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KNEE
163問 • 1年前
  • Kyla Rafols
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    biggest joint in human body

    tibiofemoral

  • 2

    what type of joint is knee jt

    synovial, synarthrodial, modified hinge

  • 3

    Knee joint

    extracapsular, intraarticular

  • 4

    Not purely allowing 1 degree of freedom

    knee joint

  • 5

    Primary movement of knee joint

    flexion, extension

  • 6

    Knee joint have a certain degree of rotation

    true

  • 7

    Tibia against femur

    OKC

  • 8

    Femur on a fixed tibia

    CKC

  • 9

    Specialized articulation within the complex

    patellofemoral joint

  • 10

    if not normal, it can alter the normal function of the joint

    patellofemoral joint

  • 11

    PROXIMAL

    femoral condyles, convex

  • 12

    DISTAL

    tibial plateau, concave

  • 13

    Patellofemoral OPP

    25 deg flexion

  • 14

    Patellofemoral CPP

    full extension, lateral tibial rotation

  • 15

    Patellofemoral capsular pattern

    Flex>ext

  • 16

    Smaller, without broken line

    medial condyle

  • 17

    When looking with the distal articulating surface at rest/standing: bigger surface contact

    medial condyle

  • 18

    Bigger without broken line

    lateral condyle

  • 19

    Smaller contact surface in neutral standing

    lateral condyle

  • 20

    Arthritis contracts in this surface which degenerates first

    medial

  • 21

    Slightly diagonal

    posterior cruciate

  • 22

    Posterior tibia — anterior femur

    posterior cruciate

  • 23

    Diagonally oriented

    anterior crucuate

  • 24

    Anterior tibia — diagonally cross upwards — posterior femur

    anterior cruciate

  • 25

    Anteromedial crosses to the posterolateral

    anterior cruciate

  • 26

    Coxa vara

    genu valgum

  • 27

    Coxa valga

    genu varum

  • 28

    Weight bearing at rest: normal slight genu valgum degrees

    6-7 deg

  • 29

    If foot is very straight, BOS narrow

    true

  • 30

    In walking, the GRF will matter as to where the contact is

    true

  • 31

    Supporting tissues

    menisci, cruciates

  • 32

    Similar to labrum

    meniscus

  • 33

    If absent = shallow tibial plateau

    meniscus

  • 34

    how it behaves depends upon where it is attached

    meniscus

  • 35

    Distributes the load

    meniscus

  • 36

    Femur flexion

    menisci moves backward

  • 37

    Femur extension

    menisci moves forward

  • 38

    Moves less due to several attachments

    medial meniscus

  • 39

    Semicircular

    medial meniscus

  • 40

    10mm in width

    medial meniscus

  • 41

    4/5 of a ring

    lateral meniscus

  • 42

    More mobile

    lateral meniscus

  • 43

    Medial meniscus attachment

    patella, intercondylar tubercle, rim of plateau, capsule, transverse ligament, MCL, semimembranosus

