SPINE

54問 • 7ヶ月前

問題一覧

Planes and Direction

• ANTERIOR/VENTRAL • POSTERIOR/DORSAL • CRANIAL • CAUDAL • MEDIAL • LATERAL • CORONAL PLANE • SAGITTAL PLANE • AXIAL PLANE

• IT PROTECT AGAINST COMPRESSIVE FORCES. • ALLOW EQUAL WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

Type of spine curvature that is • KYPHOTIC CURVE • PRESENT FROM FETAL LIFE • THORACIC (20*-40*) • SACRAL

Primary curvature

Type of Spine Curvature • LORDOTIC CURVE • DEVELOPS DURING INFANCY OR CHILDHOOD • CERVICAL (20-40*) • LUMBAR (30-50*)

Secondary Curvature

THERE ARE __ MOBILE SEGMENTS AND __ FUSED VERTEBRAE WHICH ARE IMMOBILE.

- 24 - 9

• IT BEARS 80% OF LOAD APPLIED TO SPINE. • IT VARIES IN SIZE, SHAPE AND PROPORTION IN DIFFERENT REGIONS.

Vertebral Body

2 STOUT PILLARS BRIDGING VERTEBRAL BODY AND POSTERIOR ARCH CALLED

PEDICLE

PEDICLE GOES DORSALLY FUSING WITH PAIR OF ARCHED FLAT

LAMINA

LAMINA DORSALLY FUSE IN MIDLINE TO FORM

SPINOUS PROCESS

PEDICLE, LAMINA WITH SPINOUS PROCESS FORM THIS, COMPLETE OSSEOUS RING THAT ENCLOSE SPINAL CORD.

VERTEBRAL FORAMEN

IS A STUCTURE EXTENDING FROM JUNCTION OF LAMINA AND PEDICLE.

TRANSVERSE PROCESS

ALLOW MOVEMENT OF SPINE AND LIGAMENT AND STABALIZE THE SPINE BY GIVING ATTCHMENT TO MUSCLES AND ARTICULATING WITH RIBS.

TRANSVERSE PROCESS

ANOTHER PROJECTION FROM JUNCTION OF PEDICLE AND LAMINA.

ARTICULAR PROCESS

ARTICULAR SURFACE OF PROCESS COVERED WITH HYALINE CARTILAGE.

FACET

ALLOWING SPINAL NERVES AN EXIT POINT FROM THE CORD.

INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

- PART OF ARCH THAT LIES BETWEEN SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET.

PARS INTERARTICULARIS

• IT IS AREA OF MOST STRESSED BY TRANSLATIONAL MOVEMENT BETWEEN ADJACENT SEGMENT. • IT IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO TRAUMATIC AND STRESS FRACTURE

PARS INTERARTICULARIS

DEFECT OF PARS INTERARTICULARIS LEAD TO

SPONDYLOLYSIS AND SPONDYLOLISTHESIS.

NO BODY, NO SPINOUS PROCESS • DEVELOP AS A RING OF BONE WITH ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ARCHES THAT CONNECT 2 LATERAL MSSES.

C1 ATLAS

DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATLAS, WHAT SHOULD BE THE BODY NATURALLY FUSE TO AXIS FORMING ________ AND PRESENTED AS BODY OF AXIS.

ODONTOID PEG

POSTERIORLY GROOVE IN THE NECK OF ODONTOID REPRESENTS POSITION OF STRONG

TRANSVERSE ATLANTAL LIGAMENT

SKULL AT BASION IT CONNECTS ANTERIOR PART OF FORAMEN MAGNUM.

APICAL LIGAMENT

IT IS A PIVOT JOINT. • ATLAS AND AXIS FORM COMPLEX ARTICULAR SYSTEM THAT PERMITS NODDING AND ROTATIONAL MOVEMENTS OF THE HEAD. • DENS, TOOTH LIKE STRUCTURE ACT AS CENTRAL POINT TO ALLOW ROTATION FOR ATLAS.

ATLANTO AXIAL JOINT

C7 VERTEBRAE IS REFERRED AS? BECAUSE IT HAS LONGER AND LARGER SPINOUS PROCESS COMPARED TO OTHER CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. • HERE SPINOUS PROCESS IS NOT USUALLY BIFID.

VERTEBRAE PROMINENS

PRESENT ON TRANSVERSE PROCESS WHICH ARTICULATE WITH TUBERCLE OF THE RIB.

