問題一覧
1
Occupational Radiation Exposure Dose Limit: General X-ray Activity: not exceed what?
Dose Limit: 20 mSv/yr • General X-ray Activity: not exceed 1 mSv/yr
2
It contributes to the highest occupational exposure of diagnostic x-ray personnel • Personnel exposure is related directly to the X-ray beam-on time
Fluoroscopy
3
X-ray Tube Over The Table • Advantage: I • Disadvantage: H • Rationale: H
- image quality - higher personnel exposures - higher levels of scatter & leakage radiation
4
It is best to position the x-ray tube where during mobile & C-arm fluoroscopy!
UNDER THE PATIENT
5
In Interventional Radiology ________ receive higher exposures • Rationale: _____ fluoroscopic x-ray beam-on time • Contribute to Higher Exposure: • Absence of ________ • Use of ________ • Dose Limit: ___ mSv/yr
- Personnel - Longer - Protective Curtain - Cineradiography - 500 mSv/yr
6
must be provided for interventional radiologists
Extremity monitoring
7
Modality where Personnel exposures are low • Rationale: less scatter radiation due to low kVp operation
Mammography
8
Modality where Personnel exposures are low • Rationale: • its beam is finely collimated • Only secondary radiation is present in the examination room
CT Scan
9
Modality where Occupational exposure for nursing personnel & other working in the operating room & intensive care unit is near zero • It is not necessary to provide occupational radiation monitors for such personnel
Surgery
10
• It contributes to the highest occupational exposure of diagnostic x-ray personnel
Mobile Radiology
11
Who should wear Occupational Radiation Monitor? RAPP
• Radiologic technologist • Anyone who immobilize or hold patients • Personnel who regularly operate C-arm fluoroscope • Personnel who regularly in the immediate vicinity of C-arm fluoroscope
12
The dose of radiation that would be expected to produce no significant radiation effects • It has been replaced by dose limits
Maximum Permissible Dose
13
it is the maximum permissible occupational radiation dose • It is specified only for occupational exposure • Current Required per week
- Dose Limit - 1 mSv/week
14
Aralin
15
Aralin
16
Radiobiologic Considerations under Dose Dependence • Previously Noted Effects: • Spontaneous Abortion: • In Congenital Abnormalities the Fetal Dose is:
- 200 rad - less than 25 rad (During 1st 2 weeks) - 10 rad
17
One should never knowing examine a pregnant patient with x-rays unless a documented decision to do so has been made is?
Patient information
18
Administrative Protocols EPP
- elective booking - patient questionnaires - posting
19
Biologic response of embryo to radiation 1st 2 weeks • Biologic Response:
resorption of the embryo & no pregnancy
20
Biologic response of embryo to radiation • 2-10 weeks: major organogenesis • The major organ system of the fetus is developing • Biologic Response:
congenital malformation
21
Biologic response of embryo to radiation 2nd & 3rd Trimester: • Principal Response:
malignant disease during childhood