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25問 • 7ヶ月前

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How teleradiography works? IITI

• Image Acquisition: Radiographic images are acquired using imaging modalities such as X-ray machines, computed tomography (CT) scanners, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, or other medical imaging equipment at a healthcare facility. • Image Digitization: The acquired images are converted into digital format using digital imaging systems. This digitization process allows the images to be easily transmitted and stored electronically. • Transmission: The digital images are transmitted securely over a network, typically the internet, to a remote location where radiologists or other healthcare professionals are located. This transmission can occur in real-time or be stored and forwarded later for interpretation. • Interpretation: At the remote location, radiologists or other medical professionals review and interpret the transmitted images using specialized viewing software. They analyze the images for signs of injury, disease, or abnormalities and provide diagnostic reports or recommendations based on their findings.

Benefits/Advantages of Teleradiography RECC

• Remote Consultation: It allows healthcare facilities in remote or underserved areas to access expertise from radiologists located elsewhere, improving access to specialized medical care. • Efficiency: Teleradiography can expedite the diagnostic process by enabling faster image transmission and interpretation, leading to quicker diagnosis and treatment decisions. • Collaboration: It facilitates collaboration among healthcare professionals by enabling easy sharing of medical images for consultation or second opinions. • Cost Savings: Tele-radiography can reduce the need for patients to travel long distances for imaging studies or consultations, thereby lowering healthcare costs and improving patient convenience.

- These are computer software operations available to the radiographer and radiologist that allow manual manipulation of the displayed image. - refers to a set of computer software operations that are available to radiographers and radiologists to manually manipulate the displayed medical images after they have been acquired. - enable users to enhance, adjust, and analyze the images to improve their quality or extract additional information for diagnostic purposes.

Post-processing

Common post-processing techniques in medical imaging IWZRAII3

- Image Enhancement - Windowing - Zooming/Cropping - Rotation/Flipping - Annotation/Measurement - Image Fusion - Image Filtering - 3D Reconstruction

post processing technique that allows adjusting the range of pixel values displayed within an image to highlight specific structures or tissues

Windowing

Post processing software allows user to zoom in on specific region of interest within the image of closer inspection. Cropping enables the removal of irrelevant or distracting parts of the image.

Zooming/Cropping

enable the accurate quantification of distances, angles, or other parameters within the image.

Measurement tools

post processing technique that modalities or different imaging phases may be fused together to create a composite image that provides more comprehensive information about the anatomy or pathology.

Image Fusion

plays a crucial role in modern medical imaging by enabling radiographers and radiologists to optimize image quality, extract diagnostic information, and facilitate accurate interpretation and diagnosis.

Post processing

These are image processing parameters that controls that can alter the image brightness and contrast of a digital image.

Window Level/Width

a postprocessing technique that reverses the grayscale from the original radiograph.

Image Manipulation

- used to blacken out the white collimation borders, effectively eliminating veil glare. - a viewing technique only and should never be used to mask poor collimation practices.

Background removal/shuttering

refers to the orientation of the anatomy on the image plate. The image reader has to be informed of the location of the patient's head versus feet and right side versus left side.

Image Orientation

This is done when an anatomy or area of interest is too large to fit on one cassette. In some special cases special cassette holders are used and positioned vertically corresponding to foot to hip or entire spine study.

Image Stitching

allows selection of preset terms and or manual text input that can be particularly useful when such additional information is necessary . Input of annotation for identification of patient’s left or right side should never be used as a substitute for technologist's anatomy markers.

Image Annotation

Read

CR Artifacts IDBD

- Incorrect detector orientation - Detector image lag or ghosting - Backscatter - Dead pixel artifact: where a detector element fails to receive a proper signal and therefore appears as a bright white dot in an x-ray image. A defective pixel on the display monitor can also lead to a white dot appearance

large areas of signal loss, due to detector drop

signal dropout

- faint radiopaque striping (often vertical) in the background of an image, yet not evident on the anatomy •this artifact should be carefully examined, if it does not interfere with the anatomy, it is not a detector failure/grid cut off, •often seen as lower exposure

Detector calibration limitation

results when two patterns are superimposed, a third pattern is produced. Any change in either of the first two patterns creates a change in the third.

Moire effect

similar to ghosting, however, the digital detector not being calibrated when promoted is the cause

failure of detector offset correction

the digital image often will have obscurely shaped, tight collimation that defies logic •often a computer error often fixed with recollimation post exam (this should be explored before re-examination)

Electronic shutter failure

•image appears washed out and underexposed •this is often due to a largely collimated area of smaller anatomy i.e. a patella protection •tighter digital collimation in conjunction with reprocessing will correctly

Values of interest misread

•loss of contrast in areas of different pixel density yet not change in density can be seen i.e. the metal on a knee replacement •due to poor contrast enhancement •faint grid lines present on an image, with no grid cut off

- mid grey clipping - grid-line suppression failure

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