P2/3

52問 • 10ヶ月前

問題一覧

There are two types of images

Analog & Digital

are the type of images that we, as humans, look at. They include such things as photographs, paintings, TV images, and all of our medical images recorded on film or displayed on various display devices, like computer monitors.

Analog images

are recorded as many numbers.

Digital images

is represented by numerical value

Pixel

is the smallest unit of a digital image, very small, isolated dot that stands for one color

Pixel

Pixel stands for?

Picture Element

square arrangement of numbers in columns and rows, and in digital imaging. composed of pixels

Matrix

is also improved if the field of view (FOV) is decreased for the same matrix size.

Resolution

Functions that can be performed with digital images include: IIIIWFFC

• Image reconstruction • Image reformatting • Image processing • Image analysis • Wide range image data acquisition • Fast image storage and retrieval • Fast and high-quality image distribution • Controlled viewing

digital image is represented in the imaging and computer system by numbers in the form of binary digits called

Bits

each pixel is represented a series of

Bits

the number of bits per pixel

Pixel bit depth

Digital imaging systems and computers can only write how many digits?

two different digits.

A pixel can have only two possible values. What is it? (Colors)

BLACK or WHITE.

determined by the ratio of the actual image size and the size of the image matrix.

Size of a pixel

dimensions of the field of view (FOV) within the patient's body, not the size of a displayed image.

Image size

is the number of pixels along the length and width of an image.

Matrix size

When the field of view (FOV) is reduced, but not changing the matrix size, the pixels become smaller and the visibility of detail is increased or decreased?

Increased

found by multiplying the pixel length and width of the image.

Number of pixels

process of reducing the numerical size of digital images.

Image compression

when there is no loss of image quality, and is commonly used in many medical applications.

Lossless compression

results in some loss of image quality and must be used with care in diagnostic images

Lossee compression

also known as direct digital radiography, uses x-ray-sensitive plates that directly capture data during the patient examination, immediately transferring it to a computer system without the use of an intermediate cassette

Digital radiography

_____ _____ detectors use a combination of ______ _____ detectors with _____ or _____ _____ that convert X-ray to light which is ultimately translated by ___ into digital data.

- Flat panel detectors - amorphous silicon detecors - cesium - Gadolinium scintillators - TFT

most common detector type used in direct digital radiography (DR). The x-rays are converted to electrical charges, either directly or indirectly (x-rays first converted to visible light, then to charges). The charges are then read out using a thin film transistor (TFT) array.

Flat panel detector

is consisting of a transistor, charge collector electrode, and a storage capacitor with amorphous silicon substrate

TFT Active Matrix

digital conversion used for mammography

Direct

• Construction of what detector: • scintillator layer made of cesium iodide (Csl) • photodiode made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) • TFT readout array

Indirect flat panel detector

• Construction of what detector • high voltage electrode • photoconductor layer made of amorphous selenium (a-se) • TFT readout array

Direct flat panel detector

In data acquisition, ____ are collected from the patient.

raw digital data

Digital image processing is divided into two parts:

preprocessing and postprocessing

Ways by which getting radiographic image.

Image Acquisition

3 steps of Raw data acquisition PEE

• Positioning • Exposure Field Alignment & Collimation • Exposure Technique Selection

critical in image acquisition because it will determine if your image is optimal, underexposed, or overexposed.

Exposure Technique Selection

• Main function is to AMPLIFY THE ELECTRICAL SIGNAL produced by the conversion of light from the photodiodes, and to store it in the form of an electrical charge • This is also known as a special type of (MOSFET) Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor

Thin Film Transistor

the semiconductor technology used in most of today's integrated circuits (ICs), also known as chips or microchips. this transistors are based on metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)

• Detectors used in digital radiography for conversion of x-ray photons into electric charge. • This device is also known for its use in the movement of electrical charge. • Made out of silicon for its ability to replace atoms with impurity.

Charge Coupled Device

scanned by a laser within the reader, which is then converted into a grayscale image that is previewed on the monitor ready for editing.

PSP Plate

used to bridge analog and digital circuitry in medical imaging systems to sample and quantify image data.

Analog to Digital Converter

• Known as Automatic Collimation • Main function is to identify the collimated boarders of the exposed field, and eliminates signals from outside area.

Exposure Field Recognition

graphical display of the pixel intensity distributed on an image and provide information about a radiographic technique and associated product.

Histogram

if the histogram is higher on left side what does that mean?

Less exposure

if the histogram is higher on the right side, what does that mean

higher exposure

The histogram is on ____ if merong high signal level and high contrast ang image.

Majority width

if the histogram signal is higher on this side, meaning narrow lang ang range of pixel values. This means pag may narrow range of pixel values, mag produce ng low Signal to Noise Ratio and Low Contrast

Left side

If the histogram signal is on this side mag improve ang Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and magka medium contrast.

Right

- This is done pag sobra or kulang ang exposure para maka produce ng optimal image. This happens para ma display ng tama ang area of interest. - NOT a substitute for using appropriate technically factors, do not solely rely on this feature.

