P2

61問 • 1年前

通報

問題一覧

X-ray film consists of transparent, blue-tinted base what?

Cellulose Acetate w/ 3% Nitrocellulose

What does an emulsion covering both sides of an x-ray film compose of?

Gelatin

Gelatin of an X-ray film emulsion consists of? SB, SC, SI

- silver bromide, - silver chloride - silver lodide(halides)

Today, what is the base used for film?

Polyester Plastic

There are 4 types of film that are used in radiography DPNS

1. dental flim 2. Photofluorographic film 3. Non screen film 4, screen flim

film that is • Small, lightweight and packaged in cardboard/plastic holders. • Also used in radiographic badges to determine the amount of xe ray exposure technicians receive • People are allowed 5 rads/ rems per year.

Dental film

Putting emulsion on both sides of the base doubles the amount of radiation-sensitive silver halide, and thus increases the what of the film?

Film speed

The _____ _____ are thin enough so developing. fixing, and drying can be accomplished in a reasonable time.

Emulsion Layers

The _____ suspended in the gelatin on both sides of the base, that creates an image.

Silver

The factors that must be considered when selecting a film and developing a radiographic technique. CTKR

1. Composition, shape, and size of the part being examined and, in some cases, its weight and location. 2. Type of radiation used, whether x-rays from an x-ray generator or gamma rays from a radioactive source 3. Kllovoltages avallable with the x-ray equipment or the intensity of the gamma radiation 4. Relative Importance of high radiographic detall or quick and economical results.

if High resolution and contrast sensitivity is of overall importance, a ____ and finer grained flim should be used

slower

What are the materials used for base of an x-ray film?

Cellulose triacetate or polyester for support

an adhesive layer containing gelatin and solvents that bind emulsion and base,

Substratum

- part of x-ray film that is made up of silver halide and gelatin - usually contains suspended particles like silver bromide or silver chloride suspended in gelatin.

Emulsion

supports, separates, and protects the silver halide crystals.

Gelatin

layer of x-ray film that is gelatin, protects emulsion from damage.

Protective layer

this is suspended in gelatin and change their physical nature on exposure to lonizing rays like X-rays or gamma rays.

Silver halide particles

Four types of X-ray films include FFFF

- Film with single coating of emulsion layer - Film with double coating of emulsion layer - Film with Intensifying Screen - Film without Intensifying Screen

Films that can be differentiated based on the Emulsion coating BGR

1. Blue light-sensitive emulsion coating. 2. Green light-sensitive emulsion coating (Orthochromatic) 3. Red light-sensitive emulsion coating (Panchromatic)

•Films that can be differentiated based on the Speed of the film SFU

1. Standard speed film 2. Fast-speed film 3. Ultra-speed film

This technique is called a direct technique and can be used for multiple speeds and industrial and medical Uses

Metal screens or no screens

can be used alone (non-screen film) in a light-proof container or more typically with intensifying screens (screen flim).

X-ray film

exposed by the direct action of x-radiation. This type of film is manufactured to be more sensitive to lonizing radiation and requires greater exposures.

Non-screen film

include less frequently utilized screens used for specific usage conditions.

Special purpose films

- Thase are X-ray fims with a single-side coating instead of a dual-side coating and are used to photograph a screen on which an X-ray image has been formed - This screen is flourescent in nature and is sensitive to blue or blue-greon colored light emission.

Fluorographic films

2 Special Purpose Films FX

1. Fluorographic films 2. X-ray paper

Modern technology allows for rapid utilizing an X-ray paper. An _________ is used to carry out this process, and it uses developing agents within the emulsion to obtain prompt results. It can also be cost-effective as the price of the X-ray paper is low.

Instant cycle processor unit

four image properties that affect the overall quality of the finished radiograph BCRD

brightness, contrast, recorded detail and distortion.

What are visibility properties? BC

- Brightness - Contrast

2 Accuracy Properties SD

- Spatial Resolution - Distortion

- Heart of the x-ray film - active component in which the image is formed and consists of many small silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin.

