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100問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Insufficient centrifugation will result in: A. A false increase in hematocrit (Hct) value B. A false decrease in Hct value C. No effect on Hct value D. All of these options, depending on the patient

A. A false increase in hematocrit (Hct) value

Variation in red cell size observed on the peripheral smear is described as: A. Anisocytosis B. Hypochromia C. Poikilocytosis D. Pleocytosis

A. Anisocytosis

Which of the following is the preferable site for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in an adult? A. Iliac crest B. Sternum C. Tibia D. Spinous processes of a vertebra

A. Iliac crest

Mean cell volume (MCV) is calculated using the following formula: A. (Hgb ÷ RBC) × 10 B. (Hct ÷ RBC) × 10 C. (Hct ÷ Hgb) × 100 D. (Hgb ÷ RBC) × 100

B. (Hct ÷ RBC) × 10

What term describes the change in shape of erythrocytes seen on a Wright’s-stained peripheral blood smear? A. Poikilocytosis B. Anisocytosis C. Hypochromia D. Polychromasia

A. Poikilocytosis

Calculate the mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) using the following values: Hgb: 15 g/dL (150 g/L) Hct: 47 mL/dL (0.47) RBC: 4.50 × 106/μL (4.50 × 1012/L) A. 9.5% (.095) B. 10.4% (.104) C. 31.9% (.319) D. 33.3% (.333)

C. 31.9% (.319)

A manual white blood cell (WBC) count wasperformed. A total of 36 cells were counted in all 9-mm2 squares of a Neubauer-ruled hemacytometer. A 1:10 dilution was used. What is the WBC count? A. 0.4 × 109/L B. 2.5 × 109/L C. 4.0 × 109/L D. 8.0 × 109/L

A. 0.4 × 109/L

When an erythrocyte containing iron granules is stained with Prussian blue, the cell is called a: A. Spherocyte B. Leptocyte C. Schistocyte D. Siderocyte

D. Siderocyte

A 7.0-mL ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube is received in the laboratory containing only 2.0 mL of blood. If the laboratory is using manual techniques, which of the following tests will most likely be erroneous? A. RBC count B. Hemoglobin (Hgb) C. Hct D. WBC count

C. Hct

A 1:200 dilution of a patient’s sample was made and 336 red cells were counted in an area of 0.2 mm2. What is the RBC count? A. 1.68 × 1012/L B. 3.36 × 1012/L C. 4.47 × 1012/L D. 6.66 × 1012/L

B. 3.36 × 1012/L

What phagocytic cells produce lysozymes that are bacteriocidal? A. Eosinophils B. Lymphocytes C. Platelets D. Neutrophils

D. Neutrophils

If a patient has a reticulocyte count of 7% and an Hct of 20%, what is the corrected reticulocyte count? A. 1.4% B. 3.1% C. 3.5% D. 14%

B. 3.1%

A decreased osmotic fragility test would be associated with which of the following conditions? A. Sickle cell anemia B. Hereditary spherocytosis C. Hemolytic disease of the newborn D. Acquired hemolytic anemia

A. Sickle cell anemia

What effect would using a buffer at pH 6.0 have on a Wright’s-stained smear? A. Red cells would be stained too pink B. White cell cytoplasm would be stained too blue C. Red cells would be stained too blue D. Red cells would lyse on the slide

A. Red cells would be stained too pink

Which of the following erythrocyte inclusions can be visualized with supravital stain but cannot be detected on a Wright’s-stained blood smear? A. Basophilic stippling B. Heinz bodies C. Howell–Jolly bodies D. Siderotic granules

B. Heinz bodies

A falsely elevated Hct is obtained. Which of the following calculated values will not be affected? A. MCV B. MCH C. MCHC D. Red cell distribution width (RDW)

B. MCH

A Miller disk is an ocular device used to facilitate counting of: A. Platelets B. Reticulocytes C. Sickle cells D. Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs)

B. Reticulocytes

SITUATION: RBC indices obtained on an anemic patient are as follows: MCV 88 μm3 (fL); MCH 30 pg; MCHC 34% (.340). The RBCs on the peripheral smear would appear: A. Microcytic, hypochromic B. Microcytic, normochromic C. Normocytic, normochromic D. Normocytic, hypochromic

