atom that has an electric charge

the removal or addition of an electron in an atom.

- this is called an ionized atom and the released electron - this is created by the simultaneous production of a positively charged particle and the negatively charged particle?

represent different electron binding energies or energy levels.

- number of this can be used to determine the position of the atom and determine the period of the element

what physicists call the shell number n

number of this will determine the group of the element

outer shell cannot contain more than how many electrons?

- atoms that are associated with an addition of electrons in the inner shells instead of the next outer shell - mostly found after the 4th period in the table of elements

flying out from the center force, it is the force created by the electron velocity, electrons maintain their distance from the nucleus while traveling in a circular or elliptical path

center seeking force, prevents electrons from flying off from nucleus, results from a basic law of electricity that states that opposite charges attract one another and like charges repel.

strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus of an atom

indicate an element by form of an alphabetical abbreviation.

number of protons and is represented by the letter Z

number of protons and neutrons, and is represented by the letter A.

determined by a measurement and rarely is a whole number

determined by the relative abundance of isotopes and their respective atomic masses.

atomic species characterized by the specific CONSTITUTION OF ITS NUCLEUS

atoms that have the same atomic number, but different atomic mass numbers.

atoms that have different atomic numbers, but same atomic mass numbers

atoms that have different atomic numbers and atomic mass numbers, but have the same neutron numbers.

substance composed of any quantity of one type of molecule.

- Atoms try to reach the most stable state they can. - Many atoms become stable when their valence shell is filled with electrons or when they satisfy the octet rule (having 8 valence

- Some atoms reach stability by gaining or losing an entire electron. - Atoms form ions (charged particles) when they lose or gain

- Another way of atoms to reach stability - Atoms SHARE electrons instead of losing or gaining them. - More common in living organisms.

key to the structure of carbon-based organic molecules like our DNA and proteins.

combinations of various elements to form structures

atoms that have the same atomic number, atomic mass number, and neutron number but differ in energy states