Emulsion

The ______ of a particular film determines the amount of exposure required to produce an image.

Sensitivity

film with a high sensitivity (speed) requires ____ exposure than a film with a lower sensifivity (speed).

Less

sensitivity of film chosen when the reduction of patient exposure and heat loading of the x-ray equipment are important considentions.

High sensitivity films

films that are used to reduce image noise.

Low sensitivity (speed) films

The sensitivity of film is determined by a number of factors, What is it? DEH

- design, - exposure conditions, - how it is processed.

An _______ in temperature speeds up the development process and increases film sensitivity because ______ exposure is required to produce a specific film density.

- Increase - Less

The spectral sensitivity is a characteristic of film that must be taken into account in sclecting film for use with specific intensifying screens and cameras. True or False

True

Film should be most sensitive to the color of the light that is emitted by the IICL

- intensifying screens, - intensifier tubes, - cathode ray tubes, - lasers.

What will happen to the sensitivity if a blue sensitive film is used with a green emitting intensifying screen?

Combination will have drastically REDUCED SENSITIVITY

Safelight safety should include SBLD

- safelight color, - brightness, - location - duration of film exposure.

Therefore, the ______ & _____ of the safelight must be selected properly so as to minimize film exposure.

brightness and distance

Silver bromide can be made sensitive te green light by adding _________ to the emulsion.

sensitizing dyes

A single exposure step that produces a film density of about 1 density unit (above the base plus fog value) is selected and designated the?

Speed step

Two other steps are selected, and the difference between them is used as a measure of film contrast. this is what?

Contrast Index

Bending unprocessed film can produce ______ which can appear as either dark or light areas in the processed image.

artifacts or "kink marks,"

Handling film, especially in a dry environment, can produce a build-up of ______ the discharge produces dark spots and streaks.

static electricity

• Determine by the size of the silver halide crystals • Thickness of emulsion • Presence of radiosensitive dyes

Film Speed Sensitivity

-major factor determining speed

Size/Large Ag Br Crystals (faster film)

• More sensitive film-lower mA

greater film speed

films that are small grain, better definition, more exposure time

Slow speed

FAST SPEED FILM - D (ultra speed) E (ekta) F (ultra ekta)

MEMORIZE

Different densities between light and dark regions of radiograph

Film Contrast

Speed of later generation?

crystal size that results in -lower exposure time-poor definition

Larger crystals

It absorbs x ray and emit visible light which exposes screen film

Intensifying screen

is sensitive to UV and blue light (300-500 nm)

Silver halide crystal

are coated with sensitizing dyes to increase absorption

Green light-silver halide crystal

type of emission of Gadolinium oxysulfide, terblum activated

Green emission

type of emission of ytrium, tantalite, niobium activated

Blue & UV emission

Latent Image Formation 1. ______ interaction releases electrons. 2. ______ migrate to the sensitivity center (contaminant in the ____ _____ crystal, usually silver ____) 3. At the sensitivity center, ____ ____ is formed by attracting an interstitial _____ _____---latent image center. 4. The process is repeated ____ ____ resulting in the build up of ____ ____. 5. The remaining silver halide is converted to _____ during processing.

- Radiation - Electrons - Silver halide - Sulfide - Atomic silver - Silver ion - Many times - Silver atoms - Silver

