RPC M2

64問 • 1年前

通報

問題一覧

discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

where Roentgen worked at when he discovered X-rays

Wurzburg University

observed through a partially evacuated glass.

Cathode Rays

partially evacuated glass tube, FORERUNNER for modern fluorescent lamps and x-ray tubes at the time

Crookes tube

the plate where the X-ray went was coated with this

Barium Photocyanide

called the glow of the barium photocyanide

Fluoroscence

what roentgen originally called x-rays, X as the symbol for the unknown

X-light

the date where Roentgen was able to report his experiment to the scientific community

December 1895

year when Roentgen produced the first medical x-ray image using his wife’s hand

1896

total time that Roentgen needed to discover almost all properties of X-ray

1 month

wife of Wilhelm Roentgen, first person to have her hand imaged

Anna Bertha Ludwig

discovery of x-rays were?

Accidental

on this date in the U.S, the first x-ray examination was conducted. observed at the physics laboratory of Dartmouth College

February 1886

first patient, who broke his wrist, in the U.S. to have an x-ray procedure.

Eddie McCarthy

developed the Fluoroscope and investigated the fluorescent properties of 1800 other materials and Zinc Cadmium Sulfide and Calcium Tungstate.

Thomas A. Edison

experienced severe radiation burns and died in 1904, becoming the first x-ray fatality in the United States.

Clarence Dally

3 Radiation Injuries

Skin Damage, Loss of hair, Anemia

uses a film or solid-state image receptor and an x-ray tube that can be moved in any direction which will provide a fixed image.

Radiography

conducted with an x-ray tube located underneath the table and provides moving images on a television or a flat panel display.

Fluoroscopy

uses a rotating x-ray source and detector array to provide fixed images that can be reconstructed in any plane

Computed Tomography

demonstrated the use of intensifying screens in 1896. development of Intensifying Screens helped reduce exposure time.

Michael Pupin

exposed two glass x-ray plates with the emulsion surfaces together, exposure time was halved and the image was enhanced which introduced the double emulsion film

Charles L. Leonard

were used instead of glass as WW1 began because of supplies getting interrupted

Film

apparent substitute than the glass plate

Cellulose Nitrate

A Boston Dentist INTRODUCED TWO DEVICES that REDUCE EXPOSURE OF PATIENTS to x-rays and thereby minimize the possibility of x-ray burns. RESTRICTING THE BEAM with a sheet of lead with a hole in the center called a diaphragm and inserting a leather or aluminum filter improved the diagnostic quality of radiographs. This paved the way for the adoption of COLLIMATION and FILTRATION

William Rollins

Introduced the Interrupter less Transformer. SUBSTITUTE FOR STATIC MACHINES and INDUCTION COILS in use at the time. this transformer greatly exceeded the capabilities of the Crookes tube.

H.C Snook

Introduced the hot-cathode tube or the Coolidge tube in 1913. Far superior than the Crookes tube. Allowed x-ray INTENSITY AND ENERGY to be selected separately and with great accuracy which was not available with gas-filled tubes. Coolidge tubes are used in x-ray tubes today.

William D. Coolidge

light amplifier tube for fluoroscopy

Belle Telephone Laboratories

Component of the x-ray imaging system rarely seen by the radiologic technologist. Contained in a protective housing.

X-ray Tube

Stationary Grid (Glitterblende)

Gustav Bucky Grid

Moving Grid

Potter-Bucky Grid

Most frequently used. Consists of two perpendicular sets of ceiling-mounted rails. Allows longitudinal and transverse travel of the x-ray tube. A telescoping structure attaches the x-ray tube housing to the rails.

Ceiling Support System

A term used when the x-ray tube is centered above the examination table at the standard SID

Preferred Detent Position

Has a single column with rollers at each end. The x-ray tube slides up and down the column as the column rotates.

Floor to Ceiling Support System

Often equipped in Interventional Radiology suites. Variations: L-Arm and U-arm The system is ceiling mounted and provides very flexible x-ray tube positioning.

