問題一覧
1
this spontaneously emits particles and energy and transforms itself into another atom to reach stability
Nucleus
2
: also known as radioactive decay
Radioactive Disintegration
3
any nuclei that undergo radioactive decay (this is also one type of radioisotope)
Radionuclides
4
Isotopes that are unstable by either having too few or too many neutrons
Radioisotopes
5
- May originate at the time of the Earth's formation and are still decaying very slowly
- May also be produced in the upper atmosphere through cosmic radiation
Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes
6
- Man-made products artificially produced in machines such as particle accelerators or nuclear reactors.
Artificially Produced or Made Radioisotopes
7
- occurs in a neutron-rich nuclei
- Occurs in stable nuclides bombarded with neutrons in nuclear reactors
Beta Emission
8
is created in the nucleus and is ejected with considerable kinetic energy and escapes the atom
Electron
9
conversion that also occurs during beta emission
Neutron to Proton
10
increases by one (Z = Z + 1), while the atomic mass number remains the same (A = constant)
Atomic Number during Beta emission
11
emitted during beta emission absorbed by aluminum
Negatron & Antineutrino
12
- Important for some nuclear medicine imaging.
- Occurs in proton-rich nuclei.
- Occurs in stable nuclei bombarded with charged particles in cyclotron
Positron Emission
13
conversion that also occurs during positron emission
Proton to Neutron
14
decrease to the atomic number by 1 (2 = Z - 1) while the atomic mass number remains the same (A = constant)
Atomic Number during Positron Emission
15
emitted during Positron Emission
Positron & Neutrino
16
when an electron from the closest energy level falls into the nucleus, causing a proton to become a neutron
Electron capture
17
The excess energy of the nucleus is transferred to the orbital electron which is then ejected from the atom
- a process in which the nucleus of an atom with excess energy releases that energy without altering its proton and neutron count
Internal Conversion
18
During Internal Conversion, the excess energy of the nucleus is transferred to this………which is then ejected from the atom
Orbital Electron
19
emitted as the atom attempts to become stable
X-rays
20
- much more violent process
- occurs when the nucleus is too large or too heavy.
- occurs when a large atom (Z=82 above) loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons leaving a decay product.
- Least penetrating and is absorbed by a paper.
Alpha Emission
21
- must be extremely unstable to emit alpha particles
- Consists of two protons and two neutron bound together; its atomic mass number is 4.
Nucleus
22
occurs when the nucleus of an atom is still unstable even after a beta or alpha decay.
Gamma Ray Decay
23
emits gamma radiation in order to become stable.
Nuclei
24
this is often left in an excited state which means it still has excess energy. when an alpha or beta decay occurs,
Nucleus
25
lost by emission of gamma rays instead of another beta or alpha decay,
Energy
26
a nuclear process in which a nuclei with excess energy following alpha or beta decay emits energy without changing the atomic number and atomic mass number.
Isomeric Transmission
27
- A series of transformations that a given radionuclide will undergo and what type of radiation it will emit
- Most natural occurring radionuclides will undergo a series of transformation rather than a single step.
Decay Chain
28
occurs in the decay chain when the rate of creation and decay of a radionuclide is the same rate.
Radioactive Equilibrium
29
cannot occur if the half-life of the decay product is much longer than that of the original radionuclide
Equilibrium
30
occurs when the half-life of the original radionuclide and its product are similar
Transient Equilibrium
31
the half-life of the original radionuclide is longer than that of the product
Secular Equilibrium
32
the half-life of the decay product is longer than that of the original radionuclide
No Equilibrium
33
time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one-half its original value.
Physical Half Life
34
The time required for the human body to eliminate one-half of the dose of any substances by biological process (sweating, urinating, defecation, or breathing). Applies for radio pharmaceuticals used during nuclear imaging and PET scans.
Biological Half Life
35
The combination of both physical and biologic half-life. Used when health physicists calculate the dose received from an internal radiation
Effective Half Life
36
- Father of Radioactivity
- He placed uranium salts near a photographic plate covered with opaque paper and discovered to be fogged.
- He showed that the rays emitted by uranium causes gases to ionize and that they differed from x-rays in that they could be deflected by an electric or magnetic field.
