問題一覧
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can be defined as the exchange of information, thoughts, and feelings.
Communication
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4 things a radiographer must do what in his daily work routine?
- receive - interpret - implement - and give directions
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4 things To become a successful communicator requires developing skills in
- listening - observing - speaking - writing
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4 things that human beings are born free of
- attitudes - beliefs - values - biases
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4 Elements of self concept are?
- Body image - Self-esteem - Role - Identity
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the rate at which one speaks, the volume of the voice, fluency, and vocal patterns
Paralanguage
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Respond to the feeling and the meaning of the patient’s what?
verbal expression!
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The ITEMS NECESSARY IN A COMPLETE HISTORY must include the following: LCQOAA
- Localization of the problem - Chronology - Quality - Onset - Aggravating or alleviating factors - Associated manifestations
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Phase of Grieving Process DABDA.
- denial - anger - bargaining - depression - acceptance
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A ______ is essential for a successful professional career
positive self-concept
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Therapeutic Communication Techniques (memorize at least 5)
- Establishing guidelines - Reducing distance - Listening - Using silence - Responding to the underlying message - Restating the main idea - Reflecting the main idea - Seeking and providing clarification - Making observation - Exploring - Validating - Focusing
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Non-therapeutic communication techniques (atleast 5)
- Judgmental statements - Cliché statements - False reassurance - Defending - Culing the subject - Giving advice - Subjective interpretation - Disagreeing - Probing - Demanding an explanation
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legal documents that are formulated by a competent person and that provide written information concerning the patient’s desires
Advance directives
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walking or able to walk
Ambulatory
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decrease in the size of the organ, tissue, or muscle
Atrophy
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a pressure sore
Decubitus ulcer
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labored or difficult breathing
Dyspnea
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the inability to dorsiflex the foot as a result of weakness of the dorsiflexor muscles
Footdrop
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any device that is used to limit or prevent movement of a patient that might cause injury to self or others
Immobilizer
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deficiency of blood in a body part due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel
Ischemia
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localized death of tissue due to injury or lack of oxygen
Tissue necrosis
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area of tissue necrosis that penetrates below the epidermis; excavation of the surface of any body organ
Ulceration
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3 Ways of Transferring A Patient.
- Gurney - Wheelchair - Ambulation
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8 SYMPTOMS of NEUROCIRCULATORY IMPAIRMENT that are easily detected are:
- pain, - coldness, - numbness, - burning or tingling of fingers or toes, - swelling, - color changes of the skin, - inability to move fingers or toes - decrease or absence of pulse
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Occupational dose limit for a fetus must not exceed ___ rem during the entire gestation and exposure must be limited to no more than ____ rem in any month.
1. 0.5 rem 2. 0.05 rem
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Weight should be _____ not _____. Use ___ & _____ and not the ____ for lifting.
1. pulled, not pushed 2. arm and leg muscles 3. spine
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The patient who is suspected of spinal injury must be kept in correct ______ _______ at all times.
anatomic alignment
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3 Methods of Moving Patients by Gurney
- Sheet Transfer - Log Roll: to maintain correct anatomic alignment in order to prevent the possibility of further, catastrophic neurologic injury and the prevention of pressure sores - Lateral Transfer: best accomplished with the use of a sliding board
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4 Methods of moving patients by Wheelchair Transfer
Standby Assist: divide the transfer Assisted Standing Pivot: pivot and place patient Two Person Lift: stronger person lifts torso Hydraulic Lift: used to transfer Obese patient
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________ _______: divide the transfer _______ _______ ____: pivot and place patient ___ _____ ____: stronger person lifts torso ________ ____: used to transfer Obese patient
Standby Assist Assisted Standing Pivot Two Person Lift Hydraulic Lift
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require good posture
Safe body mechanics
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means that the body is in alignment with all the parts in balance.
Good posture
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Correct upright posture is accomplished by:
>holding the chest up and slightly forward with the waist extended: This allows the lungs to expand properly and fill to capacity; >holding the head erect with the chin held in: This puts the spine in proper alignment, with a normal curve in the neck; >standing with the feet parallel and at right angles to the lower legs: The feet should be 4 to 8 inches apart. Keep body weight equally distributed on both feet; >keeping the knees slightly bent. They act as shock absorbers for the body; >keeping the buttocks in and the abdomen up and in: This prevents strain on the back and abdominal muscles.
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Keep the _______ ____ of the object close to the body To avoid self-injury when moving ______ ______, remember to keep the body’s line of balance ______ to the center of the load.
1. heaviest part 2. heavy objects 3. closest
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To prevent lower back injury, always keep the _______ __ ______, with the _____ flexed and the weight over both feet. Do not bend at the ______ or twist with the body
1. center of gravity 2. knees 3. waist
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MOVING AND TRANSFERRING PATIENTS ___ Request pertinent information concerning the patient’s ability to comply with the physical demands of the procedure while at the nurses’ station ___ Move the patient to the imaging department according to the necessary restrictions. ___ Request information concerning the patient’s ability to ambulate and any restriction or precautions to be taken concerning the patient’s mobility while at the nurses’ station. ___ Establish the correct identity of the patient. Identify yourself and the reason for being there. Ask to see the identification wristband.
2 4 3 1
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4 Assessing the Patient’s Mobility
> Deviations from correct body alignment. >Immobility or limitations in range of joint motion. >The ability to walk. >Respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculoskeletal problems. >The patient’s general condition, >The patient’s ability to understand what is expected during the transfer. >The patient’s acceptance of the move
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3 Immobilization devices in Radiology
- Positioning Sponges - Sand bags - Tape
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10 Positions likely to be used in diagnostic imaging
- SUPINE- DORSAL RECUMBENT - PRONE- VENTRAL RECUMBENT - ERECT- STANDING - SEATED- SITTING - TRENDELENBURG- table or bed is inclined with the patient’s head lower than the rest of the body - HIGH FOWLERS POSITION: Patient semi-sits with head raised at an angle of 45° to 90°. This position is used for patient in respiratory distress - SEMI-FOWLERS POSITION: Patient’s head is raised at an angle of 15° to 30° - SIMS POSITION- The person lying on the left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent - LITHOTOMY- position in which the patient is on their back with hips and knees flexed and thighs apart. - DECUBITUS/ RECUMBENT - the person lying on the left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent
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Remember to keep the bottle of fluid _____ the infusion site to prevent blood from flowing into the tubing.
above
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4 Reasons for skin breakdown: IFPP
- Immobilization devices: causes tissue necrosis - Friction caused by movement: can cause ulceration - Prolonged time on damp sheet (urine or fecal material): can cause ulceration - Prolonged time in same position: can cause ulceration
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4 Condition to avoid: IRNU
Ischemia Reactive hyperemia Necrosis Ulceration Necrosis
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Preventing of Decubitus Ulcer ___Prevent bruising during transfer ___Keep patient clean and dry ___Frequent position change ___Keep pressure of hips, knee and heels(use pillow or sponge support)
4 3 1 2
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An atmosphere of discontent is created primarily through communication
Nontherapeutic communication
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when a person is faced with the possibility of imminent death.
Anticipatory grieving
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4 Learning Styles:
- Global - Visual - Auditory - Kinesthetic