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RPC M2
64問 • 1年前
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    問題一覧

  • 1

    discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895

    Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

  • 2

    where Roentgen worked at when he discovered X-rays

    Wurzburg University

  • 3

    observed through a partially evacuated glass.

    Cathode Rays

  • 4

    partially evacuated glass tube, FORERUNNER for modern fluorescent lamps and x-ray tubes at the time

    Crookes tube

  • 5

    the plate where the X-ray went was coated with this

    Barium Photocyanide

  • 6

    called the glow of the barium photocyanide

    Fluoroscence

  • 7

    what roentgen originally called x-rays, X as the symbol for the unknown

    X-light

  • 8

    the date where Roentgen was able to report his experiment to the scientific community

    December 1895

  • 9

    year when Roentgen produced the first medical x-ray image using his wife’s hand

    1896

  • 10

    total time that Roentgen needed to discover almost all properties of X-ray

    1 month

  • 11

    wife of Wilhelm Roentgen, first person to have her hand imaged

    Anna Bertha Ludwig

  • 12

    discovery of x-rays were?

    Accidental

  • 13

    on this date in the U.S, the first x-ray examination was conducted. observed at the physics laboratory of Dartmouth College

    February 1886

  • 14

    first patient, who broke his wrist, in the U.S. to have an x-ray procedure.

    Eddie McCarthy

  • 15

    developed the Fluoroscope and investigated the fluorescent properties of 1800 other materials and Zinc Cadmium Sulfide and Calcium Tungstate.

    Thomas A. Edison

  • 16

    experienced severe radiation burns and died in 1904, becoming the first x-ray fatality in the United States.

    Clarence Dally

  • 17

    3 Radiation Injuries

    Skin Damage, Loss of hair, Anemia

  • 18

    uses a film or solid-state image receptor and an x-ray tube that can be moved in any direction which will provide a fixed image.

    Radiography

  • 19

    conducted with an x-ray tube located underneath the table and provides moving images on a television or a flat panel display.

    Fluoroscopy

  • 20

    uses a rotating x-ray source and detector array to provide fixed images that can be reconstructed in any plane

    Computed Tomography

  • 21

    demonstrated the use of intensifying screens in 1896. development of Intensifying Screens helped reduce exposure time.

    Michael Pupin

  • 22

    exposed two glass x-ray plates with the emulsion surfaces together, exposure time was halved and the image was enhanced which introduced the double emulsion film

    Charles L. Leonard

  • 23

    were used instead of glass as WW1 began because of supplies getting interrupted

    Film

  • 24

    apparent substitute than the glass plate

    Cellulose Nitrate

  • 25

    A Boston Dentist INTRODUCED TWO DEVICES that REDUCE EXPOSURE OF PATIENTS to x-rays and thereby minimize the possibility of x-ray burns. RESTRICTING THE BEAM with a sheet of lead with a hole in the center called a diaphragm and inserting a leather or aluminum filter improved the diagnostic quality of radiographs. This paved the way for the adoption of COLLIMATION and FILTRATION

    William Rollins

  • 26

    Introduced the Interrupter less Transformer. SUBSTITUTE FOR STATIC MACHINES and INDUCTION COILS in use at the time. this transformer greatly exceeded the capabilities of the Crookes tube.

    H.C Snook

  • 27

    Introduced the hot-cathode tube or the Coolidge tube in 1913. Far superior than the Crookes tube. Allowed x-ray INTENSITY AND ENERGY to be selected separately and with great accuracy which was not available with gas-filled tubes. Coolidge tubes are used in x-ray tubes today.

    William D. Coolidge

  • 28

    light amplifier tube for fluoroscopy

    Belle Telephone Laboratories

  • 29

    Component of the x-ray imaging system rarely seen by the radiologic technologist. Contained in a protective housing.

    X-ray Tube

  • 30

    Stationary Grid (Glitterblende)

    Gustav Bucky Grid

  • 31

    Moving Grid

    Potter-Bucky Grid

  • 32

    Most frequently used. Consists of two perpendicular sets of ceiling-mounted rails. Allows longitudinal and transverse travel of the x-ray tube. A telescoping structure attaches the x-ray tube housing to the rails.

    Ceiling Support System

  • 33

    A term used when the x-ray tube is centered above the examination table at the standard SID

    Preferred Detent Position

  • 34

    Has a single column with rollers at each end. The x-ray tube slides up and down the column as the column rotates.

