the intensity of the exercise and the shorter the time period taken to generate force, the greater is the muscle strength
false
12
Broad term that refers to the ability to perform repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time
endurance
13
Associated with repetitive, dynamic motor activities
cardiopulmonary endurance
14
AKA local endurance
muscle endurance
15
Is the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly against an external load, generate and sustain tension, and resist fatigue over an extended period of time
muscle endurance
16
Maintrnance of balance and proper alignment of the body segments require power of the postural muscles
false
17
Although muscle strength and endurance are associated, they do not always correlate well with each other
true
18
Plyometric training or stretch-shortening drills
power training
19
Systemic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower, or control a light external load for many repetitions over an extended period of time
endurance training
20
The key parameters of endurance training are low-intensity muscle contractions, a low number of repetition and a shortened time period
false
21
Foundational element that guides the use of resistance exercise in improving muscle performance
overload principle, SAID principle
22
If muscle performance is to improve, a resistance load that exceeds the metabolic capacity must be applied— that is, the muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater that to which it us accustomed
overload principle
23
Refers to how musch external resistance ks imposed on the muscle
intensity
24
Includes variables such as repetitions, sets or frequency
volume
25
In a strength training program, the amount of external resistance applied to the muscle is incrementally and progressively decreased. For endurance training, emphasis is placed on increasing the time a muscle contraction is sustained or the number of repetitions performed rather than the amount of external resistance.
First statement is false, second is true
26
Refers to the concept that to improve a specific muscle performance element, the resistance program should be matched to the elements constructs
SAID principle
27
SAID principle
specific adaptation to imposed demands
28
This prinicple applies to all body systems and is an extension of Wolff’s law
SAID principle
29
Muscle strengthening program has been shown to have a transfer effect by moderately improving muscular endurance. In contrast, endurance training has little to no cross-trauning effect on muscle strength
Both statements are true
30
Adaptive changes in the body’s systems in response to a resistance exercise program ate transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functionak activities or unless an individual participated in a maintenance program of resistance exercise
reversibility principle
31
Reflected by reductions in muscle performance , begins a week or two after the cessation of resistance exercises and continues until training effects are lost
detraining
32
3 main energy systems
ATP, anaerobic glycolytic system, aerobic system
33
Most to least exhausting contraction
Fast eccentric, Slow eccentric, Isometric, Slow concentric, Fast concentric
34
Occurs during exercise when a muscle repeatedly contracts statically or dynamically against an imposed load
local or muscle fatigue
35
The diminished response of a muscle to a repeated stimulus is reflected in a progressive decrement in the amplitude of motor unit potentials
local or muscle fatigue
36
Characterized by a gradual decline in the force-produxing capacity of the neuromuscular system. This is a temporary decline that leads to decrease in muscle strength
local or muscle fatigue
37
Systemic diminished response of an individual to a stimulus as the result of prolonged physical activity
general or cardiopulmonary fatigue
38
Related to the ability to use oxygen efficiently
general or cardiopulmonary fatigue
39
More resistant to fatigue
type i fibers
40
Generate a low level of muscle tension but can sustain the contraction for a long time
type i
41
Aerobic
type i, type iia
42
Slow twitch
type i
43
Generate amount of tension within a short period of time
type iia, type iib
44
Unintentional slowing of contraction velocity with successive reps of an exercise is a sign and symptom of muscle fatigue
true
45
There is concern that children who participate in resistance training may be at risk for injuries because musculoskeletal system is immature
true
46
Dosage in resistance training includes
Intensity, Volume, Frequency, Duration
47
Exercise load or level of resistance
intensity
48
Total number of reps and sets in an exercise session
volume
49
Sequence in which muscle groups are exercised during a session
exercise order
50
Number of exercise sessions per day or per week
frequency
51
Time alloted for recuperation between exercise sets and sessions
rest interval
52
Total time committed to a resistance training program
duration
53
Type of muscle contraction, type of resistance, arc of movement used, and primary energy system utilized during exercise
mode
54
Rate at which each exercise is performed
velocity
55
Variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training
periodization
56
Exercises that approximate or replicate functional demands
integration of exercises into functional activities
57
Compensatory movement paterns caused by a muscle action of a stronger adjacent agonist or a muscle group that normally serves as a stabilizer
substitute motions
58