C-Arm Support System

- Guard against excessive radiation exposure, electric shock, and leakage radiation. - This also incorporates specially designed high-voltage receptacles to protect against accidental electric shock. - Provides MECHANICAL SUPPORT for the x-ray tube and protects it from damage caused by rough handling. - x-rays emitted through its window are useful beams

Protective Housing

special section of the x-ray tube to which x-rays are emitted through.

Window

Acts as insulators against electric shock Thermal cushion for heat dissipation

Oil

activated so as the x-ray tube cannot be used until it cools down

Microswitch

Contains the components of the x-ray tube and creates an electronic vacuum tube. 30 to 50 cm long and 20 cm in diameter. Made of Pyrex glass (Enables the x-ray tube to withstand tremendous heat generated) Vacuum allows for more x-ray production and longer tube life.

Glass Enclosure

can reduce electron flow, reduce x-rays produced, produce more heat

Presence of gas in x-ray tube

contained controlled quantities of gas

Crookes tube

vacuum tubes that has no gas inside

Coolidge Tube

An improvement in x-ray tube design. As a glass tube ages, parts of the Tungsten target vaporizes and coat the inside of the enclosure.

Metal Enclosure

causes alteration of the electrical properties of the tube, allowing tube current to stray and interact with the glass enclosure. Result: Arcing and Tube Failure. This also maintain a constant electric potential between the electrons of the tube current and the enclosure. Longer life and less likely to fail.

Metal Enclosure

Negative side of the x-ray tube. Primary parts: Filament and Focusing Cup

Cathode

Coil of wire through which an electric current is conducted causing it to glow and emit large quantity of heat. This emits electrons when it is fully heated. Size: 2mm in diameter; 1 or 2 cm in length Made of THORIATED TUNGSTEN

Filament

Provides higher rate for ejection of electrons from the filament (Thermionic Emission) Melting point of 3410 degrees Celsius (Thorium and Tungsten) Does not vaporize easily vaporizes over time and is deposited to the internal components causing arcing and lead to tube failure

Tungsten

Adding 1% to 2% of this to the tungsten enhances thermionic emission and prolongs tube life

Thorium

A metal shroud where the filament is embedded. Electron beam tends to spread out owing to electrostatic repulsion and miss the anode. This is negatively charged so that it electrostatically confines the electron beam to a small area of the anode

Focusing Cup

Positive side of the x-ray tube. This conducts electricity, radiates heat, and contains the target. Three functions of this are Electrical Conductor Mechanical Support for the target Thermal Dissipator

Anode

two types of anode

Stationary & Rotating

3 Common anode materials

* Copper * Molybdenum * Graphite

Used dental x-ray imaging. Does not move when an x-ray exposure occurs. Tungsten Alloy embedded in the copper

Stationary Anode

Used in general purpose x-ray. Must be capable of producing high intensity x-ray beams in a short time. Allows electrons beam to interact with a much larger target area. Heat is not confined to a small area. 3400 rpm. 10,000 rpm for high capacity x-ray tubes.

Rotating Anode

base of an anode

Graphite

target part of anode

Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy

parts holding the target of the anode

Molybdenum

2 elements that have lower mass density than tungsten making the anode lighter and easier to rotate

Graphite and Molybdenum

form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes in the metal

Pitting (Bubbling)

Why a tungsten target?

- High atomic number (74) - High thermal conductivity, efficient metal for dissipating the heat - A high melting point (3400 degrees Celsius) Can stand under high tube current without pitting or bubbling - High atomic number (74)

Powers the rotating anode. Works by electromagnetic induction.

Induction Motor

Located outside of the glass envelope. Consists of series of electromagnets equally spaced around the neck of the tube. Can be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. Sends pulses of energy to the rotor which makes it rotate in the anode

Stator

Shaft inside the glass envelope. Made of copper and iron fabricated into one mass. Allows the anode target to rotate once electricity is supplied.