    Floor to Ceiling Support System

  • 35

    Often equipped in Interventional Radiology suites. Variations: L-Arm and U-arm The system is ceiling mounted and provides very flexible x-ray tube positioning.

    C-Arm Support System

  • 36

    - Guard against excessive radiation exposure, electric shock, and leakage radiation. - This also incorporates specially designed high-voltage receptacles to protect against accidental electric shock. - Provides MECHANICAL SUPPORT for the x-ray tube and protects it from damage caused by rough handling. - x-rays emitted through its window are useful beams

    Protective Housing

  • 37

    special section of the x-ray tube to which x-rays are emitted through.

    Window

  • 38

    Acts as insulators against electric shock Thermal cushion for heat dissipation

    Oil

  • 39

    activated so as the x-ray tube cannot be used until it cools down

    Microswitch

  • 40

    Contains the components of the x-ray tube and creates an electronic vacuum tube. 30 to 50 cm long and 20 cm in diameter. Made of Pyrex glass (Enables the x-ray tube to withstand tremendous heat generated) Vacuum allows for more x-ray production and longer tube life.

    Glass Enclosure

  • 41

    can reduce electron flow, reduce x-rays produced, produce more heat

    Presence of gas in x-ray tube

  • 42

    contained controlled quantities of gas

    Crookes tube

  • 43

    vacuum tubes that has no gas inside

    Coolidge Tube

  • 44

    An improvement in x-ray tube design. As a glass tube ages, parts of the Tungsten target vaporizes and coat the inside of the enclosure.

    Metal Enclosure

  • 45

    causes alteration of the electrical properties of the tube, allowing tube current to stray and interact with the glass enclosure. Result: Arcing and Tube Failure. This also maintain a constant electric potential between the electrons of the tube current and the enclosure. Longer life and less likely to fail.

    Metal Enclosure

  • 46

    Negative side of the x-ray tube. Primary parts: Filament and Focusing Cup

    Cathode

  • 47

    Coil of wire through which an electric current is conducted causing it to glow and emit large quantity of heat. This emits electrons when it is fully heated. Size: 2mm in diameter; 1 or 2 cm in length Made of THORIATED TUNGSTEN

    Filament

  • 48

    Provides higher rate for ejection of electrons from the filament (Thermionic Emission) Melting point of 3410 degrees Celsius (Thorium and Tungsten) Does not vaporize easily vaporizes over time and is deposited to the internal components causing arcing and lead to tube failure

    Tungsten

  • 49

    Adding 1% to 2% of this to the tungsten enhances thermionic emission and prolongs tube life

    Thorium

  • 50

    A metal shroud where the filament is embedded. Electron beam tends to spread out owing to electrostatic repulsion and miss the anode. This is negatively charged so that it electrostatically confines the electron beam to a small area of the anode

    Focusing Cup

  • 51

    Positive side of the x-ray tube. This conducts electricity, radiates heat, and contains the target. Three functions of this are Electrical Conductor Mechanical Support for the target Thermal Dissipator

    Anode

  • 52

    two types of anode

    Stationary & Rotating

  • 53

    3 Common anode materials

    * Copper * Molybdenum * Graphite

  • 54

    Used dental x-ray imaging. Does not move when an x-ray exposure occurs. Tungsten Alloy embedded in the copper

    Stationary Anode

  • 55

    Used in general purpose x-ray. Must be capable of producing high intensity x-ray beams in a short time. Allows electrons beam to interact with a much larger target area. Heat is not confined to a small area. 3400 rpm. 10,000 rpm for high capacity x-ray tubes.

    Rotating Anode

  • 56

    base of an anode

    Graphite

  • 57

    target part of anode

    Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy

  • 58

    parts holding the target of the anode

    Molybdenum

  • 59

    2 elements that have lower mass density than tungsten making the anode lighter and easier to rotate

    Graphite and Molybdenum

  • 60

    form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes in the metal

    Pitting (Bubbling)

  • 61

    Why a tungsten target?

    - High atomic number (74) - High thermal conductivity, efficient metal for dissipating the heat - A high melting point (3400 degrees Celsius) Can stand under high tube current without pitting or bubbling - High atomic number (74)

  • 62

    Powers the rotating anode. Works by electromagnetic induction.

    Induction Motor

  • 63

    Located outside of the glass envelope. Consists of series of electromagnets equally spaced around the neck of the tube. Can be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. Sends pulses of energy to the rotor which makes it rotate in the anode

    Stator

  • 64

    Shaft inside the glass envelope. Made of copper and iron fabricated into one mass. Allows the anode target to rotate once electricity is supplied.

