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W2

51問 • 10ヶ月前

問題一覧

are sensitivities to substances called allergens that come into contact with the skin, nose, eyes, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. They can be breathed into the lungs, swallowed, or injected.

Allergic reactions

In an ________ _______ the immune system starts fighting substances that are usually harmless as though these substances were trying to attack the body.

Allergic Reaction

• An allergic reaction is more serous when severe allergic reaction called what? occurs

Anaphylaxis

sudden, severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. It is a medical emergency case.

Anaphylaxis

produces antibodies that defend against foreign substances.

Immune system

Most common cause of anaphylaxis? CFI

1. Certain medications, especially PENILLICIN 2. FOODS, such as peanuts, tree nuts (walnuts, pecans), fish, shellfish, milk and eggs 3. INSECT STINGS from bees, yellow jackets, wasps, hornets and fire ants

• Less common causes of anaphylaxis include: 1. ______, often after eating certain foods. • Anaphylaxis usually happens within minutes of exposure and almost always within ___ hours

- Exercise - Two

severe allergic reaction of rapid onset affecting many body systems. • It is due to the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines from mast cells and basophils, typically due to an immunologic reaction but sometimes non-immunologic mechanism.

Anaphylaxis

8 Anaphylaxis symptoms SFFSCWND

- Skin reactions, including hives along with itching, flushed or pale skin (almost always present with anaphylaxis) - FEELING of impending doom - FEELING of warmth - SENSATION of a lump in your throat - CONSTRICTION of the airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and trouble breathing - WEAK and rapid pulse - NAUSEA vomiting or diarrhea - DIZZINESS or fainting

4 Treatment for Anaphylaxis EOIB

1. Epinephrine (adrenaline) to reduce tho body's allergic response. 2. Oxygen, to help compensate for restricted breathing. 3. Intravenous (IV) antihistamines and cortisone to reduce inflammation of air passages and improve breathing. 4. Beta agonist (such as albuterol) to reliove breathing symptoms.

4 Complication of Anaphylaxis ACRS

• Airway blockage • Cardiac arrest (no effective heartbeat) • Respiratory arrest (no breathing) • Shock

STUDY FIRST AID

- Immediately call your local medical emergency number. - Ask the person if he or she is carrying an epinephrine autoinjector to treat an allergic attack (for example, EpiPon, Twinject), - If the person says he or she needs to use an autoinjector, ask whether you should help inject tho medication. This is usually done by pressing the autonjector against the person's thigh. - Have the person lie still on his or her back. - Loosen tight clothing and cover the person with a blanket. Don't give the person anything to drink. - if there's vomiting or bleeding from the mouth, turn the person on his or her side to prevent choking. -. If there are no signs of breathing, coughing or movement, begin CPR. Do uninterrupted chest presses - about 100 every minute — until paramedics arrive. -. Get emergency treatment even if symptoms start to improve. After anaphylaxis, it's possible for symptoms to recur. Monitoring in a hospital setting for several hours is usually necessary.

an act or threat causing another to be in fear of immediate battery

Assault

intentional harmful or offensive touching or use of force on a person without consent or legal justification

Battery

C.) Litigation Process ICTT

1.) Phase 1: Incident Occurs 2.) Phase 2: Consultation with Attorney 3.) Phase 3: The Trial 4.) Phase 4: The Appeal

an implied concept that the health care worker will provide adequate core to patients

Standard of Care

1.) Improper care of a patient from a health core worker 2.) Responsibility can fall on health care worker or physician

Malpractice

All information discussed about a patient should be on a need to know basis. 2) The most common place confidentiality is breached is in ELEVATORS 3. All patient records and lab results should be in a secure location beyond the site of other patlents or visitors.

Confidentiality

An additional source of medication and contrast administration errors in radiology is confusion caused by

LABELING & PRODUCT CODING

2 Bloodborne Pathogens

1. HEPA B 2. HIV

3 Universal Precautions ONP

1. OSHA Standards 2. Needlestick and Safety Prevention Act 3. PPE

3 Exposure Control NIF

1.) Needlestick injury 2) Incident report 3.] Follow up procedures

CHAIN OF INFECTION ARPMPS

- Agent (Germs) - Reservoir (Where germs live) - Portal of Exit (How germs get out) - Mode of Transmission (Germs get around) - Portal of Entry (How germs get in) - Susceptible Host (Next Sick Person)

6 Ways of Breaking the Chain PIIPAS

1.) Proper hand hygiene 2. Isolation Procedures 3.) Immunizations 4) Proper nutrition 5) Adequate rest 6.) Stress management

has been used in the past to describe measures for reducing and preventing the spread of organisms

Medical asepsis

strict technique to eliminate all microorganisms from an area

Sterile asepsis

When a patient is suspected of having or is confirmed to have certain pathogens or clinical presentations ____ _____ is implemented

Additional precautions

• will prevent transmission of microorganisms from patient to patient, patient to staff, staff to patient, and staff to staff. • must be used by all health care professionals, at all times, with all patients/residents/clients in all health care settings.