Rotor

physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

E · 24問 · 2年前

physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

24問 • 2年前

reproductive academic weaponizer

E · 55問 · 2年前

reproductive academic weaponizer

55問 • 2年前

cells prelim acad weaponizer

E · 24問 · 2年前

cells prelim acad weaponizer

24問 • 2年前

respiratory/body cavities prelim acad weaponizer

E · 20問 · 2年前

respiratory/body cavities prelim acad weaponizer

20問 • 2年前

integumentary prelim acad weaponizer

E · 29問 · 2年前

integumentary prelim acad weaponizer

29問 • 2年前

skeletal prelim acad weaponizer

E · 33問 · 2年前

skeletal prelim acad weaponizer

33問 • 2年前

tissue prelim acad weaponizer

E · 42問 · 2年前

tissue prelim acad weaponizer

42問 • 2年前

membrane prelim acad weaponizer

E · 20問 · 2年前

membrane prelim acad weaponizer

RPC L2

RPC L2

RPC L3

RPC L3

RPC L4

RPC L4

ALE

ALE

RPC L5

RPC L5

RPC M1

RPC M1

RPC M1/2

RPC M1/2

RPC M2.5

RPC M2.5

RPC M3

RPC M3

Midterm

Midterm

MIDTERM

MIDTERM

Midterm

Midterm

RPC F1

RPC F1

FINALS #1

FINALS #1

RPC F2

RPC F2

RPC F3

RPC F3

Finals

Finals

Prelim

Prelim

ISI FINALS PROLOGUE

ISI FINALS PROLOGUE

ISI FINALS EPILOGUE

ISI FINALS EPILOGUE

ISI FINALE

ISI FINALE

Chapter 3.5/4

Chapter 3.5/4

RADBIO 1&2

RADBIO 1&2

RADPRO 1&2

RADPRO 1&2

CHAPTER 4+1 NOT COMPLETE

E · 60問 · 1年前

CHAPTER 4+1 NOT COMPLETE

RADBIO 3

RADBIO 3

RADPRO 3

RADPRO 3

Chapter Left

Chapter Left

POI P1

POI P1

POI P2

POI P2

POI P3

POI P3

QUIZ 4 PART

QUIZ 4 PART

1-3

1-3

4 SECTION PUTA

4 SECTION PUTA

M1 K Ver

M1 K Ver

M2 K Ver

M2 K Ver

1-3

1-3

RAD BIO 4

RAD BIO 4

Awa

Awa

not parts

not parts

RADBIO & RADPRO 5

RADBIO & RADPRO 5

RADBIO & RADPRO 6

RADBIO & RADPRO 6

M4in

M4in

C5 Orig V1

C5 Orig V1

C5 Part 2

C5 Part 2

Urologic Procedures

Urologic Procedures

DRUGS

DRUGS

C5 Orig V2

C5 Orig V2

RAD BIO 7

RAD BIO 7

RAD BIO 8

RAD BIO 8

RAD PRO 6 & 7

RAD PRO 6 & 7

GI Procedures

GI Procedures

Compressed

Compressed

OMY TUBE

OMY TUBE

P2/3

P2/3

BREAST

BREAST

M1 PPT

M1 PPT

F1 Final

F1 Final

SPINE

SPINE

PRELIM FINALE

PRELIM FINALE

MIDTERM FINALE

MIDTERM FINALE

FINALS FINALE

FINALS FINALE

PPT4

PPT4

EXAM BASED

EXAM BASED

EXAM BASED

EXAM BASED

問題一覧

discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

where Roentgen worked at when he discovered X-rays

Wurzburg University

observed through a partially evacuated glass.

Cathode Rays

partially evacuated glass tube, FORERUNNER for modern fluorescent lamps and x-ray tubes at the time

Crookes tube

the plate where the X-ray went was coated with this

Barium Photocyanide

called the glow of the barium photocyanide

Fluoroscence

what roentgen originally called x-rays, X as the symbol for the unknown

X-light

the date where Roentgen was able to report his experiment to the scientific community

December 1895

year when Roentgen produced the first medical x-ray image using his wife’s hand

1896

total time that Roentgen needed to discover almost all properties of X-ray

1 month

wife of Wilhelm Roentgen, first person to have her hand imaged

Anna Bertha Ludwig

discovery of x-rays were?

Accidental

on this date in the U.S, the first x-ray examination was conducted. observed at the physics laboratory of Dartmouth College

February 1886

first patient, who broke his wrist, in the U.S. to have an x-ray procedure.

Eddie McCarthy

developed the Fluoroscope and investigated the fluorescent properties of 1800 other materials and Zinc Cadmium Sulfide and Calcium Tungstate.

Thomas A. Edison

experienced severe radiation burns and died in 1904, becoming the first x-ray fatality in the United States.

Clarence Dally

3 Radiation Injuries

Skin Damage, Loss of hair, Anemia

uses a film or solid-state image receptor and an x-ray tube that can be moved in any direction which will provide a fixed image.

Radiography

conducted with an x-ray tube located underneath the table and provides moving images on a television or a flat panel display.

Fluoroscopy

uses a rotating x-ray source and detector array to provide fixed images that can be reconstructed in any plane

Computed Tomography

demonstrated the use of intensifying screens in 1896. development of Intensifying Screens helped reduce exposure time.

Michael Pupin

exposed two glass x-ray plates with the emulsion surfaces together, exposure time was halved and the image was enhanced which introduced the double emulsion film

Charles L. Leonard

were used instead of glass as WW1 began because of supplies getting interrupted

Film

apparent substitute than the glass plate

Cellulose Nitrate

William Rollins

Introduced the Interrupter less Transformer. SUBSTITUTE FOR STATIC MACHINES and INDUCTION COILS in use at the time. this transformer greatly exceeded the capabilities of the Crookes tube.

H.C Snook

William D. Coolidge

light amplifier tube for fluoroscopy

Belle Telephone Laboratories

Component of the x-ray imaging system rarely seen by the radiologic technologist. Contained in a protective housing.

X-ray Tube

Stationary Grid (Glitterblende)

Gustav Bucky Grid

Moving Grid

Potter-Bucky Grid

Ceiling Support System

A term used when the x-ray tube is centered above the examination table at the standard SID

Preferred Detent Position

Has a single column with rollers at each end. The x-ray tube slides up and down the column as the column rotates.

Floor to Ceiling Support System

Often equipped in Interventional Radiology suites. Variations: L-Arm and U-arm The system is ceiling mounted and provides very flexible x-ray tube positioning.

C-Arm Support System

Protective Housing

special section of the x-ray tube to which x-rays are emitted through.

Window

Acts as insulators against electric shock Thermal cushion for heat dissipation

Oil

activated so as the x-ray tube cannot be used until it cools down

Microswitch

Glass Enclosure

can reduce electron flow, reduce x-rays produced, produce more heat

Presence of gas in x-ray tube

contained controlled quantities of gas

Crookes tube

vacuum tubes that has no gas inside

Coolidge Tube

An improvement in x-ray tube design. As a glass tube ages, parts of the Tungsten target vaporizes and coat the inside of the enclosure.

Metal Enclosure

Negative side of the x-ray tube. Primary parts: Filament and Focusing Cup

Cathode

Filament

Tungsten

Adding 1% to 2% of this to the tungsten enhances thermionic emission and prolongs tube life

Thorium

Focusing Cup

Anode

two types of anode

Stationary & Rotating

3 Common anode materials

* Copper * Molybdenum * Graphite

Used dental x-ray imaging. Does not move when an x-ray exposure occurs. Tungsten Alloy embedded in the copper

Stationary Anode

Rotating Anode

base of an anode

Graphite

target part of anode

Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy

parts holding the target of the anode

Molybdenum

2 elements that have lower mass density than tungsten making the anode lighter and easier to rotate

Graphite and Molybdenum

form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes in the metal

Pitting (Bubbling)

Why a tungsten target?

Powers the rotating anode. Works by electromagnetic induction.

Induction Motor

Stator

Shaft inside the glass envelope. Made of copper and iron fabricated into one mass. Allows the anode target to rotate once electricity is supplied.

Rotor