  • 44

    Lateral meniscus attachment

    PCL, meniscofemoral ligament, popliteus

  • 45

    WB>NWB

    meniscal excursion

  • 46

    Where femoral condyle moves, excursion follows the same direction

    true

  • 47

    5-7 mm

    AP

  • 48

    11mm

    ML

  • 49

    Normal in walking, stair climbing

    AP

  • 50

    Increased significantly in deep squats

    AP

  • 51

    Most common MOI

    femoral rotation on a fixed tibia

  • 52

    Most commonly injured

    medial meniscus

  • 53

    Most common type of meniscal injury

    bucket handle

  • 54

    When it tears, there will be a flap

    bucket handle

  • 55

    Major supporting structures in the knee

    2 pairs of ligaments, 1 pair of menisci

  • 56

    Posterior meniscofemoral ligament is also known as

    ligament of Wrisberg

  • 57

    Major ligament

    PCL

  • 58

    Longer

    MCL

  • 59

    Shorter

    LCL

  • 60

    Contribute to stability

    collaterals

  • 61

    Restricts side to side motion

    collaterals

  • 62

    How does ACL get torn

    tibia moves forward on fixed femur, twist femur IR

  • 63

    Has 2 bands that becomes taut during anterior translation in tibia

    ACL

  • 64

    Stout; rarely injured

    PCL

  • 65

    Strongest ligament

    PCL

  • 66

    Limits posterior translation

    PCL

  • 67

    Most common injury of PCL

    dashboard

  • 68

    Observed in vehicular accidents; head on collisions

    dashboard injuries

  • 69

    Strong trauma to tibia anterior which translates posterior

    dashboard

  • 70

    Posterolateral ACL

    lax: knee flexion, tensed: knee extension

  • 71

    Anteromedial ACL

    lax: knee extension, tensed: knee flexuon

  • 72

    Supporting tissue at the back of the knee

    oblique popliteal

  • 73

    Blends with posterior capsule

    oblique popliteal

  • 74

    Supports ACL

    oblique popliteal

  • 75

    Supports laterally

    arcuate popliteal

  • 76

    Reinforces LCL

    arcuate popliteal

  • 77

    Thickenings of the capsule

    popliteal

  • 78

    Extends beyond knee

    IT band expansion

  • 79

    Becomes a supporting tissue (like the collaterals)

    IT band expansion

  • 80

    Has fibers going to the patella

    IT band expansion

  • 81

    Bulged laterally

    femoral condyle

  • 82

    Serves as a bony block to the patella so that it wont be pulled laterally (defense mechanism)

    femoral condyle

  • 83

    Cruciates are found inside the capsule

    false

  • 84

    What happens when ITB becomes tensed

    pulls patella laterally

  • 85

    Angle of pull of quads is very strong towards the anterior side

    false

  • 86

    Problem in the synovium

    RA

  • 87

    Capsule of young age

    cylinder

  • 88

    Normally does not interfere

    synovial plica

  • 89

    If too thick, it tightens the capsule which then interferes with the articulating surface jt play

    synovial plica

  • 90

    Very common syndrom in the knee

    synovial plica syndrome

  • 91

    Passive knee flexion

    0-140 deg

  • 92

    Active knee flexion

    0-120 deg

  • 93

    Knee hyperextension

    0-5 or 10 deg

  • 94

    >10 deg of hyperextension

    genu recurvatum

  • 95

    Only happens when knees are flexed 90 deg

    tibial rotation

  • 96

    TESTING OF TIBIAL ROT: Knee flexed 90 deg

    prone position

  • 97

    TESTING OF TIBIAL ROT: align with thigh

    fixed arm

  • 98

    TESTING OF TIBIAL ROT: align with 2nd rat of foot

    moving arm

  • 99

    TESTING ROM OF TIBIAL ROT: IR/ER leg

    procedure

  • 100

    Lateral tibial rotation

    0-40 deg

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    biggest joint in human body

    tibiofemoral

  • 2

    what type of joint is knee jt

    synovial, synarthrodial, modified hinge

  • 3

    Knee joint

    extracapsular, intraarticular

  • 4

    Not purely allowing 1 degree of freedom

    knee joint

  • 5

    Primary movement of knee joint

    flexion, extension

  • 6

    Knee joint have a certain degree of rotation

    true

  • 7

    Tibia against femur

    OKC

  • 8

    Femur on a fixed tibia

    CKC

  • 9

    Specialized articulation within the complex

    patellofemoral joint

  • 10

    if not normal, it can alter the normal function of the joint

    patellofemoral joint

  • 11

    PROXIMAL

    femoral condyles, convex

  • 12

    DISTAL

    tibial plateau, concave

  • 13

    Patellofemoral OPP

    25 deg flexion

  • 14

    Patellofemoral CPP

    full extension, lateral tibial rotation

  • 15

    Patellofemoral capsular pattern

    Flex>ext

  • 16

    Smaller, without broken line

    medial condyle

  • 17

    When looking with the distal articulating surface at rest/standing: bigger surface contact

    medial condyle

  • 18

    Bigger without broken line

    lateral condyle

  • 19

    Smaller contact surface in neutral standing

    lateral condyle

  • 20

    Arthritis contracts in this surface which degenerates first

    medial

  • 21

    Slightly diagonal

    posterior cruciate

  • 22

    Posterior tibia — anterior femur

    posterior cruciate

  • 23

    Diagonally oriented

    anterior crucuate

  • 24

    Anterior tibia — diagonally cross upwards — posterior femur

    anterior cruciate

  • 25

    Anteromedial crosses to the posterolateral

    anterior cruciate

  • 26

    Coxa vara

    genu valgum

  • 27

    Coxa valga

    genu varum

  • 28

    Weight bearing at rest: normal slight genu valgum degrees

    6-7 deg

  • 29

    If foot is very straight, BOS narrow

    true

  • 30

    In walking, the GRF will matter as to where the contact is

    true

  • 31

    Supporting tissues

    menisci, cruciates

  • 32

    Similar to labrum

    meniscus

  • 33

    If absent = shallow tibial plateau

    meniscus

  • 34

    how it behaves depends upon where it is attached

    meniscus

  • 35

    Distributes the load

    meniscus

  • 36

    Femur flexion

    menisci moves backward

  • 37

    Femur extension

    menisci moves forward

  • 38

    Moves less due to several attachments

    medial meniscus

  • 39

    Semicircular

    medial meniscus

  • 40

    10mm in width

    medial meniscus

  • 41

    4/5 of a ring

    lateral meniscus

  • 42

    More mobile

    lateral meniscus

  • 43

    Medial meniscus attachment

    patella, intercondylar tubercle, rim of plateau, capsule, transverse ligament, MCL, semimembranosus

