RPC F2

51問 • 1年前

通報

問題一覧

2 out of 5 ways/mechanisms that are most important in diagnostic imaging radiography

Compton Effect & Photoelectric Effect

Difference of Compton and Photoelectric Effect

Compton outer shell, Photoelectric inner shell

what do X-rays interact through matter as

Waves & Particles

Xrays have very _____ wavelengths

short

wavelengths of X-rays

10^-8 to 10^-9 meters

The higher the energy of x-rays, the ________ the wavelength

shorter

X-rays that tend to interact with whole atoms

Low energy x-rays

X-rays that generally interact with electrons

Moderate energy x-rays

X-rays that interact with nuclei

High energy x-rays

5 Mechanisms For X-Ray Interaction

* Coherent Scattering * Compton Effect * Photoelectric Effect * Pair Production * Photo-disintegration

Coherent Scattering was discovered by ___________ also known as _______ or ________ scattering Energy below ___ keV

1. J.J Thompson 2. Classical/Thompson 3. 10

________ scattering is of little importance in diagnostic radiology as it involves low energy x-rays and does not contribute to medical image production ________ Scattering - involves a single electron in the interaction ________ Scattering - results from a cooperative interaction with all the electrons of an atom

1. Coherent 2. Thompson 3. Rayleigh

The incident ____ interacts with the _______ causing it become excited.

1. x-ray 2. target atom

This immediately releases this excess energy as a scattered x-ray with wavelengths equal to that of the incident x-ray and therefore of equal energy.

Target Atom

Direction of the scattered x-ray is _______ from that of the incident x-rays (different or same)

Different

The result of COHERENT SCATTERING is a change in ______ of the x-ray without a change in its ________

1. Direction 2. Energy

Most coherently scattered x-rays are scattered in the what direction?

Forward

Some coherent scattering occurs at __ kVp and contributes slightly to image noise which reduces image contrast

Occurs when x-rays throughout the diagnostic range undergo interactions with the outer shell electrons that not only scatters the x-ray, but also reduces its energy.

Compton Effect

What do you call the outer shell electron ejected by incident x-rays?

Compton Electron/Recoil Electron

The energy of the ejected electron is ____ to its binding energy plus the kinetic energy with which it leaves the atom.

Equal

This type of x-rays are absorbed photoelectrically.

Scattered X-rays

__________ loses all of its kinetic energy through ionization and excitation and drops into a vacancy in an electron shell previously created by some other ionizing event.

Compton Electron

X-rays that are scattered back in the direction of the incident x-ray beam

Backscatter Radiation

_________ reduces image contrast (Increases Image Fog)

Compton Scattering

- This interaction in tissue can occur in all x-rays and therefore of considerable importance in X-ray imaging. - Results in occupational exposure for radiologic technologists.

Compton Effect

As x-ray energy increases with loosely bound electrons there will be increased what?

Penetration

As mass density of absorber increases there will be _______ increase in compton scattering

Proportional

- Occurs when x-rays in the diagnostic range undergo ionization interactions with INNER SHELL ELECTRONS - Responsible for producing contrast on the radiograph - only occurs if the incident x-ray has energy equal to or greater than the electron binding energy

Photoelectric Effect

electrons removed from the atom and escapes with kinetic energy equal to the difference between the energy of the incident x-ray and the binding energy of the electron

Photoelectrons

are produced after photoelectric interaction

Characteristic X-rays

What happens to the Photoelectron kinetic energy when dealing low atomic number?

becomes nearly equal to the energy of the incident x-ray

What happens to the Photoelectric kinetic energy when dealing with High Atomic Number

becomes lower

Ejection of K-shell photoelectron by _______ results in vacancy in the K-shell.

