RADBIO 1&2

67問 • 1年前

通報

問題一覧

anything that occupies space, fundamental blocks are ____ and _____

Matter > atoms & molecules

ability to do work, measured in joules in SI system, and measured in EV in radiology

Energy

Diff types of energy PKECTEN

Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy Chemical Energy Thermal Energy Electromagnetic Energy Nuclear Energy

E = mc^2 meaning

energy equals to mass and speed squared

what is the transfer of energy, energy emitted and transferred through space? and it’s components? 99% ____ and 1% ____

Radiation > heat, x-ray

any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts. This type of interaction between radiation and matter is called ionization

Ionizing Radiation

2 Sources of Ionizing Radiation

- Man-made radiation - Natural Environmental Radiation

Natural Environment Radiation CTIR

- Cosmic rays - Terrestrial Radiation - Internally deposited radionuclides - Radon

Man-made radiation DNRIC

- Diagnostic x-ray - Nuclear power generation - Research applications - Industrial sources - Consumer items

Types of Ionizing Radiation

> Particulate Radiation: (Alpha particle equivalent to a helium nucleus two protons and two neutrons mass=4amu, 2 units of positive electrostatic force) (Beta particle - light particles with an atomic mass number of 0) > Electromagnetic Radiation: (X-rays and Gamma rays)

Radiologic Units AADB

- Air Kerma - Absorbed Dose - Dose Equivalent/Sievert - Becquerel

kinetic energy transferred from photons to electrons during ionization and excitation

Air Kerma

radiation energy absorbed per unit mass

Absorbed Dose

Express the quantity of radiation received by radiation workers

Dose Equivalent/Sievert

unit of radioactivity, unit of quantity of radioactive material and not the radiation emitted by that material

Activity

OSL meaning

Optically Stimulated Luminescence

sometimes called speed measure how fast something is going, the rate of change of its position with time

Velocity

law of motion where body would remain at rest

Law of Inertia

law of motion that is related push or pull an object

Law of Force

to every action there is an equal/opposite reaction

Law of Action/Reaction

force on a body caused by the downward pull of gravity on it

Weight

product of a mass of an object and its velocity

Momentum

force applied times the distance over which its applied

Work

rate of doing work

Power

Modified by four basic essences: wet, dry, hot and cold.

Greek Atom

said that element was composed of identical atoms that reacted the same way in chemical reactions. Hook and eye affair

John Dalton

plum pudding theorist

JJ Thomson

nuclear model theorist

Ernest Rutherford

miniature solar system theorist

Niels Bohr

X-rays scattered back in the direction of the incident x-ray beam

Backscatter Radiation

5 X-ray interactions with Matter

Coherent Scattering Compton Scattering Photoelectric Effect Pair Production Photodisintegration

2 Human Radiation Response?

> Deterministic Effect > Stochastic Effect

increases with radiation dose, occurs within days, determined immediately

Deterministic Effect

long term, not observed for months or years

Stochastic Effect

less than 5 rad stimulates repair mechanism

Radiation Hormesis

minutes/days may effect na, agad agad

Early/Immediate Effect

injuries not seen in months/years

Delayed/Late Effect

Human body is ____% water

Most radiosensitive

DNA

most abundant molecule

Water

15% of molecular composition

Protein

breakdown into smaller units

Catabolism

production of large molecules from small

Anabolism

Structure of Proteins EHA

Enzymes Hormones Antibodies

necessary to allow biochemical reaction

Enzymes

exercise regulatory control over body functions like growth

Hormones

primary defense mechanism

Antibodies

- macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen - composed of glycerol and fatty acid - serve as insulator and fuel by providing energy stores

Lipids

called saccharides, monosaccharides, disaccharides

Carbohydrates

large and include plant starches and animal glycogen

Polysaccharides

located principally in the nucleus of the cell acid

Nucleic Acid

serve as command or control for cell function, contains hereditary information, double helix

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

located in cytoplasm, forms in nucleus, has 2 types which are messenger and transfer, single helix

Ribonucleic Acid

______ - genetic material during division RNA’s sugar component is ______

Meiosis Ribose

replaces thymine as a base component

Uracil

Major Cell Structures > > _________ makes up bulk of cell contains molecular components except DNA

> Nucleus > Cytoplasm

allows nucleus to communicate with cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum

engine of cell, large bean structure

Mitochondria

site of protein synthesis

Ribosomes

capable of digesting cellular fragments, control intracellular contaminants

Lysosomes

________ act of single cell or group of cells to reproduce and multiply in number Two Types of Cells 1. 2.

Cell Proliferation 1. Genetic cells 2. Somatic cells

Type: Classical Scattering Energy: Part of Interaction: Effect: Products:

Type: Classical Scattering Energy: below 10 keV Part of Interaction: whole atom Effect: excitation of electrons Products: scattered radiation

Type: Compton Scattering Energy: Part of Interaction: Effect: Products:

Type: Compton Scattering Energy: Moderate energy Part of Interaction: outer shell electron Effect: ionization Products: Compton electron, scattered radiation

Type: Photoelectric Effect Energy: Part of Interaction: Effect: Products:

Type: Photoelectric Effect Energy: Moderate energy Part of Interaction: Inner shell electron Effect: ionization Products: Photoelectron, Characteristic radiation

Type: Pair Production Energy: Part of Interaction: Effect: Products:

Type: Pair Production Energy: above 1.02 MeV Part of Interaction: nuclear force field Effect: annihilation Products: Positron, electron

Type: Photo-disintegration Energy: Part of Interaction: Effect: Products:

Type: Photo-disintegration Energy: above 10 MeV Part of Interaction: nucleus Effect: excitation of nucleus Products: nuclear fragments

study of effects of ionizing radiation on biologic tissue

Radiobiology

physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

E · 24問 · 2年前

physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

24問 • 2年前

reproductive academic weaponizer

E · 55問 · 2年前

reproductive academic weaponizer

55問 • 2年前

cells prelim acad weaponizer

E · 24問 · 2年前

cells prelim acad weaponizer

24問 • 2年前

respiratory/body cavities prelim acad weaponizer

E · 20問 · 2年前

respiratory/body cavities prelim acad weaponizer

20問 • 2年前

integumentary prelim acad weaponizer

E · 29問 · 2年前

integumentary prelim acad weaponizer

29問 • 2年前

skeletal prelim acad weaponizer

E · 33問 · 2年前

skeletal prelim acad weaponizer

33問 • 2年前

tissue prelim acad weaponizer

E · 42問 · 2年前

tissue prelim acad weaponizer

42問 • 2年前

membrane prelim acad weaponizer

E · 20問 · 2年前

membrane prelim acad weaponizer

RPC L2

RPC L2

RPC L3

RPC L3

RPC L4

RPC L4

ALE

ALE

RPC L5

RPC L5

RPC M1

RPC M1

RPC M1/2

RPC M1/2

RPC M2

RPC M2

RPC M2.5

RPC M2.5

RPC M3

RPC M3