Chapter 3.5/4

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can be defined as the exchange of information, thoughts, and feelings.

Communication

4 things a radiographer must do what in his daily work routine?

- receive - interpret - implement - and give directions

4 things To become a successful communicator requires developing skills in

- listening - observing - speaking - writing

4 things that human beings are born free of

- attitudes - beliefs - values - biases

4 Elements of self concept are?

- Body image - Self-esteem - Role - Identity

the rate at which one speaks, the volume of the voice, fluency, and vocal patterns

Paralanguage

Respond to the feeling and the meaning of the patient’s what?

verbal expression!

The ITEMS NECESSARY IN A COMPLETE HISTORY must include the following: LCQOAA

- Localization of the problem - Chronology - Quality - Onset - Aggravating or alleviating factors - Associated manifestations

Phase of Grieving Process DABDA.

- denial - anger - bargaining - depression - acceptance

A ______ is essential for a successful professional career

positive self-concept

Therapeutic Communication Techniques (memorize at least 5)

- Establishing guidelines - Reducing distance - Listening - Using silence - Responding to the underlying message - Restating the main idea - Reflecting the main idea - Seeking and providing clarification - Making observation - Exploring - Validating - Focusing

Non-therapeutic communication techniques (atleast 5)

- Judgmental statements - Cliché statements - False reassurance - Defending - Culing the subject - Giving advice - Subjective interpretation - Disagreeing - Probing - Demanding an explanation

legal documents that are formulated by a competent person and that provide written information concerning the patient’s desires

Advance directives

walking or able to walk

Ambulatory

decrease in the size of the organ, tissue, or muscle

Atrophy

a pressure sore

Decubitus ulcer

labored or difficult breathing

Dyspnea

the inability to dorsiflex the foot as a result of weakness of the dorsiflexor muscles

Footdrop

any device that is used to limit or prevent movement of a patient that might cause injury to self or others

Immobilizer

deficiency of blood in a body part due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel

Ischemia

localized death of tissue due to injury or lack of oxygen

Tissue necrosis

area of tissue necrosis that penetrates below the epidermis; excavation of the surface of any body organ

Ulceration

3 Ways of Transferring A Patient.

- Gurney - Wheelchair - Ambulation

8 SYMPTOMS of NEUROCIRCULATORY IMPAIRMENT that are easily detected are:

- pain, - coldness, - numbness, - burning or tingling of fingers or toes, - swelling, - color changes of the skin, - inability to move fingers or toes - decrease or absence of pulse

Occupational dose limit for a fetus must not exceed ___ rem during the entire gestation and exposure must be limited to no more than ____ rem in any month.

1. 0.5 rem 2. 0.05 rem

Weight should be _____ not _____. Use ___ & _____ and not the ____ for lifting.

1. pulled, not pushed 2. arm and leg muscles 3. spine

The patient who is suspected of spinal injury must be kept in correct ______ _______ at all times.

anatomic alignment

3 Methods of Moving Patients by Gurney

- Sheet Transfer - Log Roll: to maintain correct anatomic alignment in order to prevent the possibility of further, catastrophic neurologic injury and the prevention of pressure sores - Lateral Transfer: best accomplished with the use of a sliding board

4 Methods of moving patients by Wheelchair Transfer

Standby Assist: divide the transfer Assisted Standing Pivot: pivot and place patient Two Person Lift: stronger person lifts torso Hydraulic Lift: used to transfer Obese patient

________ _______: divide the transfer _______ _______ ____: pivot and place patient ___ _____ ____: stronger person lifts torso ________ ____: used to transfer Obese patient

Standby Assist Assisted Standing Pivot Two Person Lift Hydraulic Lift

require good posture

Safe body mechanics

means that the body is in alignment with all the parts in balance.

Good posture

Correct upright posture is accomplished by:

>holding the chest up and slightly forward with the waist extended: This allows the lungs to expand properly and fill to capacity; >holding the head erect with the chin held in: This puts the spine in proper alignment, with a normal curve in the neck; >standing with the feet parallel and at right angles to the lower legs: The feet should be 4 to 8 inches apart. Keep body weight equally distributed on both feet; >keeping the knees slightly bent. They act as shock absorbers for the body; >keeping the buttocks in and the abdomen up and in: This prevents strain on the back and abdominal muscles.

Keep the _______ ____ of the object close to the body To avoid self-injury when moving ______ ______, remember to keep the body’s line of balance ______ to the center of the load.

1. heaviest part 2. heavy objects 3. closest

To prevent lower back injury, always keep the _______ __ ______, with the _____ flexed and the weight over both feet. Do not bend at the ______ or twist with the body

1. center of gravity 2. knees 3. waist

MOVING AND TRANSFERRING PATIENTS ___ Request pertinent information concerning the patient’s ability to comply with the physical demands of the procedure while at the nurses’ station ___ Move the patient to the imaging department according to the necessary restrictions. ___ Request information concerning the patient’s ability to ambulate and any restriction or precautions to be taken concerning the patient’s mobility while at the nurses’ station. ___ Establish the correct identity of the patient. Identify yourself and the reason for being there. Ask to see the identification wristband.

2 4 3 1

4 Assessing the Patient’s Mobility

> Deviations from correct body alignment. >Immobility or limitations in range of joint motion. >The ability to walk. >Respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculoskeletal problems. >The patient’s general condition, >The patient’s ability to understand what is expected during the transfer. >The patient’s acceptance of the move

3 Immobilization devices in Radiology

- Positioning Sponges - Sand bags - Tape

10 Positions likely to be used in diagnostic imaging

- SUPINE- DORSAL RECUMBENT - PRONE- VENTRAL RECUMBENT - ERECT- STANDING - SEATED- SITTING - TRENDELENBURG- table or bed is inclined with the patient’s head lower than the rest of the body - HIGH FOWLERS POSITION: Patient semi-sits with head raised at an angle of 45° to 90°. This position is used for patient in respiratory distress - SEMI-FOWLERS POSITION: Patient’s head is raised at an angle of 15° to 30° - SIMS POSITION- The person lying on the left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent - LITHOTOMY- position in which the patient is on their back with hips and knees flexed and thighs apart. - DECUBITUS/ RECUMBENT - the person lying on the left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent

Remember to keep the bottle of fluid _____ the infusion site to prevent blood from flowing into the tubing.

above

4 Reasons for skin breakdown: IFPP

- Immobilization devices: causes tissue necrosis - Friction caused by movement: can cause ulceration - Prolonged time on damp sheet (urine or fecal material): can cause ulceration - Prolonged time in same position: can cause ulceration

4 Condition to avoid: IRNU

Ischemia Reactive hyperemia Necrosis Ulceration Necrosis

Preventing of Decubitus Ulcer ___Prevent bruising during transfer ___Keep patient clean and dry ___Frequent position change ___Keep pressure of hips, knee and heels(use pillow or sponge support)

4 3 1 2

An atmosphere of discontent is created primarily through communication

Nontherapeutic communication

when a person is faced with the possibility of imminent death.

Anticipatory grieving

4 Learning Styles:

- Global - Visual - Auditory - Kinesthetic

physiology of circulation academic weaponizer

E · 24問 · 2年前