Instruments, Engines and Systems

varies for different headings of the same aircraft

normal operations

Design limit load factors may be exceeded, if gusts are encountered

The maneuvering speed

installation and instrument error

altitude and nonstandard temperature

It is a backup in case of vacuum system failure

indicates roll rate, rate of turn, and coordination; the turn-and-slip indicator indicates rate of turn and coordination

gains altitude with no mixture adjustment

The density of air entering the carburetor decreases and the amount of fuel remains constant

remains constant while the density of air decreases

decrease the fuel flow to compensate for decreased air density

fouling of spark plugs

mixture control

weight of fuel and weight of air entering the cylinder

the most power can be obtained for any given throttle setting

prevents the fuel/air combination from becoming too rich at higher altitudes

As temperature increases, thrust decreases

It enriches the fuel/air mixture

enrich the fuel/air mixture

will increase the ground roll

the unburned fuel/air charge in the cylinders is subjected to instantaneous combustion

using a lower grade of fuel than recommended

pre-ignition

the fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly

should not normally happen. Indicates a magneto not grounding in OFF position

idle the engine and momentarily turn the ignition off

a broken magneto ground wire

rapid opening and closing of the throttle

could accidently start if the propeller is moved with fuel in the cylinder

the circulation of lubricating oil

the oil level being too low

exhaust gases leaking into the cockpit

ratio of thrust horsepower to brake horsepower

permits a relatively constant angle of attack along its length when in cruising flight

airspeed and RPM

The propeller control regulates the engine RPM and in turn the propeller RPM

small angle of attack and high RPM

small angle of attack and high RPM

decreasing RPM by increasing propeller blade angle

increased, increase the RPM before increasing the manifold pressure