    Rotor

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895

    Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

  • 2

    where Roentgen worked at when he discovered X-rays

    Wurzburg University

  • 3

    observed through a partially evacuated glass.

    Cathode Rays

  • 4

    partially evacuated glass tube, FORERUNNER for modern fluorescent lamps and x-ray tubes at the time

    Crookes tube

  • 5

    the plate where the X-ray went was coated with this

    Barium Photocyanide

  • 6

    called the glow of the barium photocyanide

    Fluoroscence

  • 7

    what roentgen originally called x-rays, X as the symbol for the unknown

    X-light

  • 8

    the date where Roentgen was able to report his experiment to the scientific community

    December 1895

  • 9

    year when Roentgen produced the first medical x-ray image using his wife’s hand

    1896

  • 10

    total time that Roentgen needed to discover almost all properties of X-ray

    1 month

  • 11

    wife of Wilhelm Roentgen, first person to have her hand imaged

    Anna Bertha Ludwig

  • 12

    discovery of x-rays were?

    Accidental

  • 13

    on this date in the U.S, the first x-ray examination was conducted. observed at the physics laboratory of Dartmouth College

    February 1886

  • 14

    first patient, who broke his wrist, in the U.S. to have an x-ray procedure.

    Eddie McCarthy

  • 15

    developed the Fluoroscope and investigated the fluorescent properties of 1800 other materials and Zinc Cadmium Sulfide and Calcium Tungstate.

    Thomas A. Edison

  • 16

    experienced severe radiation burns and died in 1904, becoming the first x-ray fatality in the United States.

    Clarence Dally

  • 17

    3 Radiation Injuries

    Skin Damage, Loss of hair, Anemia

  • 18

    uses a film or solid-state image receptor and an x-ray tube that can be moved in any direction which will provide a fixed image.

    Radiography

  • 19

    conducted with an x-ray tube located underneath the table and provides moving images on a television or a flat panel display.

    Fluoroscopy

  • 20

    uses a rotating x-ray source and detector array to provide fixed images that can be reconstructed in any plane

    Computed Tomography

  • 21

    demonstrated the use of intensifying screens in 1896. development of Intensifying Screens helped reduce exposure time.

    Michael Pupin

  • 22

    exposed two glass x-ray plates with the emulsion surfaces together, exposure time was halved and the image was enhanced which introduced the double emulsion film

    Charles L. Leonard

  • 23

    were used instead of glass as WW1 began because of supplies getting interrupted

    Film

  • 24

    apparent substitute than the glass plate

    Cellulose Nitrate

  • 25

    A Boston Dentist INTRODUCED TWO DEVICES that REDUCE EXPOSURE OF PATIENTS to x-rays and thereby minimize the possibility of x-ray burns. RESTRICTING THE BEAM with a sheet of lead with a hole in the center called a diaphragm and inserting a leather or aluminum filter improved the diagnostic quality of radiographs. This paved the way for the adoption of COLLIMATION and FILTRATION

    William Rollins

  • 26

    Introduced the Interrupter less Transformer. SUBSTITUTE FOR STATIC MACHINES and INDUCTION COILS in use at the time. this transformer greatly exceeded the capabilities of the Crookes tube.

    H.C Snook

  • 27

    Introduced the hot-cathode tube or the Coolidge tube in 1913. Far superior than the Crookes tube. Allowed x-ray INTENSITY AND ENERGY to be selected separately and with great accuracy which was not available with gas-filled tubes. Coolidge tubes are used in x-ray tubes today.

    William D. Coolidge

  • 28

    light amplifier tube for fluoroscopy

    Belle Telephone Laboratories

  • 29

    Component of the x-ray imaging system rarely seen by the radiologic technologist. Contained in a protective housing.

    X-ray Tube

  • 30

    Stationary Grid (Glitterblende)

    Gustav Bucky Grid

  • 31

    Moving Grid

    Potter-Bucky Grid

  • 32

    Most frequently used. Consists of two perpendicular sets of ceiling-mounted rails. Allows longitudinal and transverse travel of the x-ray tube. A telescoping structure attaches the x-ray tube housing to the rails.

    Ceiling Support System

  • 33

    A term used when the x-ray tube is centered above the examination table at the standard SID

    Preferred Detent Position

  • 34

    Has a single column with rollers at each end. The x-ray tube slides up and down the column as the column rotates.

    Floor to Ceiling Support System

  • 35

    Often equipped in Interventional Radiology suites. Variations: L-Arm and U-arm The system is ceiling mounted and provides very flexible x-ray tube positioning.

    C-Arm Support System

  • 36

    - Guard against excessive radiation exposure, electric shock, and leakage radiation. - This also incorporates specially designed high-voltage receptacles to protect against accidental electric shock. - Provides MECHANICAL SUPPORT for the x-ray tube and protects it from damage caused by rough handling. - x-rays emitted through its window are useful beams

    Protective Housing

  • 37

    special section of the x-ray tube to which x-rays are emitted through.

    Window

  • 38

    Acts as insulators against electric shock Thermal cushion for heat dissipation

    Oil

  • 39

    activated so as the x-ray tube cannot be used until it cools down

    Microswitch

  • 40

    Contains the components of the x-ray tube and creates an electronic vacuum tube. 30 to 50 cm long and 20 cm in diameter. Made of Pyrex glass (Enables the x-ray tube to withstand tremendous heat generated) Vacuum allows for more x-ray production and longer tube life.

    Glass Enclosure

  • 41

    can reduce electron flow, reduce x-rays produced, produce more heat

    Presence of gas in x-ray tube

  • 42

    contained controlled quantities of gas

    Crookes tube

  • 43

    vacuum tubes that has no gas inside

    Coolidge Tube

  • 44

    An improvement in x-ray tube design. As a glass tube ages, parts of the Tungsten target vaporizes and coat the inside of the enclosure.

    Metal Enclosure

  • 45

    causes alteration of the electrical properties of the tube, allowing tube current to stray and interact with the glass enclosure. Result: Arcing and Tube Failure. This also maintain a constant electric potential between the electrons of the tube current and the enclosure. Longer life and less likely to fail.

    Metal Enclosure

  • 46

    Negative side of the x-ray tube. Primary parts: Filament and Focusing Cup

    Cathode

  • 47

    Coil of wire through which an electric current is conducted causing it to glow and emit large quantity of heat. This emits electrons when it is fully heated. Size: 2mm in diameter; 1 or 2 cm in length Made of THORIATED TUNGSTEN

    Filament

  • 48

    Provides higher rate for ejection of electrons from the filament (Thermionic Emission) Melting point of 3410 degrees Celsius (Thorium and Tungsten) Does not vaporize easily vaporizes over time and is deposited to the internal components causing arcing and lead to tube failure

    Tungsten

  • 49

    Adding 1% to 2% of this to the tungsten enhances thermionic emission and prolongs tube life

    Thorium

  • 50

    A metal shroud where the filament is embedded. Electron beam tends to spread out owing to electrostatic repulsion and miss the anode. This is negatively charged so that it electrostatically confines the electron beam to a small area of the anode

    Focusing Cup

  • 51

    Positive side of the x-ray tube. This conducts electricity, radiates heat, and contains the target. Three functions of this are Electrical Conductor Mechanical Support for the target Thermal Dissipator

    Anode

  • 52

    two types of anode

    Stationary & Rotating

  • 53

    3 Common anode materials

    * Copper * Molybdenum * Graphite

  • 54

    Used dental x-ray imaging. Does not move when an x-ray exposure occurs. Tungsten Alloy embedded in the copper

    Stationary Anode

  • 55

    Used in general purpose x-ray. Must be capable of producing high intensity x-ray beams in a short time. Allows electrons beam to interact with a much larger target area. Heat is not confined to a small area. 3400 rpm. 10,000 rpm for high capacity x-ray tubes.

    Rotating Anode

  • 56

    base of an anode

    Graphite

  • 57

    target part of anode

    Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy

  • 58

    parts holding the target of the anode

    Molybdenum

  • 59

    2 elements that have lower mass density than tungsten making the anode lighter and easier to rotate

    Graphite and Molybdenum

  • 60

    form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes in the metal

    Pitting (Bubbling)

  • 61

    Why a tungsten target?

    - High atomic number (74) - High thermal conductivity, efficient metal for dissipating the heat - A high melting point (3400 degrees Celsius) Can stand under high tube current without pitting or bubbling - High atomic number (74)

  • 62

    Powers the rotating anode. Works by electromagnetic induction.

    Induction Motor

  • 63

    Located outside of the glass envelope. Consists of series of electromagnets equally spaced around the neck of the tube. Can be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. Sends pulses of energy to the rotor which makes it rotate in the anode

    Stator

  • 64

    Shaft inside the glass envelope. Made of copper and iron fabricated into one mass. Allows the anode target to rotate once electricity is supplied.

    Rotor