C. Normocytic, normochromic

All of the following factors may influence the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) except: A. Blood drawn into a sodium citrate tube B. Anisocytosis, poikilocytosis C. Plasma proteins D. Caliber of the tube

A. Blood drawn into a sodium citrate tube

What staining method is used most frequently to stain and manually count reticulocytes? A. Immunofluorescence B. Supravital staining C. Romanowsky staining D. Cytochemical staining

B. Supravital staining

The Coulter principle for counting of cells is based upon the fact that: A. Isotonic solutions conduct electricity better than cells do B. Conductivity varies proportionally to the number of cells C. Cells conduct electricity better than saline does D. Isotonic solutions cannot conduct electricity

A. Isotonic solutions conduct electricity better than cells do

A correction is necessary for WBC counts when nucleated RBCs are seen on the peripheral smear because: A. The WBC count would be falsely lower B. The RBC count is too low C. Nucleated RBCs are counted as leukocytes D. Nucleated RBCs are confused with giant platelets

C. Nucleated RBCs are counted as leukocytes

Using an electronic cell counter analyzer, an increased RDW should correlate with: A. Spherocytosis B. Anisocytosis C. Leukocytosis D. Presence of NRBCs

B. Anisocytosis

Given the following values, which set of red blood cell indices suggests spherocytosis? A. MCV 76 μm3 MCH 19.9 pg MCHC 28.5% B. MCV 90 μm3 MCH 30.5 pg MCHC 32.5% C. MCV 80 μm3 MCH 36.5 pg MCHC 39.0% D. MCV 81 μm3 MCH 29.0 pg MCHC 34.8%

C. MCV 80 μm3 MCH 36.5 pg MCHC 39.0%

Which of the following statistical terms reflects the best index of precision when comparing two CBC parameters? A. Mean B. Median C. Coefficient of variation D. Standard deviation

C. Coefficient of variation

Which of the following is considered a normal hemoglobin? A. Carboxyhemoglobin B. Methemoglobin C. Sulfhemoglobin D. Deoxyhemoglobin

D. Deoxyhemoglobin

Which condition will shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right? A. Acidosis B. Alkalosis C. Multiple blood transfusions D. Increased quantities of hemoglobin S or C

A. Acidosis

In which age group would 60% lymphocytes be a normal finding? A. 6 months–2 years B. 4–6 years C. 11–15 years D. 40–60 years

A. 6 months–2 years

Which of the following results on an automated differential suggests that a peripheral smear should be reviewed manually? A. Segs = 70% B. Band = 6% C. Mono = 15% D. Eos = 2%

C. Mono = 15%

Which is the first stage of erythrocytic maturation in which the cytoplasm is pink due to the formation of hemoglobin? A. Reticulocyte B. Pronormoblast C. Basophilic normoblast D. Polychromatic normoblast

D. Polychromatic normoblast

Which of the following Hgb configurations is characteristic of Hgb H? A. ?4 B. a2-?2 C. ß4 D. a2-ß2

C. ß4

Autoagglutination of red cells at room temperature can cause which of the following abnormal test results? A. Low RBC count B. High MCV C. Low hematocrit D. All of these options

D. All of these options

Hypersplenism is characterized by: A. Polycythemia B. Pancytosis C. Leukopenia D. Myelodysplasia

C. Leukopenia

Which of the following organs is responsible for the “pitting process” for RBCs? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Kidney D. Lymph nodes

B. Spleen

Spherocytes differ from normal red cells in all of the following except: A. Decreased surface to volume B. No central pallor C. Decreased resistance to hypotonic saline D. Increased deformability

D. Increased deformability

Which of the following is not associated with hereditary spherocytosis? A. Increased osmotic fragility B. An MCHC greater than 36% C. Intravascular hemolysis D. Extravascular hemolysis

C. Intravascular hemolysis

Which of the following disorders has an increase in osmotic fragility? A. Iron deficiency anemia B. Hereditary elliptocytosis C. Hereditary stomatocytosis D. Hereditary spherocytosis

D. Hereditary spherocytosis

The anemia seen in sickle cell disease is usually: A. Microcytic, normochromic B. Microcytic, hypochromic C. Normocytic, normochromic D. Normocytic, hypochromic