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RPC L2

RPC L2

RPC L3

RPC L3

RPC L4

RPC L4

ALE

ALE

RPC L5

RPC L5

RPC M1

RPC M1

RPC M1/2

RPC M1/2

RPC M2

RPC M2

RPC M2.5

RPC M2.5

RPC M3

RPC M3

Midterm

Midterm

MIDTERM

MIDTERM

Midterm

Midterm

RPC F1

RPC F1

FINALS #1

FINALS #1

RPC F2

RPC F2

RPC F3

RPC F3

Finals

Finals

Prelim

Prelim

ISI FINALS PROLOGUE

ISI FINALS PROLOGUE

ISI FINALS EPILOGUE

ISI FINALS EPILOGUE

ISI FINALE

ISI FINALE

Chapter 3.5/4

Chapter 3.5/4

RADBIO 1&2

RADBIO 1&2

RADPRO 1&2

RADPRO 1&2

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CHAPTER 4+1 NOT COMPLETE

RADBIO 3

RADBIO 3

RADPRO 3

RADPRO 3

Chapter Left

Chapter Left

POI P1

POI P1

POI P2

POI P2

POI P3

POI P3

QUIZ 4 PART

QUIZ 4 PART

1-3

1-3

4 SECTION PUTA

4 SECTION PUTA

M1 K Ver

M1 K Ver

M2 K Ver

M2 K Ver

1-3

1-3

RAD BIO 4

RAD BIO 4

Awa

Awa

not parts

not parts

RADBIO & RADPRO 5

RADBIO & RADPRO 5

RADBIO & RADPRO 6

RADBIO & RADPRO 6

M4in

M4in

C5 Orig V1

C5 Orig V1

C5 Part 2

C5 Part 2

Urologic Procedures

Urologic Procedures

DRUGS

DRUGS

C5 Orig V2

C5 Orig V2

RAD BIO 7

RAD BIO 7

RAD BIO 8

RAD BIO 8

RAD PRO 6 & 7

RAD PRO 6 & 7

GI Procedures

GI Procedures

Compressed

Compressed

OMY TUBE

OMY TUBE

P2/3

P2/3

BREAST

BREAST

M1 PPT

M1 PPT

F1 Final

F1 Final

SPINE

SPINE

PRELIM FINALE

PRELIM FINALE

MIDTERM FINALE

MIDTERM FINALE

FINALS FINALE

FINALS FINALE

PPT4

PPT4

EXAM BASED

EXAM BASED

EXAM BASED

EXAM BASED

問題一覧

X-ray film consists of transparent, blue-tinted base what?

Cellulose Acetate w/ 3% Nitrocellulose

What does an emulsion covering both sides of an x-ray film compose of?

Gelatin

Gelatin of an X-ray film emulsion consists of? SB, SC, SI

- silver bromide, - silver chloride - silver lodide(halides)

Today, what is the base used for film?

Polyester Plastic

There are 4 types of film that are used in radiography DPNS

1. dental flim 2. Photofluorographic film 3. Non screen film 4, screen flim

Dental film

Putting emulsion on both sides of the base doubles the amount of radiation-sensitive silver halide, and thus increases the what of the film?

Film speed

The _____ _____ are thin enough so developing. fixing, and drying can be accomplished in a reasonable time.

Emulsion Layers

The _____ suspended in the gelatin on both sides of the base, that creates an image.

Silver

The factors that must be considered when selecting a film and developing a radiographic technique. CTKR

if High resolution and contrast sensitivity is of overall importance, a ____ and finer grained flim should be used

slower

What are the materials used for base of an x-ray film?

Cellulose triacetate or polyester for support

an adhesive layer containing gelatin and solvents that bind emulsion and base,

Substratum

- part of x-ray film that is made up of silver halide and gelatin - usually contains suspended particles like silver bromide or silver chloride suspended in gelatin.

Emulsion

supports, separates, and protects the silver halide crystals.

Gelatin

layer of x-ray film that is gelatin, protects emulsion from damage.

Protective layer

this is suspended in gelatin and change their physical nature on exposure to lonizing rays like X-rays or gamma rays.

Silver halide particles

Four types of X-ray films include FFFF

- Film with single coating of emulsion layer - Film with double coating of emulsion layer - Film with Intensifying Screen - Film without Intensifying Screen

Films that can be differentiated based on the Emulsion coating BGR

1. Blue light-sensitive emulsion coating. 2. Green light-sensitive emulsion coating (Orthochromatic) 3. Red light-sensitive emulsion coating (Panchromatic)

•Films that can be differentiated based on the Speed of the film SFU

1. Standard speed film 2. Fast-speed film 3. Ultra-speed film

This technique is called a direct technique and can be used for multiple speeds and industrial and medical Uses

Metal screens or no screens

can be used alone (non-screen film) in a light-proof container or more typically with intensifying screens (screen flim).