Antoine Henri Becquerel (NP 1903)
37
- extensively studied uranium
- discovery of radium and polonium
- Nobel Prize in Physics 1903
Marie and Pierre Curie
38
- a process wherein an unstable atom emits particles and energy to transform into another atom to become stable
Radioactive Disintegration
39
how many dps in 1 curie
3.7 x 10^10
40
how many curie in 1 becquerel
2.7 x 10^-11
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問題一覧
1
this spontaneously emits particles and energy and transforms itself into another atom to reach stability
Nucleus
2
: also known as radioactive decay
Radioactive Disintegration
3
any nuclei that undergo radioactive decay (this is also one type of radioisotope)
Radionuclides
4
Isotopes that are unstable by either having too few or too many neutrons
Radioisotopes
5
- May originate at the time of the Earth's formation and are still decaying very slowly
- May also be produced in the upper atmosphere through cosmic radiation
Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes
6
- Man-made products artificially produced in machines such as particle accelerators or nuclear reactors.
Artificially Produced or Made Radioisotopes
7
- occurs in a neutron-rich nuclei
- Occurs in stable nuclides bombarded with neutrons in nuclear reactors
Beta Emission
8
is created in the nucleus and is ejected with considerable kinetic energy and escapes the atom
Electron
9
conversion that also occurs during beta emission
Neutron to Proton
10
increases by one (Z = Z + 1), while the atomic mass number remains the same (A = constant)
Atomic Number during Beta emission
11
emitted during beta emission absorbed by aluminum
Negatron & Antineutrino
12
- Important for some nuclear medicine imaging.
- Occurs in proton-rich nuclei.
- Occurs in stable nuclei bombarded with charged particles in cyclotron
Positron Emission
13
conversion that also occurs during positron emission
Proton to Neutron
14
decrease to the atomic number by 1 (2 = Z - 1) while the atomic mass number remains the same (A = constant)
Atomic Number during Positron Emission
15
emitted during Positron Emission
Positron & Neutrino
16
when an electron from the closest energy level falls into the nucleus, causing a proton to become a neutron
Electron capture
17
The excess energy of the nucleus is transferred to the orbital electron which is then ejected from the atom
- a process in which the nucleus of an atom with excess energy releases that energy without altering its proton and neutron count
Internal Conversion
18
During Internal Conversion, the excess energy of the nucleus is transferred to this………which is then ejected from the atom
Orbital Electron
19
emitted as the atom attempts to become stable
X-rays
20
- much more violent process
- occurs when the nucleus is too large or too heavy.
- occurs when a large atom (Z=82 above) loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons leaving a decay product.
- Least penetrating and is absorbed by a paper.
Alpha Emission
21
- must be extremely unstable to emit alpha particles
- Consists of two protons and two neutron bound together; its atomic mass number is 4.
Nucleus
22
occurs when the nucleus of an atom is still unstable even after a beta or alpha decay.
Gamma Ray Decay
23
emits gamma radiation in order to become stable.
Nuclei
24
this is often left in an excited state which means it still has excess energy. when an alpha or beta decay occurs,
Nucleus
25
lost by emission of gamma rays instead of another beta or alpha decay,
Energy
26
a nuclear process in which a nuclei with excess energy following alpha or beta decay emits energy without changing the atomic number and atomic mass number.
Isomeric Transmission
27
- A series of transformations that a given radionuclide will undergo and what type of radiation it will emit
- Most natural occurring radionuclides will undergo a series of transformation rather than a single step.
Decay Chain
28
occurs in the decay chain when the rate of creation and decay of a radionuclide is the same rate.
Radioactive Equilibrium
29
cannot occur if the half-life of the decay product is much longer than that of the original radionuclide
Equilibrium
30
occurs when the half-life of the original radionuclide and its product are similar
Transient Equilibrium
31
the half-life of the original radionuclide is longer than that of the product
Secular Equilibrium
32
the half-life of the decay product is longer than that of the original radionuclide
No Equilibrium
33
time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one-half its original value.
Physical Half Life
34
The time required for the human body to eliminate one-half of the dose of any substances by biological process (sweating, urinating, defecation, or breathing). Applies for radio pharmaceuticals used during nuclear imaging and PET scans.
Biological Half Life
35
The combination of both physical and biologic half-life. Used when health physicists calculate the dose received from an internal radiation
Effective Half Life
36
- Father of Radioactivity
- He placed uranium salts near a photographic plate covered with opaque paper and discovered to be fogged.
- He showed that the rays emitted by uranium causes gases to ionize and that they differed from x-rays in that they could be deflected by an electric or magnetic field.
Antoine Henri Becquerel (NP 1903)
37
- extensively studied uranium
- discovery of radium and polonium
- Nobel Prize in Physics 1903
Marie and Pierre Curie
38
- a process wherein an unstable atom emits particles and energy to transform into another atom to become stable
Radioactive Disintegration
39
how many dps in 1 curie
3.7 x 10^10
40
how many curie in 1 becquerel
2.7 x 10^-11