Automatic Rescaling

• This is a series of mathematical equations that are used for post-processing. • This allows gray-scale values in the recorded image to be remapped to new values to improve the final image.

Look up table

• Occurs when fewer pixels are included in the signal average. • useful for enhancing large structures such as organs and soft tissues.

Edge Enhancement

numerical parameter used in computed radiography to inform operators about the amount of exposure to the imaging plate.

Exposure Indicators

- method of radiation dose monitoring, and provides an indication of the radiation dose received by a patient. - measured using an ionization chamber placed between the x-ray tube and the patient.

Dose Area Product

Calibration of CR Reader is Done when?

Weekly

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RPC L2

RPC L2

RPC L3

RPC L3

RPC L4

RPC L4

ALE

ALE

RPC L5

RPC L5

RPC M1

RPC M1

RPC M1/2

RPC M1/2

RPC M2

RPC M2

RPC M2.5

RPC M2.5

RPC M3

RPC M3

問題一覧

There are two types of images

Analog & Digital

Analog images

are recorded as many numbers.

Digital images

is represented by numerical value

Pixel

is the smallest unit of a digital image, very small, isolated dot that stands for one color

Pixel

Pixel stands for?

Picture Element

square arrangement of numbers in columns and rows, and in digital imaging. composed of pixels

Matrix

is also improved if the field of view (FOV) is decreased for the same matrix size.

Resolution

Functions that can be performed with digital images include: IIIIWFFC

digital image is represented in the imaging and computer system by numbers in the form of binary digits called

Bits

each pixel is represented a series of

Bits

the number of bits per pixel

Pixel bit depth

Digital imaging systems and computers can only write how many digits?

two different digits.

A pixel can have only two possible values. What is it? (Colors)

BLACK or WHITE.

determined by the ratio of the actual image size and the size of the image matrix.

Size of a pixel

dimensions of the field of view (FOV) within the patient's body, not the size of a displayed image.

Image size

is the number of pixels along the length and width of an image.

Matrix size

When the field of view (FOV) is reduced, but not changing the matrix size, the pixels become smaller and the visibility of detail is increased or decreased?

Increased

found by multiplying the pixel length and width of the image.

Number of pixels

process of reducing the numerical size of digital images.

Image compression

when there is no loss of image quality, and is commonly used in many medical applications.

Lossless compression

results in some loss of image quality and must be used with care in diagnostic images

Lossee compression

Digital radiography

_____ _____ detectors use a combination of ______ _____ detectors with _____ or _____ _____ that convert X-ray to light which is ultimately translated by ___ into digital data.

- Flat panel detectors - amorphous silicon detecors - cesium - Gadolinium scintillators - TFT

Flat panel detector

is consisting of a transistor, charge collector electrode, and a storage capacitor with amorphous silicon substrate

TFT Active Matrix

digital conversion used for mammography

Direct

• Construction of what detector: • scintillator layer made of cesium iodide (Csl) • photodiode made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) • TFT readout array

Indirect flat panel detector

• Construction of what detector • high voltage electrode • photoconductor layer made of amorphous selenium (a-se) • TFT readout array

Direct flat panel detector

In data acquisition, ____ are collected from the patient.

raw digital data

Digital image processing is divided into two parts:

preprocessing and postprocessing

Ways by which getting radiographic image.

Image Acquisition

3 steps of Raw data acquisition PEE

• Positioning • Exposure Field Alignment & Collimation • Exposure Technique Selection

critical in image acquisition because it will determine if your image is optimal, underexposed, or overexposed.

Exposure Technique Selection

Thin Film Transistor

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)

Charge Coupled Device

scanned by a laser within the reader, which is then converted into a grayscale image that is previewed on the monitor ready for editing.

PSP Plate

used to bridge analog and digital circuitry in medical imaging systems to sample and quantify image data.

Analog to Digital Converter

• Known as Automatic Collimation • Main function is to identify the collimated boarders of the exposed field, and eliminates signals from outside area.

Exposure Field Recognition

graphical display of the pixel intensity distributed on an image and provide information about a radiographic technique and associated product.

Histogram

if the histogram is higher on left side what does that mean?

Less exposure

if the histogram is higher on the right side, what does that mean

higher exposure

The histogram is on ____ if merong high signal level and high contrast ang image.

Majority width

Left side

If the histogram signal is on this side mag improve ang Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and magka medium contrast.

Right

Automatic Rescaling

• This is a series of mathematical equations that are used for post-processing. • This allows gray-scale values in the recorded image to be remapped to new values to improve the final image.

Look up table

• Occurs when fewer pixels are included in the signal average. • useful for enhancing large structures such as organs and soft tissues.

Edge Enhancement

numerical parameter used in computed radiography to inform operators about the amount of exposure to the imaging plate.

Exposure Indicators

- method of radiation dose monitoring, and provides an indication of the radiation dose received by a patient. - measured using an ionization chamber placed between the x-ray tube and the patient.

Dose Area Product

Calibration of CR Reader is Done when?

Weekly