C. Normocytic, normochromic

Which is the major Hgb found in the RBCs of patients with sickle cell trait? A. Hgb S B. Hgb F C. Hgb A2 D. Hgb A

D. Hgb A

Select the amino acid substitution that is responsible for sickle cell anemia. A. Lysine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the a-chain B. Valine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the ß-chain C. Valine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the a-chain D. Glutamine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the ß-chain

B. Valine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the ß-chain

All of the following are usually found in Hgb C disease except: A. Hgb C crystals B. Target cells C. Lysine substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the β–chain D. Fast mobility of Hgb C at pH 8.6

D. Fast mobility of Hgb C at pH 8.6

Which of the following hemoglobins migrates to the same position as Hgb A2 at pH 8.6? A. Hgb H B. Hgb F C. Hgb C D. Hgb S

C. Hgb C

Which of the following electrophoretic results is consistent with a diagnosis of sickle cell trait? A. Hgb A: 40% Hgb S: 35% Hgb F: 5% B. Hgb A: 60% Hgb S: 40% Hgb A2: 2% C. Hgb A: 0% Hgb A2: 5% Hgb F: 95% D. Hgb A: 80% Hgb S: 10% Hgb A2: 10%

B. Hgb A: 60% Hgb S: 40% Hgb A2: 2%

In which of the following conditions will autosplenectomy most likely occur? A. Thalassemia major B. Hgb C disease C. Hgb SC disease D. Sickle cell disease

D. Sickle cell disease

Which of the following is most true of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)? A. It is a rare acquired stem cell disorder that results in hemolysis B. It is inherited as a sex-linked trait C. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait D. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait

A. It is a rare acquired stem cell disorder that results in hemolysi

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by all of the following except: A. Hemorrhage B. Thrombocytopenia C. Hemoglobinuria D. Reticulocytopenia

D. Reticulocytopenia

An autohemolysis test is positive in all the following conditions except: A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency B. Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) C. Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency D. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

D. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

Which antibody is associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)? A. Anti-I B. Anti-i C. Anti-M D. Anti-P

D. Anti-P

All of the following are associated with intravascular hemolysis except: A. Methemoglobinemia B. Hemoglobinuria C. Hemoglobinemia D. Decreased haptoglobin

A. Methemoglobinemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is best characterized by which of the following? A. Increased levels of plasma C3 B. Spherocytic red cells C. Decreased osmotic fragility D. Decreased unconjugated bilirubin

B. Spherocytic red cells

“Bite cells” are usually seen in patients with: A. Rh null trait B. Chronic granulomatous disease C. G6PD deficiency D. PK deficiency

C. G6PD deficiency

The morphological classification of anemias is based on which of the following? A. M:E (myeloid:erythroid) ratio B. Prussian blue stain C. RBC indices D. Reticulocyte count

C. RBC indices

Which of the following is a common finding in aplastic anemia? A. A monoclonal disorder B. Tumor infiltration C. Peripheral blood pancytopenia D. Defective DNA synthesis

C. Peripheral blood pancytopenia

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are characterized by: A. Bizarre multinucleated erythroblasts B. Cytogenetic disorders C. Megaloblastic erythropoiesis D. An elevated M:E ratio

A. Bizarre multinucleated erythroblasts

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is characterized by: A. Target cells and Cabot rings B. Toxic granulation and Döhle bodies C. Pappenheimer bodies and basophilic stippling D. Schistocytes and nucleated RBCs

D. Schistocytes and nucleated RBCs

Which antibiotic(s) is (are) most often implicated in the development of aplastic anemia? A. Sulfonamides B. Penicillin C. Tetracycline D. Chloramphenicol

D. Chloramphenicol

Sickle cell disorders are: A. Hereditary, intracorpuscular RBC defects B. Hereditary, extracorpuscular RBC defects C. Acquired, intracorpuscular RBC defects D. Acquired, extracorpuscular RBC defects

A. Hereditary, intracorpuscular RBC defects

Which of the following conditions may produce spherocytes in a peripheral smear? A. Pelger–Huët anomaly B. Pernicious anemia C. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia D. Sideroblastic anemia

C. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A patient’s peripheral smear reveals numerous NRBCs, marked variation of red cell morphology, and pronounced polychromasia. In addition to a decreased Hgb and decreased Hct values, what other CBC parameters may be anticipated? A. Reduced platelets B. Increased MCHC C. Increased MCV D. Decreased red-cell distribution width (RDW)

C. Increased MCV

What red cell inclusion may be seen in the peripheral blood smear of a patient postsplenectomy? A. Toxic granulation B. Howell–Jolly bodies C. Malarial parasites D. Siderotic granules

B. Howell–Jolly bodies

Reticulocytosis usually indicates: A. Response to inflammation B. Neoplastic process C. Aplastic anemia D. Red cell regeneration

D. Red cell regeneration

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HP) is a red cell membrane defect characterized by: A. Increased pencil-shaped cells B. Increased oval macrocytes C. Misshapen budding fragmented cells D. Bite cells

C. Misshapen budding fragmented cells

The osmotic fragility test result in a patient with thalassemia major would most likely be: A. Increased B. Decreased C. Normal D. Decreased after incubation at 37°C

B. Decreased

All of the following are characteristic findings in a patient with iron deficiency anemia except: A. Microcytic, hypochromic red cell morphology B. Decreased serum iron and ferritin levels C. Decreased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) D. Increased RBC protoporphyrin

C. Decreased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

Iron deficiency anemia may be distinguished from anemia of chronic infection by: A. Serum iron level B. Red cell morphology C. Red cell indices D. Total iron-binding capacity

D. Total iron-binding capacity

Which anemia has red cell morphology similar to that seen in iron deficiency anemia? A. Sickle cell anemia B. Thalassemia syndrome C. Pernicious anemia D. Hereditary spherocytosis

B. Thalassemia syndrome

Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by: A. Decreased plasma iron, decreased % saturation, increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) B. Decreased plasma iron, decreased plasma ferritin, normal RBC porphyrin C. Decreased plasma iron, decreased % saturation, decreased TIBC D. Decreased plasma iron, increased % saturation, decreased TIBC

A. Decreased plasma iron, decreased % saturation, increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

Storage iron is usually best determined by: A. Serum transferrin levels B. Hgb values C. Myoglobin values D. Serum ferritin levels

D. Serum ferritin levels

All of the following are associated with sideroblastic anemia except: A. Increased serum iron B. Ringed sideroblasts C. Dimorphic blood picture D. Increased RBC protoporphyrin

D. Increased RBC protoporphyrin

What is the basic hematological defect seen in patients with thalassemia major? A. DNA synthetic defect B. Hgb structure C. β-Chain synthesis D. Hgb phosphorylation

C. β-Chain synthesis

Which of the following is the primary Hgb in patients with thalassemia major? A. Hgb D B. Hgb A C. Hgb C D. Hgb F

D. Hgb F

A patient has an Hct of 30%, a hemoglobin of 8 g/dL, and an RBC count of 4.0 × 1012/L. What is the morphological classification of this anemia? A. Normocytic normochromic B. Macrocytic hypochromic C. Microcytic hypochromic D. Normocytic hyperchromic

C. Microcytic hypochromic

In which of the following conditions is Hgb A2 elevated? A. Hgb H B. Hgb SC disease C. β-Thalassemia minor D. Hgb S trait

C. ß-Thalassemia minor

Which of the following parameters may be similar for the anemia of inflammation and iron deficiency anemia? A. Normocytic indices B. Decreased serum iron concentration C. Ringed sideroblasts D. Pappenheimer bodies

B. Decreased serum iron concentration

Which morphological classification is characteristic of megaloblastic anemia? A. Normocytic, normochromic B. Microcytic, normochromic C. Macrocytic, hypochromic D. Macrocytic, normochromic

D. Macrocytic, normochromic

Which anemia is characterized by a lack of intrinsic factor that prevents B12 absorption? A. Tropical sprue B. Transcobalamin deficiency C. Blind loop syndrome D. Pernicious anemia

D. Pernicious anemia

All of the following are characteristics of megaloblastic anemia except: A. Pancytopenia B. Elevated reticulocyte count C. Hypersegmented neutrophils D. Macrocytic erythrocyte indices

B. Elevated reticulocyte count

A patient with a vitamin B12 anemia is given a high dosage of folate. Which of the following is expected as a result of this treatment? A. An improvement in neurological problems B. An improvement in hematological abnormalities C. No expected improvement D. Toxicity of the liver and kidney