SMALL COSTAL FACET

NATURAL LORDOTIC CURVE • MOST WEIGHT IS CENTERED SUSTAIN GREATER STRESS. AND • HAVE MAMILLARY PROCESSES WHICH GIVE ATTACHMENT OF THICK LOWER DIVISION OF DEEP PARASPINAL MUSCLES.

LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

SUPERIOR ARTICULAR SURFACE DIRECTED WHEREAS INFERIOR ARTICULAR SURFACE DIRECT TOWARDS .

- DORSOMEDIALLY - VENTROLATERALLY

• APPEARS TRIANGULAR • CONSIST OF 5 FUSED SACRAL VERTEBRAF AND 4 COCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE. • TRANSMIT BODY WEIGHT TO HIP.

SACROCOCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE

PRESENT POSTERIORLY OVER FUSED SPINOUS PROCESS, ARTICULAR PROCESS AND TRANSVERSE PROCESS

MEDIAL SACRAL CREST

1ST SACRAL VERTEBRAE WITH PROFILE RIDGE

SACRAL PROMONTORY

FLAT BROAD AREA WHERE SACRUM ARTICULATE WITH ILIUM AND PELVIS.

SACRAL ALA

ALLOW JOINT PROPER FUNCTIONING VERTEBRAL COLUMN.

INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT

CONSIST OF HYALINE CARTILAGE AND FIBROCARTILAGE IN YOUNG. • IN ADULTS FIBROCARTILAGE

VERTEBRAL END PLATES

INTERVETEBRAL DISC IS COMPOSED OF?

- ANNULUS FIBROSUS - NUCLEUS PULPOSUS

CONSIST OF CONCENTRIC LAMINAL LAYER OF TYPE 1 COLLAGEN. • IT CONTAINS AND LIMIT THE EXPANSION OF NUCLEUS.

ANNULUS FIBROSUS

CONSIST OFTYPE 2 CALLAGEN ARRANGED IN LOOSE MESH SEMI FLUID PROTEIOGLYCAN GEL. • MAKES 40-60%. • ABLE TO CHANGE SHAPE AND TRANSMIT PRESSURE IN ALL DIRECTIONS. • IT PROVIDE ELASTICITY AND COMPRESSIBILITY.

NUCLEUS PULPOSUS

CUSHION LIKE STRUCTURE. end plate • PREVENT AGAINST COMPRESSIVE FORCES. • OVERALL BODY HEIGHT DECREASES BY 15-20 MM DURING DAY WHICH IS RECUPERATED DURING NIGHT

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

IT IS CONNECTING TISSUE FROM 1 BONE TO ANOTHER. • MAINTAIN STABILITY IN UPRIGHT POSITION PROTECT AGAINST TENSILE

LIGAMENTS

EXTENDS FROM ANTERIOR ASPECT OF BASE OF OCCIPUT VIA THE ATLAS DOWN THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF EACH VERTEBRAE AND DISC

ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT

POSTERIOR TO BODY AND DISC • EXTENDS FROM POSTERIOR ASPECT OF BASE OF OCCIPUT VIA ODONTOID PEG DOWN UPTO COCCYX. • BROADER OVER DISC AND NARROWER OVER BODY.

POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT

SHORT AND THICK • PROTECT DISC BY LIMITING MOVEMENT. • YELLOW LIGAMENT DUE TO DISTINCTIVE COLOUR. • MOST ELACTIC TISSUE IN BODY

LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM

SERIES OF SHORT LIGAMENT THAT CONNECT ADJACENT SPINOUS PROCESS • IT LACKS CONTINUITY

INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENT

FIBROUS CORD ATTACHES AT TIP OF EACH SPINOUS PROCESS. • IT CEASES BETWEEN L4-L5 VERTEBRAE. • BELOW THIS THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA TAKES OVER ROLE OF PROVIDING STRENGTH AND SAGITTAL MOVEMENT OF LS SPINE.

SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENT

IT LIMITS LATERAL FLEXION OF SPINE

INTERTRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

CREATES COVER OF SOFT TISSUE • PERMITS MOVEMENT AND STABILITY OF SPINAL COLUMN. • IT IS KNOWN AS PARASPINAL MUSCLES.

MUSCLES

STABALIZATION OF BONES • INFLUENCE POSTURE • IT INFLUENCE MOVEMENT- EXTENSION, FLEXION AND ROTATION.

PARASPINAL MUSCLE

GROUP OF MUSCLE ASSOCIATED WITH FLEXION.

ANTERIOR MUSCLES

EXTEND FROM TRANSVERSE PROCESS TO SPINE

TRANSVEROSPINALIS

EXTERNAL LOOSE SHEETH WHICH DOESNOT ADHERE TO CORD.

