EXAM BASED

25問 • 5ヶ月前

問題一覧

1. During an abdominal scan, you notice that deeper structures appear darker than superficial ones despite correct gain settings. Which control should you adjust first? A. Depth scale B. Time Gain Compensation (TGC) C. Overall gain D. Dynamic range 2. A student sonographer forgets to apply coupling gel before starting the exam. What will be the most likely image artifact? A. Acoustic shadowing B. Near-field enhancement C. Complete reflection at skin interface D. Reverberation artifact

1b 2c

3. While performing Doppler on the carotid artery, aliasing occurs. Which adjustment would BEST minimize this artifact? A. Switch to Continuous Wave Doppler B. Increase frequency C. Reduce overall gain D. Increase imaging depth 4. In a breast scan, a round structure shows posterior acoustic enhancement. What is the MOST likely characteristic of this lesion? A. Solid mass B. Anechoic cyst C. Calcified lesion D. Isoechoic tumor

3a 4b

5. Which artifact is being demonstrated? in Suspected Gallstone? A. Acoustic enhancement B. Acoustic shadowing C. Refraction D. Reverberation 6. A sonographer performing an obstetric scan switch from a 3 MHz probe to a 7.5 MHz probe. What will be the main imaging trade-off A. Better penetration, poorer resolution B. Better resolution, poorer penetration C. Lower attenuation, deeper penetration D. Same resolution but more scattering

5b 6b

7. You are evaluating a liver lesion. The lesion appears darker than surrounding parenchyma but not completely black. Which term best describes its echogenicity? A. Hyperechoic B. Hypoechoic C. Anechoic D. Isoechoic 8. A cardiac ultrasound exam is performed, and valve movements are represented as wavy lines. Which ultrasound mode is being used? A. A-mode B. B-mode C. M-mode D. Duplex

7b 8c

9. Which historical figure first applied ultrasound for gallstone detection in the 1940s? A. Karl Dussik B. George Ludwig C. lan Donald D. Edler & Hertz 10. A thyroid nodule is scanned using a high-frequency linear probe. What is the main reason this probe is selected? A. Greater penetration depth B. Higher lateral resolution C. Lower attenuation D. Smaller footprint

9b 10b

11. A student is asked to calculate acoustic impedance of muscle (p = 1060 kg/m', v = 1600 m/s). What is the impedance? A. 1.7 MRayls B. 3.5 MRayls C. 0.5 MRayls D. 7.8 MRayls 12. A probe with a curved face producing a sector-shaped image is MOST likely which type? A. Linear array probe B. Curvilinear probe C. Phased array probe D. Endoprobe

11a 12b

13. The first physician to use ultrasound to examine brain tumors was: A. lan Donald B. Karl Dussik C. John Wild D. Paul Langevin 14. A hyperechoic mass in the liver would appear: A. Black B. Dark gray C. Similar to background D. Bright white

13b 14d

15. A neonate requires cardiac imaging, and the probe must fit between ribs. Which probe is best? A. Curvilinear B. Phased array C. Linear D. Endoprobe 16. During a FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) scan, free fluid is seen in the Morrison's pouch. How will it typically appear? A. Anechoic between liver and kidney B. Hyperechoic streaks within liver C. Isoechoic relative to renal cortex D. Reverberation between ribs

15b 16a

7. Which part of the transducer absorbs excess vibrations to improve axial resolution? A. Matching layer B. Piezoelectric crystal C. Backing layer D. Acoustic lens 18. A lesion is found in the liver that has the same echogenicity as the surrounding parenchyma. Which term best describes it? A. Anechoic B. Hypoechoic C. Isoechoic D. Hyperechoic

17c 18c

19. Which control is primarily adjusted to change penetration depth in an ultrasound exam? A. TGC B. Depth scale C. Overall gain D. Freeze function 20. Which historical milestone marked the introduction of ultrasound into Philippine hospitals? A. UST Hospital adopting gray-scale imaging in 1977 B. Makati Medical Center installing the first ultrasound machine in 1973 C. St. Luke's Medical Center using real-time scanners in 1980 D. PGH adopting portable ultrasound in 2000s

19b 20b

21. A vascular technologist switches from Color Doppler to Power Doppler. What is the key diagnostic advantage? A. Better angle correction B. Detection of low-velocity blood flow C. Measurement of cardiac valve stenosis D. Visualization of calcified plaques 22. A renal cyst is identified on ultrasound. Which two features confirm its benign nature? A. Anechoic with acoustic shadowing B. Anechoic with posterior enhancement C. Hypoechoic with no enhancement D. Hyperechoic with shadowing

21b 22b

23. Who pioneered diagnostic use of ultrasound in obstetrics in 1958? A. John Wild B. lan Donald C. Edler & Hertz D. George Ludwig 24. A probe with a flat surface producing a rectangular field of view is MOST likely which type? A. Linear probe B. Curvilinear probe C. Phased array probe D. Endoprobe