Incident X-rays

_______ fills in the vacant space accompanied by emission of x-rays

Outer shell electron

Characteristic x-rays may consist of __________ and behave as __________

Secondary radiation Scattered Radation

Energy of these characteristic x-rays is inverse to the difference between binding energies of the shells involved. TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE. it is equal

- Does not occur during x-ray imaging. - Occurs when x-rays have sufficient energy to escape electron interaction and come close enough to the nucleus of an atom. - Observed in Positron Emission Tomography.

Pair Production

2 particles produced by x-ray when they disappear during pair production

Electron and Positron

Incident x-ray energy with unit during pair production

1.02 MeV

Electron energy with unit during pair production

0.51 MeV

The process called when a positron unites with a free electron and the mass of both particles is converted into energy

Annihilation Radiation

Energy is greater than 10 MeV. Does not occur in diagnostic radiography.

Photo-disintegration

energy (with unit) needed by x-rays to escape interaction and be absorbed directly by the nucleus

10 MeV

Atomic Number of Fat - Tissue - Lung - Bone -

Fat - 6.3 Tissue - 7.4 Lung - 7.4 Bone - 13.8

Atomic number of contrast materials? Air - Iodine - Barium -

Air - 7.6 Iodine - 53 Barium - 56

Atomic Number of Others Concrete - Molybdenum - Tungsten - Lead -

Concrete - 17 Molybdenum - 42 Tungsten - 74 Lead - 82

Energy of the following Coherent Scattering - Compton Scattering - Photoelectric Effect - Pair Production - Photodisintegration -

Energy of the following Coherent Scattering - energy below 10 keV Compton Scattering - Moderate energy (above 10 keV) Photoelectric Effect - Moderate Energy Pair Production - energy above 1.02 MeV Photodisintegration - above 10 MeV

Part of Interaction of the following Coherent Scattering - Compton Scattering - Photoelectric Effect - Pair Production - Photo-disintegration -

Part of Interaction, Effect of the following Coherent Scattering - whole atoms, Compton Scattering - outer shell electron, Photoelectric Effect - inner shell electron, Pair Production - Nuclear force field, Photo-disintegration - Nucleus,

Product of the following Coherent Scattering - Compton Scattering - Photoelectric Effect - Pair Production - Photo-disintegration -

Product of the following Coherent Scattering - scattered radiation Compton Scattering - compton electron, scattered radiation Photoelectric Effect - Photoelectron, characteristic x-rays Pair Production - positron, electron Photo-disintegration - nuclear fragments

Effect of the following Coherent Scattering - Compton Scattering - Photoelectric Effect - Pair Production - Photo-disintegration -

Coherent Scattering - excitation of atoms Compton Scattering - ionization Photoelectric Effect - ionization Pair Production - annihilation Photo-disintegration - excitation of nucleus

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RPC L5

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RPC M1/2

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RPC M3

問題一覧

2 out of 5 ways/mechanisms that are most important in diagnostic imaging radiography

Compton Effect & Photoelectric Effect

Difference of Compton and Photoelectric Effect

Compton outer shell, Photoelectric inner shell

what do X-rays interact through matter as

Waves & Particles

Xrays have very _____ wavelengths

short

wavelengths of X-rays

10^-8 to 10^-9 meters

The higher the energy of x-rays, the ________ the wavelength

shorter

X-rays that tend to interact with whole atoms

Low energy x-rays

X-rays that generally interact with electrons

Moderate energy x-rays

X-rays that interact with nuclei

High energy x-rays

5 Mechanisms For X-Ray Interaction

* Coherent Scattering * Compton Effect * Photoelectric Effect * Pair Production * Photo-disintegration

Coherent Scattering was discovered by ___________ also known as _______ or ________ scattering Energy below ___ keV

1. J.J Thompson 2. Classical/Thompson 3. 10

1. Coherent 2. Thompson 3. Rayleigh

The incident ____ interacts with the _______ causing it become excited.

1. x-ray 2. target atom

This immediately releases this excess energy as a scattered x-ray with wavelengths equal to that of the incident x-ray and therefore of equal energy.

