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M4
58問 • 1年前
  • E
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    invented x-ray grid in 1913

    Dr. Gustav Bucky

  • 2

    working ability of a grid is described, ratio of height

    Grid Ratio

  • 3

    Grid Ratio used for Greater than 90 kVp - for 20-40 kVp (mammography)- for 70-90 kVp -

    - 12:1 - 5:1 - 8:1

  • 4

    ratio of incident radiation

    Bucky Factor

  • 5

    no actual grid, latest innovation for scatter radiation

    Virtual Grid

  • 6

    strips are slightly angled, used at specified focal distance

    Focused Grid

  • 7

    used for short or long distance

    Parallel Grid

  • 8

    eliminates fine grid lines

    Moving Grid

  • 9

    Layers of Intensifying Screen BRLP

    - Base - Reflective Layer - Luminescent Layer/Phosphor Layer - Protective Layer

  • 10

    What phosphor layer emits blue light? CT & LO

    - Calcium Tungstate - Lanthanum Oxybromide

  • 11

    What phosphor layer emits green light? G.0

    Gadolinium Oxysulfide

  • 12

    Rare Earth Elements GLY

    Gadolinium Lanthanum Yttrium

  • 13

    * film sensitive to UV, Blue, Green Light * film sensitive to UV & Blue Light

    - Orthrochromatic Films - Conventional Films

  • 14

    2 Processing Errors that affect density

    - Underdevelopment - Overdevelopment

  • 15

    processing that requires rigorous quality control

    Automatic Processing

  • 16

    controls density of radiograph

    mAs

  • 17

    What Scatter is Decreased, Contrast is what?

    Increased

  • 18

    magnifying the anatomical structure, usually caused by increased OID

    Size Distortion

  • 19

    can be controlled by proper exposure factor

    Magnification

  • 20

    misinterpretation of shape, controlled by alignment of beam, referred as true distortion

    Shape Distortion

  • 21

    Influencing factors of shape distortion include: CB

    - Central ray angulation - Body part rotation

  • 22

    central portion of the beam

    Central Ray

  • 23

    number used to change one set of units

    Technique Conversion Factors

  • 24

    alters intensity of beam

    SID

  • 25

    - compromise visibility of detail - degree of overall blackening

    Density

  • 26

    describe concept of density displayed on soft copy monitor, amount of luminescence

    Brightness

  • 27

    describe the digital processing that produce change

    Window Level

  • 28

    5 Factors affecting density KFABA

    - kVp, mAs - focal spot - anode heel effect - beam restriction - anatomical part

  • 29

    effect that alters intensity

    Anode Heel Effect

  • 30

    great deal of influence on IR and film density

    Anatomical Part

  • 31

    affects recorded detail, fails enough time for image to form

    Motion

  • 32

    * patient based artifact that occur with voluntary and involuntary movement * under the direct control of patient * not under the control of patient

    - Motion Artifact - Voluntary Motion - Involuntary Motion

  • 33

    technique used to track movement of objects with xrays ex. cartilage

    X-ray Motion Analysis

  • 34

    instrument that provides a read of amount of blackening or density

    Densitometer

  • 35

    unwanted absorption of x-rays via an x-ray grid

    Grid Cut Off

  • 36

    to minimize distortion

    Target Object Film Alignment

  • 37

    Use only the SID distances of?

    40” 56” 72”

  • 38

    What do with mAs when distance increases? when distance decreases?

    - double mAs - halve mAs

  • 39

    Restricting beam does what? RN, RA, RO

    - reduce number of photons - reduce amount of scatter radiation - reduce overall IR exposure & film density

  • 40

    Scatter rad is produced when? HL

    - high kVp - large anatomic size

  • 41

    can alter absorption characteristics of anatomic part

    Pathologic Conditions

  • 42

    - conditions that increase absorption characteristics, making it difficult to penetrate - conditions that decrease the absorption characteristics, making part easier to penetrate

    - Additive Diseases - Destructive Diseases

  • 43

    BEST METHODS IN REDUCING MOTION IN ORDER

    1st - Communication 2nd - Reduce Exposure Time 3rd - Immobilization

  • 44

    major controller of image resolution and penumbra

    Focal Spot Size

  • 45

    - what focal spot reduces bluriness or penumbra effect and is used where spatial resolution is important (mammography) - what focal spot results in more unsharpness and reduced recorded detail, used when shorter exposure time is prio

    - Small Focal Spot - Large Focal Spot

  • 46

    The ________ between source or focal spot, object, part and image receptor are critical in establishing sufficient recorded detail

    Distance

  • 47

    when OID is decreased, resolution is ________ when SID is increased, resolution and recorded detail is ________

    - increased - increased

  • 48

    distance between focal spot and radiographic film

    Focal Film Distance

  • 49

    - lower x-ray beam intensity - need higher mAs to prevent underexposure

    - Greater FFD - Longer FFD

  • 50

    commonly classified by speed

    Film/Screen Combination

  • 51

    Slow Film Screen Combination equals to better or worse resolution?

