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P1

35問 • 10ヶ月前

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Enclosed area or chamber dimly lit by safelight (usually red) but otherwise intentionally lightproof room where films are handled and processed. Where everything starts and ends

Darkroom

Darkroom MUST have a __ & __ section _ ft away from each other. To prevent _______ of the each section.

- Wet and Dry - 4 ft - Contamination

Darkroom Specifications LOCATION- In proximity/near to? SIZE:

- Exposure Room - 15 ft x 9.5 ft or greater

Darkroom can only be adjacent to exposure room only if: * Hollow blocks filled with _____ * Concrete greater than __ inches

- Cement - 6 inches

Permanent darkroom, ideally with the floor area of not less than __ sqm

The room must be capable of being made completely _______ • It should not be damp or subjected to extreme of ________

- Lightproof - Temperature

_______ and ______ outlet should be provided • Sufficient space to accommodate a __ bench, a __ bench, and a ____ • Too ___ room is as undesirable as small room • Should be near the ____ examination room

- Water & Electrical - Dry, Wet, Sink - Large - x-ray

• The darkroom wall should be constructed of solid concrete (__cm thick) have a lead box inside to store boxes of unexposed film currently in use.

15 cm

The walls and roofs should be painted by __ or ___ enamel as such a paint act as a good reflecting surface for safelight. • X-ray rotating _____ light in hallway switch "on" signaling that x ray machine is operating.

- White or cream - Warning

5 Basic Test For Darkroom Facility CLWVP

• Cleanliness • Light leakage • Water supply • Ventilation • Processing solution

• should be Centrally located • Services by hatches from the adjacent imaging room • Away from hot or damp areas • Accessible in terms of power and water supply • Adjoining viewing room

Location of darkroom

Size of DarkRoom • Minimum floor area of • Celling height of • SIZE may be reduced depending upon the department needs.

- 10 sq.meter - 2.5 - 3 meter

The first requisite of a processing room is the exclusion of all external ________ when radiographs are processed

white light

________ _______ in film emulsions are extremely sensitive to visible light, and any light leaking around a door or window may fog and ruin the films.

Photosensitive crystals

Walls adjacent to the radlographic room should be shielded with what correct thickness of the lead all the way to the ceiling? In the interest of both darkroom staff and films materials alike

1.6mm lead

FLOORS IN DARK ROOM SHOULD BE? NNCSDLAPP

• Non-porous flooring • Non-slip flooring • Chemical resistant • Stain proof • Durable and easy to maintain • Light colored (low light working conditions) • Asphalt tiles • Porcelain tiles • Plastic tiles

Walls & Ceiling of Darkroom should have? SVCP

- Special paint, - varnish - ceramics - plastic wall

Relative humidity is maintained at around __-__% • Room temperature maintained between __to__ degree Celsius

- 40-60% - 18-20 degree celsius

Darkroom should have a minimum of __ air changes per hour All of these conditions can be archived by using a good air-conditioning

- 10 air changes per hour

5 Types of Entrance in Darkroom SDMLR

• SINGLE DOOR SYSTEM • DOUBLE DOOR SYSTEM • MAZE TYPE ENTRANCE • LABYRINTH • ROTATING DOOR SYSTEM

used for for inspection and maintenance of the cassette And screens • Cleaning of work surfaces • Services of equipment

White lighting

White lighting consists of? - Preferably centrally placed

60W Tungsten, 30W Fluorescent

light from safe lamp directly falls onto the work surface. ex. Beehive safelight - Minimum distance of ___ from working surface Best for loading and unloading areas

Direct Safe Lighting - 1.2m

- Directs the light towards the celling which reflects light back into the room • Is intended to provide general illumination of the dark room • Suspended atleast __ m above the floor.

Indirect Safelight - 2.1m

the color of light produced by intensifying screen

Spectral Emission

range of light wavelength that a film can absorb.

Film Sensitivity

important to match in radiography to produce high quality images.

Spectral emission and film sensitivity

The process of matching the color sensitivity of the film to the color emission of the intensifying screen.

Spectral Matching

Use orthochromatic film, which is sensitive to ultraviolet, blue, and green light.

Rare earth screen

Use blue-sensitive film

Blue light emitting screen

Use green-sensitive film

Green light emitting screen

HOW DOES A SAFELIGHT WORK? • When white light is passed through colored filters, certain wavelength (or colors) are absorbed by the filters, whilst those wavelengths, which correspond to the color of the filters will be transmitted. • Making the correct selection safelight filter (matching the filter to the film), means choosing a filter, which will transmit a color to which the film is relatively unresponsive, whilst stopping all light to which the film is most sensitive.

Read

READ No safe lighting is completely safe, all films will become signifivantly fogged if exposed to safelights for long enough. • Are not perfect absorbers of the undesirable wavelength and, In truth all films have some sensitivity to all wavelengths. • This is because safelight filters. Thus, the Intensity of illumination and the film-handling time must be kept to minimum if significant fogging is not occur.

READ

NOTE: If the safelight is not safe, you should do one of the following to correct the problem: RRC

1. Replace the bulb with one of lower wattage • 2. Raise the safelight lamp higher from working surface • 3. Check the filter -may be cracked or broken

- The system that removes the used/waste water and solutions from processing tank? - All drainpipes/hose must be _____ towards their eventual outlet

- Drainage system - slopped

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