問題一覧
1
it is the emission of light when stimulated by radiation
PHOTOSTIMULABLE LUMINESCENCE
2
__ now describes digital radiography that uses a cassette system whereas __ is a direct capture image acquisition technology that uses digital plates,
- CR - DR
3
consists of many transistors and other electronic elements fused on to a chip, a tiny piece of semiconductor material.
Integrated circuits
4
designed for a particular singular task, such as control of an assembly line robot or an automobile ignition.
Special Purpose
5
In CR system, replacing the standard 103 line per inch grid with a 170 line high frequency grid reduces?
Moiré artifacts
6
this component translates information (electrical signal) into digital data
analog digital converter (ADC)
7
- generation of computer that were vacuum-tube machines (1946-1959) - generation of computer that appeared in 1970, extension of the third and incorporated large-scale integration (LSI). This is now replaced by very large-scale integration (VLSI). (1971-1980)
- 1st Generation - 4th Generation
8
Imaging Plate Layers PPRBB
- Protective layer - Photostimulable phosphor - Reflective layer - Base - Backing
9
Within CR cassette is a what type of screen detector that stores latent image upon x-ray exposure
Photostimulable Storage Phosphor
10
two people who built a mechanical calculators using pegged wheels.
BLAISE PASCAL and GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ
11
In the this generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. (1980-Present)
5th Generation
12
the first general purpose electronic computer was developed in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania.
ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and calculator)
13
5 Computer types of 5th generation DLNUC
• Desktop • Laptop • NoteBook • UltraBook • ChromeBook
14
offers the chance of obtaining information from X-ray examinations in digital form so that the advantages of the digital techniques can be applied to conventional x-ray
Computed radiography (CR)
15
this concept began with Albert Jutras in Canada (1950s)
PACS
16
1. After exposure, the digital image reading system scans the IP point by point with a laser beam. • 2. The resulting luminescent light value is transformed by a photo multiplier into an electric signal which is stored as a numerical value • 3. The stored information can be computed as a picture and then shown either on a monitor. • 4. After the scanning the remaining unused information on the IP is deleted by halogen light. • 5. The IP is then available again for further examinations.
STEPS
17
In 1948, developed a transistor, which led to the creation of a smaller computer.
WILLIAM SHOCKLEY
18
identifies a computer as able to solve any solvable problem
General Purpose
19
smallest size of computer
Microcomputer
20
Advantages of CR
(1) the same plate can be used again and again; • (2) it does not require a dark room and developing chemicals; • (3) the produced image is digital and can be stored and manipulated electronically; • (4) these images have greater dynamic range, wider exposure latitude and reduced patient exposure.
21
The cassettes is then placed into a _______ with a ____ shone on to it which releases the stored photons, collects the signal, and digitizes it to be displayed on a display screen.
- Reader - Laser
22
The barium fluorohalide doped with europium is a combination of what? Typically 85% And 15%
Bromide & Iodide
23
Scanning time of the cassettes minimal, usually taking between
45 and 60 seconds
24
CR uses a storage phosphor that requires light input to release the trapped energy in the form of light that is proportional to the X-ray intensity. It is referred to as?
photostimulable phosphor.
25
• The time for a CR reader to extract the image from the plate is generally between about
30 and 45s
26
this word today is used as an abbreviation for any general purpose stored program electronic digital computer.
COMPUTER
27
earliest calculating tool, invented thousand of years ago
Computer
28
introduction of computers has expanded the domain of diagnostic imaging, making modalities possible such as CMD
- Computer Tomography - Magnetic Resonance - Digital Subtraction Angiography
29
thid systems are heavy and are not easily configured for upright and recumbent imaging.
CCD DR
30
Computed Radiography process was introduced in US in 1983 by?
Fuji Medical Systems
31
emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings.
AI
32
- generation of computer that is based on individually package transistor - generation of computer that used integrated circuits (IC) (1965-1971)
- 2nd Generation - 3rd Generation
33
The signal from the imaging plate is read in a _______
CR Reader
34
size of computer used for very large applications such as the U.S census Bureau.
Mainframe computer
35
First CT Scanner was created by?
Siemens
36
appeared in 1951 as the first commercially successful general purpose stored-program electronic digital computer.
UNIVAC (Universal automatic computer )
37
Most phosphors used for CR emit light at the _____ end of the spectrum and need a scanning laser emitting ______ for simulation.
- Blue - Red light
38
5 Types of Computers SMWMM
- Supercomputer - Microcomputer - Workstations - Mainframe Computer - Minicomputer
39
In Computed Radiography, the film cassette is called?
Imaging Plate
40
have largely replaced analog computer.
Digital computers
41
This detects emitted light and converts it to electric signals.
photomultiplier tube
42
The stored information on the plates can be erased by exposing it to
Room-level fluorescent light
43
• CR imaging requires a two step process for image acquisition:
• A. Image capture in the IP • B. Image readout
44
In CR, _____ is achieved using a rotating mirror.
Scanning
45
sizes of computer larger in capacity and flexibility
Minicomputer
46
Photostimulable phosphor plate used in CR are flexible plates that are _ mm thick and are coated with ______ activated fluorohalide compounds
- 1 mm - europium
47
CR IRs can be ______ or fixed in a table or _____ x ray unit.
- Portable - Upright
48
the first general purpose modern computer was developed in 1944 at Harvard University. Now called as the Mark I
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator