atoms that have different atomic numbers, but same atomic mass numbers

outer shell cannot contain more than how many electrons?

substance composed of any quantity of one type of molecule.

the removal or addition of an electron in an atom.

strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus of an atom

number of protons and is represented by the letter Z

- Some atoms reach stability by gaining or losing an entire electron. - Atoms form ions (charged particles) when they lose or gain

- number of this can be used to determine the position of the atom and determine the period of the element

combinations of various elements to form structures

atomic species characterized by the specific CONSTITUTION OF ITS NUCLEUS

atoms that have the same atomic number, atomic mass number, and neutron number but differ in energy states

- Another way of atoms to reach stability - Atoms SHARE electrons instead of losing or gaining them. - More common in living organisms.

indicate an element by form of an alphabetical abbreviation.

- Atoms try to reach the most stable state they can. - Many atoms become stable when their valence shell is filled with electrons or when they satisfy the octet rule (having 8 valence

represent different electron binding energies or energy levels.

what physicists call the shell number n

atoms that have different atomic numbers and atomic mass numbers, but have the same neutron numbers.

atom that has an electric charge

number of this will determine the group of the element

determined by a measurement and rarely is a whole number

atoms that have the same atomic number, but different atomic mass numbers.

flying out from the center force, it is the force created by the electron velocity, electrons maintain their distance from the nucleus while traveling in a circular or elliptical path

determined by the relative abundance of isotopes and their respective atomic masses.

- this is called an ionized atom and the released electron - this is created by the simultaneous production of a positively charged particle and the negatively charged particle?

number of protons and neutrons, and is represented by the letter A.

key to the structure of carbon-based organic molecules like our DNA and proteins.

center seeking force, prevents electrons from flying off from nucleus, results from a basic law of electricity that states that opposite charges attract one another and like charges repel.

- atoms that are associated with an addition of electrons in the inner shells instead of the next outer shell - mostly found after the 4th period in the table of elements