BREAST

50問 • 9ヶ月前

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The breast lies in the ______ _____ of the pectoral region

Superficial fascia

The breast is extended from what ribs?

2nd to 6th

The breast is extended horizontally from lateral border of sternum to?

Maxillary area

The breast lies on deep fascia and separated from fascia by?

Retromammary space

• Latin word Breast? = • What type of sweat gland? • What type of organ of female reproduction system?

- Mammary gland - Modified - Accessory Organ

are present in retromammary space

Lymphatics

In MRM, we dissect breast tissue with?

Pectoral fascia

Four quadrants of the breast

1. Upper inner 2. Upper outer 3. Lower outer 4. Lower inner

should be mentioned separately while describing breast examination

Nipple areola complex

Upper lateral quadrant lateral extension name?

Axillary tail of spence

The axillary tail of spence piers pectoral fascia is known as

Foramen of langer

- The foramen of langer has direct communication with anterior group of? - That’s why we need to remove it with _____ with connecting axillary tail in continuity

- axillary lymph nodes - breast tissue

3 structure of breast SPS

- Skin w/ nipple areola - Parenchyma - Stroma

- It has a few modified sweat and sebaceous glands. - A conical projection - It contains circular and longitudinal smooth muscle fibres which can make the nipple stiff or flatten it, respectively.

Nipple

- The nipple is present just below the centre of the breast at the level of the ____ intercostal space 10 cm from the midline. - The nipple is pierced by _____ lactiferous ducts.

- 4th - 15 to 20

- Pigmented skin surrounding Nipple. - RICH IN MODIFIED SEBACEOUS GLANDS, particularly at its outer margin. These become enlarged during pregnancy and lactation to form raised _______ of ________ -Oily secretions of these glands lubricate the nipple and areola, and prevent them from cracking during lactation.

- Areola - Tubercle of Montgomery

The areola does not contain some sweat glands, and accessory mammary glands. TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE

- The skin of the areola and nipple is devoid of hair, and there is no fat _______ to it. - Below the areola lie ______ _____ where stored milk is seen.

- Subjacent - Lactiferous sinus

- Circumareolar incision is also called as? - Submammary incision is also called as?

- Webster’s incision - Galliard Thomas incision

- In upper quadrants – if incision is away from NAC then it should be ____ the langer’s line - But in lower quadrants – it should be ____ to prevent NAC displacement downward.

- Along - Radial

- It is a compound tubulo-alveolar gland which secretes milk. - The ________ ______ converge towards the nipple and open on it. - Near its termination each duct has a dilatation called a what?

- Parenchyma - Lactiferous ducts - lactiferous sinus

The Parenchyma gland consists of ______ lobes. -Each lobe is a cluster of alveoli, and is drained by a

- 15 to 20 - Lactiferous duct.

- cuboidal in the resting phase - columnar during lactation.

Alveolar epithelium

Sample of smaller duct

Columnar epithelium

- two or more layers of cells - the terminal parts of the lactiferous ducts by stratified squamous keratinised epithelium.

Larger ducts

The passage of the milk from the alveoli into and along the ducts is facilitated by contraction of ________, which are found around the alveoli and around the ducts, lying between the epithelium and the basement membrane.

Myoepitheliocytes

- forms the supporting framework of the gland. -It is partly fibrous and partly fatty.

Stroma

There are FIBROUS BANDS that provide structural support and insert perpendicularly into the dermis, termed the _______ which is involved in SKIN RETRACTION

Suspensory ligaments of cooper

The mammary gland is extremely ?

Vascular

- a branch of the subclavian artery, through its perforating branches.

Internal thoracic artery

4 Examples of blood supply of the breast LT, ST, AT, LB - branches of the axillary artery - what branches of the posterior intercostal arteries.

- Lateral thoracic, superior thoracic and acromiothoracic - Lateral branches

3 Blood supply of the Subclavian Artery First Part which that comes from medial border of scalene anterior VA, ITA, TT

1. Vertebral artery 2. Internal thoracic artery, continue as superior epigastic artery 3. Thyrocervical trunk

What does the subclavian artery supply from the second part behind the scalene anterior?

Costcocervical trunk

What does the subclavian artery supply from the Third Part – Lateral border of scalene anterior and medial border of first rib.

Dorsal scapular artery

What does the axillary artery supply from the First Part–Superior to the pectoralis minor

Superior thoracic artery

What does the axillary artery supply in Second Part–Posterior to the pectoralis minor TL

1. Thoraco-acromian artery 2. Lateral thoracic artery

What does the axillary artery supply in the Third Part–Inferior to the pectoralis minor. SAP

1. Subscapular artery 2. Anterior circumflex humoral artery 3. Posterior circumflex humoral artery

Specialized lymphatic channels collect under the nipple and areola and form what?

Sappey’s plexus

Lymphatic drainage is made out of? AIP 75% - 20% - 5% -

- Axillary nodes - Internal mammary nodes - Posterior intercostal nodes

The lymphatics from the deep surface of the breast pass through the pectoralis major muscle and the CLAVIPECTORAL FASCAApical ap to reach the _____ ____ and also to the internal mammary nodes.

Apical nodes

This level of nodes are located lateral to the lateral border of the pectoralis minor muscle.

Level 1

This level of nodes are located posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle.

Level 2

this level of nodes include the sub clavicular nodes medial to the pectoralis minor muscle.

Level 3

lie along the lateral thoracic vessels.

The anterior (pectoral) group

lie along the subscapular vessels.

Posterior scapular group

lie along the upper part of the numerus, medial to the axillary vein.

Lateral group

lie in the FAT of the UPPER AXILLA.

Central group

lie deep to the CLAVIPECTORAL FASCIA along the axillary vessels.

Apical (infraclaaicular) group

Lymph nodes in the space between the pectoralis major and minor muscles are termed the INTERPECTORAL GROUP, or

Rotter’s nodes.

unique feature of thoracic

Superior facet

physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

E · 24問 · 2年前