    Better

  • 52

    helps control geometric distortion and grid cut off

    Tube-object film alignment

  • 53

    degree to which radiation is attenuated, depends on cell component, relative atomic no, thickness, cell density

    Patient Factors

  • 54

    - anything that changes the nature of radiation beam - purpose is scatter control

    Beam Modification

  • 55

    - filtration from components of x-ray tube - filtration from interchangeable metal sheets

    Inherent Filtration Added Filtration

  • 56

    filtration used in mammography

    Beryllium

  • 57

    Diagnostic X-ray Beams are _________ (meaning spectrum of many diff energies)

    Polychromatic

  • 58

    substance that attenuates the beam to a different degree than surrounding tissue

    Contrast Media

    • physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

    physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

    E · 24問 · 2年前

    physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

    physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

    24問 • 2年前
    E

    reproductive academic weaponizer

    reproductive academic weaponizer

    E · 55問 · 2年前

    reproductive academic weaponizer

    reproductive academic weaponizer

    55問 • 2年前
    E

    cells prelim acad weaponizer

    cells prelim acad weaponizer

    E · 24問 · 2年前

    cells prelim acad weaponizer

    cells prelim acad weaponizer

    24問 • 2年前
    E

    respiratory/body cavities prelim acad weaponizer

    respiratory/body cavities prelim acad weaponizer

    E · 20問 · 2年前

    respiratory/body cavities prelim acad weaponizer

    respiratory/body cavities prelim acad weaponizer

    20問 • 2年前
    E

    integumentary prelim acad weaponizer

    integumentary prelim acad weaponizer

    E · 29問 · 2年前

    integumentary prelim acad weaponizer

    integumentary prelim acad weaponizer

    29問 • 2年前
    E

    skeletal prelim acad weaponizer

    skeletal prelim acad weaponizer

    E · 33問 · 2年前

    skeletal prelim acad weaponizer

    skeletal prelim acad weaponizer

    33問 • 2年前
    E

    tissue prelim acad weaponizer

    tissue prelim acad weaponizer

    E · 42問 · 2年前

    tissue prelim acad weaponizer

    tissue prelim acad weaponizer

    42問 • 2年前
    E

    membrane prelim acad weaponizer

    membrane prelim acad weaponizer

    E · 20問 · 2年前

    membrane prelim acad weaponizer

    membrane prelim acad weaponizer

    20問 • 2年前
    E

    RPC L2

    RPC L2

    E · 28問 · 1年前

    RPC L2

    RPC L2

    28問 • 1年前
    E

    RPC L3

    RPC L3

    E · 40問 · 1年前

    RPC L3

    RPC L3

    40問 • 1年前
    E

    RPC L4

    RPC L4

    E · 32問 · 1年前

    RPC L4

    RPC L4

    32問 • 1年前
    E

    ALE

    ALE

    E · 48問 · 1年前

    ALE

    ALE

    48問 • 1年前
    E

    RPC L5

    RPC L5

    E · 64問 · 1年前

    RPC L5

    RPC L5

    64問 • 1年前
    E

    RPC M1

    RPC M1

    E · 38問 · 1年前

    RPC M1

    RPC M1

    38問 • 1年前
    E

    RPC M1/2

    RPC M1/2

    E · 45問 · 1年前

    RPC M1/2

    RPC M1/2

    45問 • 1年前
    E

    RPC M2

    RPC M2

    E · 64問 · 1年前

    RPC M2

    RPC M2

    64問 • 1年前
    E

    RPC M2.5

    RPC M2.5

    E · 45問 · 1年前

    RPC M2.5

    RPC M2.5

    45問 • 1年前
    E

    RPC M3

    RPC M3

    E · 51問 · 1年前

    RPC M3

    RPC M3

    51問 • 1年前
    E

    問題一覧

  • 1

    invented x-ray grid in 1913

    Dr. Gustav Bucky

  • 2

    working ability of a grid is described, ratio of height

    Grid Ratio

  • 3

    Grid Ratio used for Greater than 90 kVp - for 20-40 kVp (mammography)- for 70-90 kVp -

    - 12:1 - 5:1 - 8:1

  • 4

    ratio of incident radiation

    Bucky Factor

  • 5

    no actual grid, latest innovation for scatter radiation

    Virtual Grid

  • 6

    strips are slightly angled, used at specified focal distance

    Focused Grid

  • 7

    used for short or long distance

    Parallel Grid

  • 8

    eliminates fine grid lines

    Moving Grid

  • 9

    Layers of Intensifying Screen BRLP

    - Base - Reflective Layer - Luminescent Layer/Phosphor Layer - Protective Layer

  • 10

    What phosphor layer emits blue light? CT & LO

    - Calcium Tungstate - Lanthanum Oxybromide

  • 11

    What phosphor layer emits green light? G.0

    Gadolinium Oxysulfide

  • 12

    Rare Earth Elements GLY

    Gadolinium Lanthanum Yttrium

  • 13

    * film sensitive to UV, Blue, Green Light * film sensitive to UV & Blue Light

    - Orthrochromatic Films - Conventional Films

  • 14

    2 Processing Errors that affect density

    - Underdevelopment - Overdevelopment

  • 15

    processing that requires rigorous quality control

    Automatic Processing

  • 16

    controls density of radiograph

    mAs

  • 17

    What Scatter is Decreased, Contrast is what?