DURA MATER

THIN DELICATE LAYER BETWEEN DURA MATER AND PIA MATER.

ARACHNOID

INNERMOST LAYER WHICH ADHERE TO CORD.

PIA MATER

CONTAIN SEROUS FLUID.

SUBDURAL SPACE

CONTAIN CSF.

SUBARACHNOID SPACE

SENSORY COMPONENT OF EACH SPINAL NERVE DISTRIBUTES TO A SEGMENTAL PART OF SKIN

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問題一覧

Planes and Direction

• ANTERIOR/VENTRAL • POSTERIOR/DORSAL • CRANIAL • CAUDAL • MEDIAL • LATERAL • CORONAL PLANE • SAGITTAL PLANE • AXIAL PLANE

• IT PROTECT AGAINST COMPRESSIVE FORCES. • ALLOW EQUAL WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

Type of spine curvature that is • KYPHOTIC CURVE • PRESENT FROM FETAL LIFE • THORACIC (20*-40*) • SACRAL

Primary curvature

Type of Spine Curvature • LORDOTIC CURVE • DEVELOPS DURING INFANCY OR CHILDHOOD • CERVICAL (20-40*) • LUMBAR (30-50*)

Secondary Curvature

THERE ARE __ MOBILE SEGMENTS AND __ FUSED VERTEBRAE WHICH ARE IMMOBILE.

- 24 - 9

• IT BEARS 80% OF LOAD APPLIED TO SPINE. • IT VARIES IN SIZE, SHAPE AND PROPORTION IN DIFFERENT REGIONS.

Vertebral Body

2 STOUT PILLARS BRIDGING VERTEBRAL BODY AND POSTERIOR ARCH CALLED

PEDICLE

PEDICLE GOES DORSALLY FUSING WITH PAIR OF ARCHED FLAT

LAMINA

LAMINA DORSALLY FUSE IN MIDLINE TO FORM

SPINOUS PROCESS

PEDICLE, LAMINA WITH SPINOUS PROCESS FORM THIS, COMPLETE OSSEOUS RING THAT ENCLOSE SPINAL CORD.

VERTEBRAL FORAMEN

IS A STUCTURE EXTENDING FROM JUNCTION OF LAMINA AND PEDICLE.

TRANSVERSE PROCESS

ALLOW MOVEMENT OF SPINE AND LIGAMENT AND STABALIZE THE SPINE BY GIVING ATTCHMENT TO MUSCLES AND ARTICULATING WITH RIBS.

TRANSVERSE PROCESS

ANOTHER PROJECTION FROM JUNCTION OF PEDICLE AND LAMINA.

ARTICULAR PROCESS

ARTICULAR SURFACE OF PROCESS COVERED WITH HYALINE CARTILAGE.

FACET

ALLOWING SPINAL NERVES AN EXIT POINT FROM THE CORD.

INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

- PART OF ARCH THAT LIES BETWEEN SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET.

PARS INTERARTICULARIS

• IT IS AREA OF MOST STRESSED BY TRANSLATIONAL MOVEMENT BETWEEN ADJACENT SEGMENT. • IT IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO TRAUMATIC AND STRESS FRACTURE

PARS INTERARTICULARIS

DEFECT OF PARS INTERARTICULARIS LEAD TO

SPONDYLOLYSIS AND SPONDYLOLISTHESIS.

NO BODY, NO SPINOUS PROCESS • DEVELOP AS A RING OF BONE WITH ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ARCHES THAT CONNECT 2 LATERAL MSSES.

C1 ATLAS

DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATLAS, WHAT SHOULD BE THE BODY NATURALLY FUSE TO AXIS FORMING ________ AND PRESENTED AS BODY OF AXIS.

ODONTOID PEG

POSTERIORLY GROOVE IN THE NECK OF ODONTOID REPRESENTS POSITION OF STRONG

TRANSVERSE ATLANTAL LIGAMENT

SKULL AT BASION IT CONNECTS ANTERIOR PART OF FORAMEN MAGNUM.

APICAL LIGAMENT

ATLANTO AXIAL JOINT

C7 VERTEBRAE IS REFERRED AS? BECAUSE IT HAS LONGER AND LARGER SPINOUS PROCESS COMPARED TO OTHER CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. • HERE SPINOUS PROCESS IS NOT USUALLY BIFID.

VERTEBRAE PROMINENS

PRESENT ON TRANSVERSE PROCESS WHICH ARTICULATE WITH TUBERCLE OF THE RIB.