It is most common to stabilize the body segment that has the ______ attachment of the muscle being strengthened
proximal
59
Can be applied manually by the therapist or the patient with equipment
external stabilization
60
Achieved by an isometric contraction of an adjacent muscle group that does not impact the desired movement pattern but holds the proximal body segment of the muscle being strengthened firmly in place
internal stabilization
61
It is always challenging to estimate how much external resistance to apply during resistance exercises, particularly at the end of strengthening program
false
62
Defined as the greatest amount of weight or load that can be moved with control through the full, available ROM a specific number of times before fatiguing
repetition maximum
63
Universal bench press
30% BW
64
Universal leg extension
20% BW
65
Universal leg curl
10-15% BW
66
Universal leg press
50% BW
67
The external resistance directly dictates how many reps and sets are possible
true
68
Refers to the number of times a particular movements is performed consecutively
repetitions
69
Large muscle groups should be exercised after small muscle groups and multijoint muscles should be performed before single-joint exercises
false
70
The greater the intensity and volume of exercise, the more time is needed between exercise sessions to recover from the temporary fatigue effects
true
71
Rest intervals between exercise sessions are longer and the frequency of exercise is less for eccentric exercises
true
72
Moderate intensity resistance training rest period
2-3 mins
73
High intensity restance training rest period
>3 mins
74
Isometric contractions done internally
static contraction
75
Can be implemented by use of an isokinetic dynamometer that conteols the velocity by adjusting the external resistance to meet the internal effort during exercise
accommodating resistance
76
Source of resistance if the exercuse occurs in an antigravity position
body weight
77
Involves high intensity effort carried out over a low number of repetitions because muscles rapidly fatigue at near maximal intensity
anaerobic exercise
78
Associated with low intensity, high repetition effort over an extended period of time
aerobic exercise
79
Primarily increaes muscular and cardiopulmonary endurance
aerobic exercise
80
During a maximum effort concentric muscle contraction, as muscle shortening velocity increases, the force the muscle can generate ______
decreases
81
During a maximum effort eccentric contraction, as the velocity of active muscle lengthening increases, force production in the muscle initially _____ to a point but then quickly levels off
increases
82
Resistance training with free weights is safe and effective only at slow to medium velocities of limb movement so the patient can maintain control of the moving weight
true
83
Type of active-resistive exercise in which external resistance is provided by a therapist or other health professional
manual RE
84
Useful when the ROM needs to be carefully controlled
manual RE
85
Form of active resistive exercise in which external resistance is applied through the use of equipment or mechanical apparatus
mechanical RE
86
Useful when the amount of external resistance necessary is greater than what the therapist can apply manually
mechanical RE
87
Static form of exercise in which a muscle contracts and produces force without an appreciable change in the length of the muscle and without visible joint motion
isometric exercise
88
Muscle setting does not improve muscle strength except in very weak muscles
true
89
Accelerate body segments
concentric
90
Decelerate body segments
eccentric
91
Act as a source of energy absorption during high impact activities
eccentric
92
Thought to improve sport related physical performance
eccentric
93
Greater external loads can be controlled
eccentric
94
Concentric muscle contractions consume less oxygen and energy stores than eccentric contractions
false
95
Caused by repeated contractions of the unexervised extremity in an attempt to stabilize the body during high-effort exercise
cross-training effect
96
Most common system of dynamic resistance training
progressive resistance exercise
97
Form of resistance training in which a limb moves through a ROM against a constant external load, provides by free weights
dynamic exercise against constant external resistance
98
Form of dynamic exercise, addresses the primary limitation of dynamic exercise against a constant external load
variable resistance exercise
99
Reps for most adults
8-12 reps
100
Caution the patient that pain should not occur during exercise
true
ROM
ROM
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Endocrinology
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OrgAd
OrgAd
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org2
org2
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Pecs
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Arm
Arm
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Arm
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Arm 2
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Arm 2
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FOREARM
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FOREARM
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ENTREP
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kapoya org ad
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問題一覧
1
Capacity of a muscle to do work
muscle performance
2
Key elements of muscle performance
Strength, Power, Endurance
3
An activity in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically
Resistance exercise
4
Broad term thy refers to the extent that the contractile elements of a muscle produce force
muscle strength
5
Greatest measurable force that is exerted by a muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximum effort
muscle strength
6
Relates to the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce the appropriate amount of force, during functional activities in a smooth and controlled manner
functional strength
7
Systemic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower or control heavy external loads for a relatively low number of repetitions or over a short period of time
strength training
8
Related to the strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work produced by a muscle per unit of time
muscle power
9
Rate of performing work
power
10
Necessary foundation for developing muscle power
muscle strength
11
The greater the intensity of the exercise and the shorter the time period taken to generate force, the greater is the muscle strength
false
12
Broad term that refers to the ability to perform repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time
endurance
13
Associated with repetitive, dynamic motor activities
cardiopulmonary endurance
14
AKA local endurance
muscle endurance
15
Is the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly against an external load, generate and sustain tension, and resist fatigue over an extended period of time
muscle endurance
16
Maintrnance of balance and proper alignment of the body segments require power of the postural muscles
false
17
Although muscle strength and endurance are associated, they do not always correlate well with each other
true
18
Plyometric training or stretch-shortening drills
power training
19
Systemic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower, or control a light external load for many repetitions over an extended period of time
endurance training
20
The key parameters of endurance training are low-intensity muscle contractions, a low number of repetition and a shortened time period
false
21
Foundational element that guides the use of resistance exercise in improving muscle performance
overload principle, SAID principle
22
If muscle performance is to improve, a resistance load that exceeds the metabolic capacity must be applied— that is, the muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater that to which it us accustomed
overload principle
23
Refers to how musch external resistance ks imposed on the muscle
intensity
24
Includes variables such as repetitions, sets or frequency
volume
25
In a strength training program, the amount of external resistance applied to the muscle is incrementally and progressively decreased. For endurance training, emphasis is placed on increasing the time a muscle contraction is sustained or the number of repetitions performed rather than the amount of external resistance.
First statement is false, second is true
26
Refers to the concept that to improve a specific muscle performance element, the resistance program should be matched to the elements constructs
SAID principle
27
SAID principle
specific adaptation to imposed demands
28
This prinicple applies to all body systems and is an extension of Wolff’s law
SAID principle
29
Muscle strengthening program has been shown to have a transfer effect by moderately improving muscular endurance. In contrast, endurance training has little to no cross-trauning effect on muscle strength
Both statements are true
30
Adaptive changes in the body’s systems in response to a resistance exercise program ate transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functionak activities or unless an individual participated in a maintenance program of resistance exercise
reversibility principle
31
Reflected by reductions in muscle performance , begins a week or two after the cessation of resistance exercises and continues until training effects are lost
detraining
32
3 main energy systems
ATP, anaerobic glycolytic system, aerobic system
33
Most to least exhausting contraction
Fast eccentric, Slow eccentric, Isometric, Slow concentric, Fast concentric
34
Occurs during exercise when a muscle repeatedly contracts statically or dynamically against an imposed load
local or muscle fatigue
35
The diminished response of a muscle to a repeated stimulus is reflected in a progressive decrement in the amplitude of motor unit potentials
local or muscle fatigue
36
Characterized by a gradual decline in the force-produxing capacity of the neuromuscular system. This is a temporary decline that leads to decrease in muscle strength
local or muscle fatigue
37
Systemic diminished response of an individual to a stimulus as the result of prolonged physical activity
general or cardiopulmonary fatigue
38
Related to the ability to use oxygen efficiently
general or cardiopulmonary fatigue
39
More resistant to fatigue
type i fibers
40
Generate a low level of muscle tension but can sustain the contraction for a long time
type i
41
Aerobic
type i, type iia
42
Slow twitch
type i
43
Generate amount of tension within a short period of time
type iia, type iib
44
Unintentional slowing of contraction velocity with successive reps of an exercise is a sign and symptom of muscle fatigue
true
45
There is concern that children who participate in resistance training may be at risk for injuries because musculoskeletal system is immature
true
46
Dosage in resistance training includes
Intensity, Volume, Frequency, Duration
47