23b 24a

25. Which term refers to the reduction in sound wave intensity as it travels through tissue? A. Reflection B. Absorption C. Attenuation D. Refraction 26. A student scans the carotid artery using Duplex Doppler. What is the advantage compared to CW Doppler alone? A. Ability to measure at specific depth B. Higher velocity detection C. Eliminates aliasing D. Less operator dependence

25c 26a

27. Which pioneer's work with A-mode ultrasound in 1942 became the foundation of brain imaging? A. Karl Dussik B. Paul Langevin C. lan Donald D. Douglas Howry 28. A fetus is scanned in real-time, with smooth movement visible. Which parameter is most important for capturing motion? A. Frame rate (temporal resolution) B. Axial resolution C. Lateral resolution D Acoustic impedance

27a 28a

29. Which type of sound wave is used in diagnostic ultrasonography? A. Infrasound B. Audible sound C. Ultrasound (1-30 MHz) D. Hypersound (>1 GHz) 30. A patient presents for musculoskeletal ultrasound. Which probe will give the most detail of tendon structures? A. Linear high-frequency probe B. Curvilinear low-frequency probe C. Phased array probe D. Endoprobe

29c 30a

31. A patient with suspected mitral valve STENOSIS undergoes echocardiography. Which Doppler mode BEST evaluates HIGH-VELOCITY valve flow? A. Pulsed Wave Doppler B. Continuous Wave Doppler C. Duplex Doppler D. Dower Doppler 32. The pioneer credited with developing SONAR and the first hydrophone during WWI was: A. Karl Dussik B. Pierre Curie C.Paul Langevin D. George Ludwig

31b 32c

33. A lesion in the kidney returns bright echoes with a dark shadow behind it. Which combination describes this finding? A. Hyperechoic with enhancement B. Hypoechoic with shadowing C. Hyperechoic with shadowing D. Anechoic with enhancement 34. Which control on the ultrasound machine adjusts brightness uniformly across the entire image? A. Depth B, TGC C. Overall gain D. Focus

33c 34c

35. In 1949-1951, Douglas Howry and Joseph Holmes made what major contribution to ultrasound? A. Discovery of piezoelectricity B. First A-mode gallstone detection C. First 2D B-mode cross-sectional images D. Introduction of Doppler ultrasound 36. A student increases the number of focal zones while scanning the liver. What will be the trade-off? A. Improved temporal resolution, reduced spatial resolution B. Improved lateral resolution, reduced temporal resolution C. Reduced depth penetration, higher gain D. Improved penetration, reduced frequency

35c 36b

37. Which term describes sound waves below 20 Hz A. Infrasound B. Ultrasound C. Hypersound D. Audible sound 38. Which transducer type is most suitable for a transvaginal pelvic scan? A. Curvilinear probe B. Phased array probe C. Endoprobe D. Linear array probe

37a 38c

39. A fetal ultrasound shows smooth motion of limbs. Which machine factor MOST affects the clarity of this motion? A. Frame rate B. Depth penetration C. Acoustic impedance D. Beam width 40. The Curie brothers (1880) contributed to ultrasound by discovering: A. Doppler effect B. Piezoelectricity C. SONAR D. Acoustic shadowing

39a 40b

41 During thyroid scanning, the sonographer lowers frequency from 10 MHz to 5 MHz. What is the effect? A. Better resolution, less penetration B. Better penetration, less resolution C. Less attenuation, poorer resolution D. No change in resolution 42. Which ultrasound artifact results from multiple sound reflections between two strong parallel reflectors? A. Reverberation B. Enhancement C. Shadowing D. Refraction

41b 42a

43. A 35-year-old patient undergoes obstetric ultrasound. Which historical pioneer's work lakes this exam possible? A. Ian Donald B. George Ludwig C. John Wild D. Paul Langevin 44. Which equation correctly relates sound velocity, wavelength, and frequency? A. Velocity = Frequency ÷ Wavelength B. Velocity = Frequency × Wavelength C. Frequency = Velocity + Wavelength D. Wavelength = Velocity × Frequency

43a 44b

45. A hepatic cyst appears anechoic with bright echoes behind it. What causes this finding? A. Increased reflection B. Acoustic enhancement C. Reverberation D. Beam steering 46. Who pioneered handheld B-mode scanners used to differentiate solid from cystic breast lesions? A. John Wild & John Reid B. Karl Dussik C. Inge Edler D. Douglas Howry

45b 46a

47. The intensity of ultrasound is measured in which unit? A. Rayls B. Hertz C. W/cm^2 D. Decibels 48. Which Doppler mode is MOST suitable for assessing blood flow in the carotid artery with ANATOMICAL REFERENCE? A. CW Doppler B. PW Doppler C. Color Doppler D. Duplex Doppler

47c 48d

49. Which ultrasound term describes the resistance of tissue to sound wave propagation? A. Attenuation B. Acoustic impedance C. Velocity D. Intensity 50. Which milestone marked the introduction of gray-scale ultrasound technology in the Philippines? A. Makati Medical Center 1973 B. PGH adoption in 1980s C. UST Hospital acquisition in 1977 D. St. Luke's expansion in 1990s