- Strongest force out of the four fundamental forces of nature. - Binds the fundamental particles of matter (Nucleons) to form larger particles. - Holds together the quarks (what makes up protons and neutrons). - Transmitted by gluons between quarks which "glue" the quarks together. (effect gets weaker)

- Responsible for particle decay. - Changing of one type of subatomic particle into another. - Critical for the nuclear fusion reactions that power the sun and produce energy.

- Acts between charged particles. - Can be felt from an infinite distance. - Also known as Lorentz force.

acts between charged particles whether they're moving or stationary creating a field.

is created when charged particles move

- The oldest known fundamental force. - The most intuitive and familiar of the fundamental forces. - It is the attraction between two objects that have mass or energy. - Weakest of the fundamental forces, especially at the molecular and atomic scales

study of stationary electric charges

may be positively or negatively - This blank of electrons and protons have the same magnitude but opposite charges

are often free to travel from the outermost shell of one atom to another - smallest unit of electric charge

are fixed inside the nucleus of an atom and are not free to move

- can be achieved by FRICTION, CONTACT, INDUCTION - An object can be said to be electrified if it has too few or too many electrons - Some outer shell electrons are loosely bound and can be removed easily which causes electrification of substances

fundamental unit of electric charge

How many electric charges in 1 coulomb

force of attraction between unlike charges or repulsion between like charges

points outward from a positive charge and toward a negative charge.

It is the study of electric charges in motion and recognized as the phenomena of electricity.

directly proportional to the product of the electrostatic charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them (coulomb’s law)

what is the constant of proportionality,

also known as electricity measured in ampere - Occurs when electric potential (Voltage) is applied to objects then electrons move along that object. - Occurs in many types of objects and range from the very small currents of the human body - Flows through a conductor and prevented by insulators

Electrons that flow only in one direction.

Electrons that flow alternately in opposite directions.

A graph that diagrams the phenomenon of DC and shows how it can be described

the current waveform that represents time.

represents amplitude of the electric

the result of controlling electric resistance and making the conductor into a closed path.

The voltage across the total circuit or any portion of the circuit is equal to the current times the resistance.

when all current elements are connected in a line along the same conductor

- The sum of the voltages across each circuit element is equal to the total circuit - The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. - The current through each circuit element is the same and is equal to the total circuit current.

contains elements that are connected at their ends rather than lying in a line along a conductor

- The sum of the currents through each circuit element is equal to the total circuit current. - The total resistance is the inverse of the sum of the reciprocals of each individual resistance. - The voltage across each circuit element is the same and is equal to the total circuit voltage.

measured in watts - Commonly used in household electric appliances such as toasters, blenders, and radios. - Household appliances = 500 to 1500 W of this - Light bulbs = 30 to 150 W of this

- can be achieved by friction, contact, induction