    Increased

  • 18

    magnifying the anatomical structure, usually caused by increased OID

    Size Distortion

  • 19

    can be controlled by proper exposure factor

    Magnification

  • 20

    misinterpretation of shape, controlled by alignment of beam, referred as true distortion

    Shape Distortion

  • 21

    Influencing factors of shape distortion include: CB

    - Central ray angulation - Body part rotation

  • 22

    central portion of the beam

    Central Ray

  • 23

    number used to change one set of units

    Technique Conversion Factors

  • 24

    alters intensity of beam

    SID

  • 25

    - compromise visibility of detail - degree of overall blackening

    Density

  • 26

    describe concept of density displayed on soft copy monitor, amount of luminescence

    Brightness

  • 27

    describe the digital processing that produce change

    Window Level

  • 28

    5 Factors affecting density KFABA

    - kVp, mAs - focal spot - anode heel effect - beam restriction - anatomical part

  • 29

    effect that alters intensity

    Anode Heel Effect

  • 30

    great deal of influence on IR and film density

    Anatomical Part

  • 31

    affects recorded detail, fails enough time for image to form

    Motion

  • 32

    * patient based artifact that occur with voluntary and involuntary movement * under the direct control of patient * not under the control of patient

    - Motion Artifact - Voluntary Motion - Involuntary Motion

  • 33

    technique used to track movement of objects with xrays ex. cartilage

    X-ray Motion Analysis

  • 34

    instrument that provides a read of amount of blackening or density

    Densitometer

  • 35

    unwanted absorption of x-rays via an x-ray grid

    Grid Cut Off

  • 36

    to minimize distortion

    Target Object Film Alignment

  • 37

    Use only the SID distances of?

    40” 56” 72”

  • 38

    What do with mAs when distance increases? when distance decreases?

    - double mAs - halve mAs

  • 39

    Restricting beam does what? RN, RA, RO

    - reduce number of photons - reduce amount of scatter radiation - reduce overall IR exposure & film density

  • 40

    Scatter rad is produced when? HL

    - high kVp - large anatomic size

  • 41

    can alter absorption characteristics of anatomic part

    Pathologic Conditions

  • 42

    - conditions that increase absorption characteristics, making it difficult to penetrate - conditions that decrease the absorption characteristics, making part easier to penetrate

    - Additive Diseases - Destructive Diseases

  • 43

    BEST METHODS IN REDUCING MOTION IN ORDER

    1st - Communication 2nd - Reduce Exposure Time 3rd - Immobilization

  • 44

    major controller of image resolution and penumbra

    Focal Spot Size

  • 45

    - what focal spot reduces bluriness or penumbra effect and is used where spatial resolution is important (mammography) - what focal spot results in more unsharpness and reduced recorded detail, used when shorter exposure time is prio

    - Small Focal Spot - Large Focal Spot

  • 46

    The ________ between source or focal spot, object, part and image receptor are critical in establishing sufficient recorded detail

    Distance

  • 47

    when OID is decreased, resolution is ________ when SID is increased, resolution and recorded detail is ________

    - increased - increased

  • 48

    distance between focal spot and radiographic film

    Focal Film Distance

  • 49

    - lower x-ray beam intensity - need higher mAs to prevent underexposure

    - Greater FFD - Longer FFD

  • 50

    commonly classified by speed

    Film/Screen Combination

  • 51

    Slow Film Screen Combination equals to better or worse resolution?

    Better

  • 52

    helps control geometric distortion and grid cut off

    Tube-object film alignment

  • 53

    degree to which radiation is attenuated, depends on cell component, relative atomic no, thickness, cell density

    Patient Factors

  • 54

    - anything that changes the nature of radiation beam - purpose is scatter control

    Beam Modification

  • 55

    - filtration from components of x-ray tube - filtration from interchangeable metal sheets

    Inherent Filtration Added Filtration

  • 56

    filtration used in mammography

    Beryllium

  • 57

    Diagnostic X-ray Beams are _________ (meaning spectrum of many diff energies)

    Polychromatic

  • 58

    substance that attenuates the beam to a different degree than surrounding tissue

    Contrast Media