Target Atom

Direction of the scattered x-ray is _______ from that of the incident x-rays (different or same)

Different

The result of COHERENT SCATTERING is a change in ______ of the x-ray without a change in its ________

1. Direction 2. Energy

Most coherently scattered x-rays are scattered in the what direction?

Forward

Some coherent scattering occurs at __ kVp and contributes slightly to image noise which reduces image contrast

Occurs when x-rays throughout the diagnostic range undergo interactions with the outer shell electrons that not only scatters the x-ray, but also reduces its energy.

Compton Effect

What do you call the outer shell electron ejected by incident x-rays?

Compton Electron/Recoil Electron

The energy of the ejected electron is ____ to its binding energy plus the kinetic energy with which it leaves the atom.

Equal

This type of x-rays are absorbed photoelectrically.

Scattered X-rays

__________ loses all of its kinetic energy through ionization and excitation and drops into a vacancy in an electron shell previously created by some other ionizing event.

Compton Electron

X-rays that are scattered back in the direction of the incident x-ray beam

Backscatter Radiation

_________ reduces image contrast (Increases Image Fog)

Compton Scattering

- This interaction in tissue can occur in all x-rays and therefore of considerable importance in X-ray imaging. - Results in occupational exposure for radiologic technologists.

Compton Effect

As x-ray energy increases with loosely bound electrons there will be increased what?

Penetration

As mass density of absorber increases there will be _______ increase in compton scattering

Proportional

Photoelectric Effect

electrons removed from the atom and escapes with kinetic energy equal to the difference between the energy of the incident x-ray and the binding energy of the electron

Photoelectrons

are produced after photoelectric interaction

Characteristic X-rays

What happens to the Photoelectron kinetic energy when dealing low atomic number?

becomes nearly equal to the energy of the incident x-ray

What happens to the Photoelectric kinetic energy when dealing with High Atomic Number

becomes lower

Ejection of K-shell photoelectron by _______ results in vacancy in the K-shell.

Incident X-rays

_______ fills in the vacant space accompanied by emission of x-rays

Outer shell electron

Characteristic x-rays may consist of __________ and behave as __________

Secondary radiation Scattered Radation

Energy of these characteristic x-rays is inverse to the difference between binding energies of the shells involved. TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE. it is equal

Pair Production

2 particles produced by x-ray when they disappear during pair production

Electron and Positron

Incident x-ray energy with unit during pair production

1.02 MeV

Electron energy with unit during pair production

0.51 MeV

The process called when a positron unites with a free electron and the mass of both particles is converted into energy

Annihilation Radiation

Energy is greater than 10 MeV. Does not occur in diagnostic radiography.

Photo-disintegration

energy (with unit) needed by x-rays to escape interaction and be absorbed directly by the nucleus

10 MeV

Atomic Number of Fat - Tissue - Lung - Bone -

Fat - 6.3 Tissue - 7.4 Lung - 7.4 Bone - 13.8

Atomic number of contrast materials? Air - Iodine - Barium -

Air - 7.6 Iodine - 53 Barium - 56

Atomic Number of Others Concrete - Molybdenum - Tungsten - Lead -

Concrete - 17 Molybdenum - 42 Tungsten - 74 Lead - 82

Energy of the following Coherent Scattering - Compton Scattering - Photoelectric Effect - Pair Production - Photodisintegration -

Part of Interaction of the following Coherent Scattering - Compton Scattering - Photoelectric Effect - Pair Production - Photo-disintegration -

Product of the following Coherent Scattering - Compton Scattering - Photoelectric Effect - Pair Production - Photo-disintegration -

Effect of the following Coherent Scattering - Compton Scattering - Photoelectric Effect - Pair Production - Photo-disintegration -

Coherent Scattering - excitation of atoms Compton Scattering - ionization Photoelectric Effect - ionization Pair Production - annihilation Photo-disintegration - excitation of nucleus