Exercise load or level of resistance
intensity
48
Total number of reps and sets in an exercise session
volume
49
Sequence in which muscle groups are exercised during a session
exercise order
50
Number of exercise sessions per day or per week
frequency
51
Time alloted for recuperation between exercise sets and sessions
rest interval
52
Total time committed to a resistance training program
duration
53
Type of muscle contraction, type of resistance, arc of movement used, and primary energy system utilized during exercise
mode
54
Rate at which each exercise is performed
velocity
55
Variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training
periodization
56
Exercises that approximate or replicate functional demands
integration of exercises into functional activities
57
Compensatory movement paterns caused by a muscle action of a stronger adjacent agonist or a muscle group that normally serves as a stabilizer
substitute motions
58
It is most common to stabilize the body segment that has the ______ attachment of the muscle being strengthened
proximal
59
Can be applied manually by the therapist or the patient with equipment
external stabilization
60
Achieved by an isometric contraction of an adjacent muscle group that does not impact the desired movement pattern but holds the proximal body segment of the muscle being strengthened firmly in place
internal stabilization
61
It is always challenging to estimate how much external resistance to apply during resistance exercises, particularly at the end of strengthening program
false
62
Defined as the greatest amount of weight or load that can be moved with control through the full, available ROM a specific number of times before fatiguing
repetition maximum
63
Universal bench press
30% BW
64
Universal leg extension
20% BW
65
Universal leg curl
10-15% BW
66
Universal leg press
50% BW
67
The external resistance directly dictates how many reps and sets are possible
true
68
Refers to the number of times a particular movements is performed consecutively
repetitions
69
Large muscle groups should be exercised after small muscle groups and multijoint muscles should be performed before single-joint exercises
false
70
The greater the intensity and volume of exercise, the more time is needed between exercise sessions to recover from the temporary fatigue effects
true
71
Rest intervals between exercise sessions are longer and the frequency of exercise is less for eccentric exercises
true
72
Moderate intensity resistance training rest period
2-3 mins
73
High intensity restance training rest period
>3 mins
74
Isometric contractions done internally
static contraction
75
Can be implemented by use of an isokinetic dynamometer that conteols the velocity by adjusting the external resistance to meet the internal effort during exercise
accommodating resistance
76
Source of resistance if the exercuse occurs in an antigravity position
body weight
77
Involves high intensity effort carried out over a low number of repetitions because muscles rapidly fatigue at near maximal intensity
anaerobic exercise
78
Associated with low intensity, high repetition effort over an extended period of time
aerobic exercise
79
Primarily increaes muscular and cardiopulmonary endurance
aerobic exercise
80
During a maximum effort concentric muscle contraction, as muscle shortening velocity increases, the force the muscle can generate ______
decreases
81
During a maximum effort eccentric contraction, as the velocity of active muscle lengthening increases, force production in the muscle initially _____ to a point but then quickly levels off
increases
82
Resistance training with free weights is safe and effective only at slow to medium velocities of limb movement so the patient can maintain control of the moving weight
true
83
Type of active-resistive exercise in which external resistance is provided by a therapist or other health professional
manual RE
84
Useful when the ROM needs to be carefully controlled
manual RE
85
Form of active resistive exercise in which external resistance is applied through the use of equipment or mechanical apparatus
mechanical RE
86
Useful when the amount of external resistance necessary is greater than what the therapist can apply manually
mechanical RE
87
Static form of exercise in which a muscle contracts and produces force without an appreciable change in the length of the muscle and without visible joint motion
isometric exercise
88
Muscle setting does not improve muscle strength except in very weak muscles
true
89
Accelerate body segments
concentric
90
Decelerate body segments
eccentric
91
Act as a source of energy absorption during high impact activities
eccentric
92
Thought to improve sport related physical performance
eccentric
93
Greater external loads can be controlled
eccentric
94
Concentric muscle contractions consume less oxygen and energy stores than eccentric contractions
false
95
Caused by repeated contractions of the unexervised extremity in an attempt to stabilize the body during high-effort exercise
cross-training effect
96
Most common system of dynamic resistance training
progressive resistance exercise
97
Form of resistance training in which a limb moves through a ROM against a constant external load, provides by free weights
dynamic exercise against constant external resistance
98
Form of dynamic exercise, addresses the primary limitation of dynamic exercise against a constant external load
variable resistance exercise
99
Reps for most adults
8-12 reps
100
Caution the patient that pain should not occur during exercise
true