SMALL COSTAL FACET

NATURAL LORDOTIC CURVE • MOST WEIGHT IS CENTERED SUSTAIN GREATER STRESS. AND • HAVE MAMILLARY PROCESSES WHICH GIVE ATTACHMENT OF THICK LOWER DIVISION OF DEEP PARASPINAL MUSCLES.

LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

SUPERIOR ARTICULAR SURFACE DIRECTED WHEREAS INFERIOR ARTICULAR SURFACE DIRECT TOWARDS .

- DORSOMEDIALLY - VENTROLATERALLY

• APPEARS TRIANGULAR • CONSIST OF 5 FUSED SACRAL VERTEBRAF AND 4 COCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE. • TRANSMIT BODY WEIGHT TO HIP.

SACROCOCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE

PRESENT POSTERIORLY OVER FUSED SPINOUS PROCESS, ARTICULAR PROCESS AND TRANSVERSE PROCESS

MEDIAL SACRAL CREST

1ST SACRAL VERTEBRAE WITH PROFILE RIDGE

SACRAL PROMONTORY

FLAT BROAD AREA WHERE SACRUM ARTICULATE WITH ILIUM AND PELVIS.

SACRAL ALA

ALLOW JOINT PROPER FUNCTIONING VERTEBRAL COLUMN.

INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT

CONSIST OF HYALINE CARTILAGE AND FIBROCARTILAGE IN YOUNG. • IN ADULTS FIBROCARTILAGE

VERTEBRAL END PLATES

INTERVETEBRAL DISC IS COMPOSED OF?

- ANNULUS FIBROSUS - NUCLEUS PULPOSUS

CONSIST OF CONCENTRIC LAMINAL LAYER OF TYPE 1 COLLAGEN. • IT CONTAINS AND LIMIT THE EXPANSION OF NUCLEUS.

ANNULUS FIBROSUS

NUCLEUS PULPOSUS

CUSHION LIKE STRUCTURE. end plate • PREVENT AGAINST COMPRESSIVE FORCES. • OVERALL BODY HEIGHT DECREASES BY 15-20 MM DURING DAY WHICH IS RECUPERATED DURING NIGHT

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

IT IS CONNECTING TISSUE FROM 1 BONE TO ANOTHER. • MAINTAIN STABILITY IN UPRIGHT POSITION PROTECT AGAINST TENSILE

LIGAMENTS

EXTENDS FROM ANTERIOR ASPECT OF BASE OF OCCIPUT VIA THE ATLAS DOWN THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF EACH VERTEBRAE AND DISC

ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT

POSTERIOR TO BODY AND DISC • EXTENDS FROM POSTERIOR ASPECT OF BASE OF OCCIPUT VIA ODONTOID PEG DOWN UPTO COCCYX. • BROADER OVER DISC AND NARROWER OVER BODY.

POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT

SHORT AND THICK • PROTECT DISC BY LIMITING MOVEMENT. • YELLOW LIGAMENT DUE TO DISTINCTIVE COLOUR. • MOST ELACTIC TISSUE IN BODY

LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM

SERIES OF SHORT LIGAMENT THAT CONNECT ADJACENT SPINOUS PROCESS • IT LACKS CONTINUITY

INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENT

SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENT

IT LIMITS LATERAL FLEXION OF SPINE

INTERTRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

CREATES COVER OF SOFT TISSUE • PERMITS MOVEMENT AND STABILITY OF SPINAL COLUMN. • IT IS KNOWN AS PARASPINAL MUSCLES.

MUSCLES

STABALIZATION OF BONES • INFLUENCE POSTURE • IT INFLUENCE MOVEMENT- EXTENSION, FLEXION AND ROTATION.

PARASPINAL MUSCLE

GROUP OF MUSCLE ASSOCIATED WITH FLEXION.

ANTERIOR MUSCLES

EXTEND FROM TRANSVERSE PROCESS TO SPINE

TRANSVEROSPINALIS

EXTERNAL LOOSE SHEETH WHICH DOESNOT ADHERE TO CORD.

DURA MATER

THIN DELICATE LAYER BETWEEN DURA MATER AND PIA MATER.

ARACHNOID

INNERMOST LAYER WHICH ADHERE TO CORD.

PIA MATER

CONTAIN SEROUS FLUID.

SUBDURAL SPACE

CONTAIN CSF.

SUBARACHNOID SPACE

SENSORY COMPONENT OF EACH SPINAL NERVE DISTRIBUTES TO A SEGMENTAL PART OF SKIN

DERMATOMES