Routine practices

8 Types of Waste IPSCPCRN

- Infectious waste - Pathological waste - Sharps waste - Chemical waste - Pharmaceutical waste - Cytotoxic waste - Radioactive waste - Nonhazardous/General waste

waste contaminated with blood and other bodily fluids (eg from discarded diagnostic samples), cultures and stocks of infectious agents from laboratory work (eg waste from autopsies and infected animals from laboratories), or waste from patients with infections (eg swabs, bandages and disposable medical devices);

Infectious waste

human tissues, organs or fluids, body parts and contaminated animal carcass

Pathological waste

wastes that is syringes, needles, disposable scalpels and blades,

Sharps waste

solvents and reagents used for laboratory preparations, disinfectants, sterilants and heavy metals contained in medical devices (eg. mercury in broken thermometers) and batteries

Chemical waste

expired, unused and contaminated drugs and vaccines,

Pharmaceutical waste

waste containing substances with genotoxic properties (i.e. highly hazardous substances that are, mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic), such as drugs used in cancer treatment and their metabolites;

Cytotoxic waste

such as products contaminated by radionuclides including radioactive diagnostic material or radiotherapeutic materials;

Radioactive waste

waste that does not pose any particular biological, chemical, radioactive or physical hazard.

Non hazardous/General Waste

Methods of Disinfection CCCC

- Chlorine Gas - Chlorination (sodium hypochlorite solution) - Chlorination (solid calcium hypochlorite) - Chloramines

greenish-yellow gas. By providing high pressure, the gas becomes liquid. It is toxic. mostly used as a water disinfectant. plays a very effective role for removing almost all pathogenic microorganisms. It can be used both as a primary and a secondary disinfectant. The gas is not applicable to be used in household system as it is very dangerous. It is lethal at concentrations as low as 0.1% air by volume

Chlorine Gas

used as a bleaching agent, mostly to bleach papers or textiles, and as a disinfectant in solution. The solution generally contains 10-15% of the available chlorine, but rapidly loses its force in storing process.

Chlorination (sodium hypochlorite solution)

essential solid that can be used in replacement of NaOCI (liquid). As a disinfectant, it has similarity with NaOCl but it is much safer to handle. Almost 70% of chlorine is available in commercial grades of Ca(OCI)2. It has applications in both waste water and drinking water

Chlorination (solid calcium hypochlorite)

formed by reacting ammonia with free chlorine. They play an important role in providing residual protection in the distribution system. They are very stable. In comparison to chlorine, fewer halogenated by-products are formed

Chloramines

5 Types of Sterilization SFIDO

- Steam sterilization - Flash sterilization - Ionizing radiation - Dry heat sterilizers - Ozone

sterilization that should be used whenever possible on all critical and semicritical items that are beat and moisture resistant even when not essential to prevent pathogen transmission.

Steam sterilization

sterilization method that is considered acceptable for processing cleaned patient-care items that cannot be packaged, sterilized, and stored before use. It also is used when there is insufficient time to sterilize an item by the preferred package method.

Flash sterilization

- sterilizarion primarily by cobalt 60 gamma rays or electron accelerators, - low-temperature sterilization method that has been used for a number of medical products - method is an unfavorable alternative to ETO and plasma sterilization in healthcare facilities but is suitable for large-scale sterilization.

Ionizing radiation

• sterilization that should be used only for materials that might be damaged by moist heat or that are impenetrable to moist heat

Dry heat sterilizers

- sterilization that has been used for years as a drinking water disinfectant. -produced when 02 is energized and split into two monatomic (O1) molecules. The monatomic oxygen molecules then collide with 02 molecules to form this

Ozone

A surface, object, product, or environment has been treated such that it is free of contamination. Bacteria, viruses, or other harmful living organisms cannot survive or reproduce.

Aseptic

A product that is completely free of microscopic organisms. whie it means the complete absence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi along with spores, it doesn't distinguish between specific pathogens. A sterilization technique aims to rid an environment of all living microorganisms.