  • 44

    Lateral meniscus attachment

    PCL, meniscofemoral ligament, popliteus

  • 45

    WB>NWB

    meniscal excursion

  • 46

    Where femoral condyle moves, excursion follows the same direction

    true

  • 47

    5-7 mm

    AP

  • 48

    11mm

    ML

  • 49

    Normal in walking, stair climbing

    AP

  • 50

    Increased significantly in deep squats

    AP

  • 51

    Most common MOI

    femoral rotation on a fixed tibia

  • 52

    Most commonly injured

    medial meniscus

  • 53

    Most common type of meniscal injury

    bucket handle

  • 54

    When it tears, there will be a flap

    bucket handle

  • 55

    Major supporting structures in the knee

    2 pairs of ligaments, 1 pair of menisci

  • 56

    Posterior meniscofemoral ligament is also known as

    ligament of Wrisberg

  • 57

    Major ligament

    PCL

  • 58

    Longer

    MCL

  • 59

    Shorter

    LCL

  • 60

    Contribute to stability

    collaterals

  • 61

    Restricts side to side motion

    collaterals

  • 62

    How does ACL get torn

    tibia moves forward on fixed femur, twist femur IR

  • 63

    Has 2 bands that becomes taut during anterior translation in tibia

    ACL

  • 64

    Stout; rarely injured

    PCL

  • 65

    Strongest ligament

    PCL

  • 66

    Limits posterior translation

    PCL

  • 67

    Most common injury of PCL

    dashboard

  • 68

    Observed in vehicular accidents; head on collisions

    dashboard injuries

  • 69

    Strong trauma to tibia anterior which translates posterior

    dashboard

  • 70

    Posterolateral ACL

    lax: knee flexion, tensed: knee extension

  • 71

    Anteromedial ACL

    lax: knee extension, tensed: knee flexuon

  • 72

    Supporting tissue at the back of the knee

    oblique popliteal

  • 73

    Blends with posterior capsule

    oblique popliteal

  • 74

    Supports ACL

    oblique popliteal

  • 75

    Supports laterally

    arcuate popliteal

  • 76

    Reinforces LCL

    arcuate popliteal

  • 77

    Thickenings of the capsule

    popliteal

  • 78

    Extends beyond knee

    IT band expansion

  • 79

    Becomes a supporting tissue (like the collaterals)

    IT band expansion

  • 80

    Has fibers going to the patella

    IT band expansion

  • 81

    Bulged laterally

    femoral condyle

  • 82

    Serves as a bony block to the patella so that it wont be pulled laterally (defense mechanism)

    femoral condyle

  • 83

    Cruciates are found inside the capsule

    false

  • 84

    What happens when ITB becomes tensed

    pulls patella laterally

  • 85

    Angle of pull of quads is very strong towards the anterior side

    false

  • 86

    Problem in the synovium

    RA

  • 87

    Capsule of young age

    cylinder

  • 88

    Normally does not interfere

    synovial plica

  • 89

    If too thick, it tightens the capsule which then interferes with the articulating surface jt play

    synovial plica

  • 90

    Very common syndrom in the knee

    synovial plica syndrome

  • 91

    Passive knee flexion

    0-140 deg

  • 92

    Active knee flexion

    0-120 deg

  • 93

    Knee hyperextension

    0-5 or 10 deg

  • 94

    >10 deg of hyperextension

    genu recurvatum

  • 95

    Only happens when knees are flexed 90 deg

    tibial rotation

  • 96

    TESTING OF TIBIAL ROT: Knee flexed 90 deg

    prone position

  • 97

    TESTING OF TIBIAL ROT: align with thigh

    fixed arm

  • 98

    TESTING OF TIBIAL ROT: align with 2nd rat of foot

    moving arm

  • 99

    TESTING ROM OF TIBIAL ROT: IR/ER leg

    procedure

  • 100

    Lateral tibial rotation

    0-40 deg