X-ray film

exposed by the direct action of x-radiation. This type of film is manufactured to be more sensitive to lonizing radiation and requires greater exposures.

Non-screen film

include less frequently utilized screens used for specific usage conditions.

Special purpose films

Fluorographic films

2 Special Purpose Films FX

1. Fluorographic films 2. X-ray paper

Instant cycle processor unit

four image properties that affect the overall quality of the finished radiograph BCRD

brightness, contrast, recorded detail and distortion.

What are visibility properties? BC

- Brightness - Contrast

2 Accuracy Properties SD

- Spatial Resolution - Distortion

- Heart of the x-ray film - active component in which the image is formed and consists of many small silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin.

Emulsion

The ______ of a particular film determines the amount of exposure required to produce an image.

Sensitivity

film with a high sensitivity (speed) requires ____ exposure than a film with a lower sensifivity (speed).

Less

sensitivity of film chosen when the reduction of patient exposure and heat loading of the x-ray equipment are important considentions.

High sensitivity films

films that are used to reduce image noise.

Low sensitivity (speed) films

The sensitivity of film is determined by a number of factors, What is it? DEH

- design, - exposure conditions, - how it is processed.

An _______ in temperature speeds up the development process and increases film sensitivity because ______ exposure is required to produce a specific film density.

- Increase - Less

The spectral sensitivity is a characteristic of film that must be taken into account in sclecting film for use with specific intensifying screens and cameras. True or False

True

Film should be most sensitive to the color of the light that is emitted by the IICL

- intensifying screens, - intensifier tubes, - cathode ray tubes, - lasers.

What will happen to the sensitivity if a blue sensitive film is used with a green emitting intensifying screen?

Combination will have drastically REDUCED SENSITIVITY

Safelight safety should include SBLD

- safelight color, - brightness, - location - duration of film exposure.

Therefore, the ______ & _____ of the safelight must be selected properly so as to minimize film exposure.

brightness and distance

Silver bromide can be made sensitive te green light by adding _________ to the emulsion.

sensitizing dyes

A single exposure step that produces a film density of about 1 density unit (above the base plus fog value) is selected and designated the?

Speed step

Two other steps are selected, and the difference between them is used as a measure of film contrast. this is what?

Contrast Index

Bending unprocessed film can produce ______ which can appear as either dark or light areas in the processed image.

artifacts or "kink marks,"

Handling film, especially in a dry environment, can produce a build-up of ______ the discharge produces dark spots and streaks.

static electricity

• Determine by the size of the silver halide crystals • Thickness of emulsion • Presence of radiosensitive dyes

Film Speed Sensitivity

-major factor determining speed

Size/Large Ag Br Crystals (faster film)

• More sensitive film-lower mA

greater film speed

films that are small grain, better definition, more exposure time

Slow speed

FAST SPEED FILM - D (ultra speed) E (ekta) F (ultra ekta)

MEMORIZE

Different densities between light and dark regions of radiograph

Film Contrast

Speed of later generation?

crystal size that results in -lower exposure time-poor definition

Larger crystals

It absorbs x ray and emit visible light which exposes screen film

Intensifying screen

is sensitive to UV and blue light (300-500 nm)

Silver halide crystal

are coated with sensitizing dyes to increase absorption

Green light-silver halide crystal

type of emission of Gadolinium oxysulfide, terblum activated

Green emission

type of emission of ytrium, tantalite, niobium activated

Blue & UV emission

- Radiation - Electrons - Silver halide - Sulfide - Atomic silver - Silver ion - Many times - Silver atoms - Silver