Sterile

HEALTHCARE WASTES NIHS

- Non infectious waste - Infectious waste - Highly infectious waste - Sharps infectious waste

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RPC L2

RPC L2

RPC L3

RPC L3

RPC L4

RPC L4

ALE

ALE

RPC L5

RPC L5

RPC M1

RPC M1

RPC M1/2

RPC M1/2

RPC M2

RPC M2

RPC M2.5

RPC M2.5

RPC M3

RPC M3

問題一覧

Allergic reactions

In an ________ _______ the immune system starts fighting substances that are usually harmless as though these substances were trying to attack the body.

Allergic Reaction

• An allergic reaction is more serous when severe allergic reaction called what? occurs

Anaphylaxis

sudden, severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. It is a medical emergency case.

Anaphylaxis

produces antibodies that defend against foreign substances.

Immune system

Most common cause of anaphylaxis? CFI

• Less common causes of anaphylaxis include: 1. ______, often after eating certain foods. • Anaphylaxis usually happens within minutes of exposure and almost always within ___ hours

- Exercise - Two

Anaphylaxis

8 Anaphylaxis symptoms SFFSCWND

4 Treatment for Anaphylaxis EOIB

4 Complication of Anaphylaxis ACRS

• Airway blockage • Cardiac arrest (no effective heartbeat) • Respiratory arrest (no breathing) • Shock

STUDY FIRST AID

an act or threat causing another to be in fear of immediate battery

Assault

intentional harmful or offensive touching or use of force on a person without consent or legal justification

Battery

C.) Litigation Process ICTT

1.) Phase 1: Incident Occurs 2.) Phase 2: Consultation with Attorney 3.) Phase 3: The Trial 4.) Phase 4: The Appeal

an implied concept that the health care worker will provide adequate core to patients

Standard of Care

1.) Improper care of a patient from a health core worker 2.) Responsibility can fall on health care worker or physician

Malpractice

Confidentiality

An additional source of medication and contrast administration errors in radiology is confusion caused by

LABELING & PRODUCT CODING

2 Bloodborne Pathogens

1. HEPA B 2. HIV

3 Universal Precautions ONP

1. OSHA Standards 2. Needlestick and Safety Prevention Act 3. PPE

3 Exposure Control NIF

1.) Needlestick injury 2) Incident report 3.] Follow up procedures

CHAIN OF INFECTION ARPMPS

6 Ways of Breaking the Chain PIIPAS

1.) Proper hand hygiene 2. Isolation Procedures 3.) Immunizations 4) Proper nutrition 5) Adequate rest 6.) Stress management

has been used in the past to describe measures for reducing and preventing the spread of organisms

Medical asepsis

strict technique to eliminate all microorganisms from an area

Sterile asepsis

When a patient is suspected of having or is confirmed to have certain pathogens or clinical presentations ____ _____ is implemented

Additional precautions

Routine practices

8 Types of Waste IPSCPCRN

- Infectious waste - Pathological waste - Sharps waste - Chemical waste - Pharmaceutical waste - Cytotoxic waste - Radioactive waste - Nonhazardous/General waste

Infectious waste

human tissues, organs or fluids, body parts and contaminated animal carcass

Pathological waste

wastes that is syringes, needles, disposable scalpels and blades,

Sharps waste

solvents and reagents used for laboratory preparations, disinfectants, sterilants and heavy metals contained in medical devices (eg. mercury in broken thermometers) and batteries

Chemical waste

expired, unused and contaminated drugs and vaccines,

Pharmaceutical waste

Cytotoxic waste

such as products contaminated by radionuclides including radioactive diagnostic material or radiotherapeutic materials;

Radioactive waste

waste that does not pose any particular biological, chemical, radioactive or physical hazard.

Non hazardous/General Waste

Methods of Disinfection CCCC

- Chlorine Gas - Chlorination (sodium hypochlorite solution) - Chlorination (solid calcium hypochlorite) - Chloramines

Chlorine Gas

Chlorination (sodium hypochlorite solution)

Chlorination (solid calcium hypochlorite)

Chloramines

5 Types of Sterilization SFIDO

- Steam sterilization - Flash sterilization - Ionizing radiation - Dry heat sterilizers - Ozone

sterilization that should be used whenever possible on all critical and semicritical items that are beat and moisture resistant even when not essential to prevent pathogen transmission.

Steam sterilization

Flash sterilization

Ionizing radiation

• sterilization that should be used only for materials that might be damaged by moist heat or that are impenetrable to moist heat

Dry heat sterilizers

Ozone

A surface, object, product, or environment has been treated such that it is free of contamination. Bacteria, viruses, or other harmful living organisms cannot survive or reproduce.

Aseptic

Sterile

HEALTHCARE WASTES NIHS

- Non infectious waste - Infectious waste - Highly infectious waste - Sharps infectious waste