4 Purpose of Exposure Factor Formulation IPRD

Prime exposure factors are? KMES

- primary control of x ray beam quality and therefore beam penetrability. - controls the scale of contrast on the finished radiograph.

this level of kVp results in reduced imaged contrast.

determines the number of x rays produced and therefore the radiation quantity and therefore the patient radiation dose.

purpose is not to minimize patient radiation dose but to rather minimize motion blur thatb can occur because of the patient motion.

- affects exposure of the image receptor according to the inverse square law. - largely determines the intensity of the x ray beam at the image receptor.

involves manipulating exposure parameters such as SID ,OID, kVp and mAs.

When __ decreases, resolution is improved as well as when SID increases.

- device that measure the quantity of radiation that reaches the image receptor. - automatically terminates the exposure when the image receptor has received the required radiation intensity. - designed to compensate for changes in patient thickness. - system used to terminate length of exposure in order to control the amount of radiation reaching the IR.

designed to compensate for changes in patient thickness. Patient consideration in factor formulation is crucial for ensuring optimal image quality while lowering radiation exposure.

________ also important to assess when performing exposure factors. _________ to contrast media should also be discussed thoroughly with the patient.

- advantage of digital radiographic imaging over screen film is the ability to manipulate the image before and after display. - Preprocessing and post processing, they alter image appearance, usually for the purpose of improving image contrast.

in digital radiography involves use of flat panel detector or other digital sensors to capture images.

3 Factors to Consider in exposure standardization PCP

its size and composition influemce radiographic technique.

Under this, the Radiographer must estimate the mass density of the anatomical part and the range of mass densities involved.

involves evaluation of the patient. Patients size, shape and physical condition greatly influenced the required radiographic technique.

maintains exposure by changing kVp for different part size. Changes by 2 kVp for every cm of part size (4-6 cm rule)

maintains exposure by changing mAs for different part size. Double or halve mAs for every 4-5 cm part size

maintains exposure when kVp is changed

For every 4-5 cm change in thickness, change mAs by factor of what?

characteristics of radiographic image including OPTICAL DENSITY, IMAGE CONTRAST, IMAGE DETAIL AND DISTORTION.

function of this in the image is to make anatomy more visible. It is necessary for the outline or border of a structure to be visible.

Type of Image Processing MAD

5 Choice of Technique System MAAPI

requires the radiographer to manually adjust exposure factors(kVp, mAs) based on factors such as the patient habitus, the anatomical part, and the type of examination.

built in sensors in most radiographic units. It automatically adjust exposure parameters such as MAs, based on the amount of radiation reaching the IR.

allows selection of a specific body part and position, resulting in display of preprogrammed exposure factors. These may include AEC information.

- directly proportional to the exposure time (mAs).

are viewed on high quality monitors and can be manipulated post-process. PACS facilitates storage, retrieval, and distribution of images, while DICOM standards ensure seamless communication between systems. In contrast conventional film based radiography relies on chemical processing for image development.

Digital radiography has significantly advanced medical imaging with techniques to ensure optimal image density. What techniques? HA