Flight Operations

Straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents

opposite the direction from which the wind is blowing

Aileron down on the side from which the wind is blowing

rudder as required to maintain directional control, aileron pressure into the wind, and higher than normal lift-off airspeed in both conventional- and nosewheel-type airplanes

direction of motion of the airplane and its longitudinal axis be parallel to the runway

A power-on approach and power-on landing

Increase the airspeed slightly above normal approach speed to attain more positive control

maintaining a safe airspeed

apply rule-of-thumb computations, estimates, and other appropriate shortcuts to divert to the new course as soon as possible

during all types of operations, both day and night

The cabin area as well as the engine should be preheated

ice from crankcase vapors that have condensed and subsequently frozen

recycling the gear

design-maneuvering speed

Set power and trim to obtain an airspeed at or below maneuvering speed, maintain wings level, and accept variations of airspeed and altitude

Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air

rods in the eyes have become adjusted to the darkness in approximately 30 minutes

availability and status of en route and destination airport lighting systems

destination airport lighting systems

obstructions or areas considered hazardous to aerial navigation

A gradual disappearance of lights on the ground

planning the emergency approach and landing to an unlighted portion of an area