B. An improvement in hematological abnormalities

Which of the following disorders is associated with ineffective erythropoiesis? A. G6PD deficiency B. Liver disease C. Hgb C disease D. Megaloblastic anemia

D. Megaloblastic anemia

A 50-year-old patient is suffering from pernicious anemia. Which of the following laboratory data are most likely for this patient? A. RBC = 2.5 × 1012/L; WBC =12,500/µL (12.5 × 109/L); PLT = 250,000/µL (250 × 109/L) B. RBC = 4.5 × 1012/L; WBC = 6,500/µL (6.5 × 109/L); PLT = 150,000/µL (150 × 109/L) C. RBC = 3.0 × 1012/L; WBC = 5,000/µL (5.0 × 109/L); PLT = 750,000/µL (750 × 109/L) D. RBC = 2.5 × 1012/L; WBC = 2,500/µL (2.5 × 109/L); PLT = 50,000/µL (50 × 109/L)

D. RBC = 2.5 × 1012/L; WBC = 2,500/µL (2.5 × 109/L); PLT = 50,000/µL (50 × 109/L)

Which of the following may be seen in the peripheral blood smear of a patient with obstructive liver disease? A. Schistocytes B. Macrocytes C. Howell–Jolly bodies D. Microcytes

B. Macrocytes

The macrocytes typically seen in megaloblastic processes are: A. Crescent-shaped B. Teardrop-shaped C. Ovalocytic D. Pencil-shaped

C. Ovalocytic

Which of the following are most characteristic of the red cell indices associated with megaloblastic anemias? A. MCV 99 fl, MCH 28 pg, MCHC 31% B. MCV 62 fL, MCH 27 pg, MCHC 30% C. MCV 125 fL, MCH 36 pg, MCHC 34% D. MCV 78 fL, MCH 23 pg, MCHC 30%

C. MCV 125 fL, MCH 36 pg, MCHC 34%

A patient has 80 nucleated red blood cells per 100 leukocytes. In addition to increased polychromasia on the peripheral smear, what other finding may be present on the CBC? A. Increased platelets B. Increased MCV C. Increased Hct D. Increased red blood cell count

B. Increased MCV

Which of the following is an unusual complication that may occur in infectious mononucleosis? A. Splenic infarctions B. Dactylitis C. Hemolytic anemia D. Giant platelets

C. Hemolytic anemia

In a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, one should expect to see: A. Shift to the left in WBCs B. Target cells C. Reactive lymphocytes D. Pelgeroid cells

B. Target cells

Which inclusions may be seen in leukocytes? A. Döhle bodies B. Basophilic stippling C. Malarial parasites D. Howell–Jolly bodies

A. Döhle bodies

Which of the following is contained in the primary granules of the neutrophil? A. Lactoferrin B. Myeloperoxidase C. Histamine D. Alkaline phosphatase

B. Myeloperoxidase

What is the typical range of relative lymphocyte percentage in the peripheral blood smear of a 1-year-old child? A. 1%–6% B. 27%–33% C. 35%–58% D. 50%–70%

D. 50%–70%

Qualitative and quantitative neutrophil changes noted in response to infection include all of the following except: A. Neutrophilia B. Pelgeroid hyposegmentation C. Toxic granulation D. Vacuolization

B. Pelgeroid hyposegmentation

Neutropenia is present in patients with which absolute neutrophil counts? A. <1.5 × 109/L B. <5.0 × 109/L C. <10.0 × 109/L D. <15.0 × 109/L

A. <1.5 × 109/L

The morphological characteristic(s) associated with the Chédiak–Higashi syndrome is (are): A. Pale blue cytoplasmic inclusions B. Giant lysosomal granules C. Small, dark-staining granules and condensed nuclei D. Nuclear hyposegmentation

B. Giant lysosomal granules

The familial condition of Pelger–Huët anomaly is important to recognize because this disorder must be differentiated from: A. Infectious mononucleosis B. May–Hegglin anomaly C. A shift-to-the-left increase in immature granulocytes D. G6PD deficiency

C. A shift-to-the-left increase in immature granulocytes

SITUATION: A differential shows reactive lymphocytes, and the physician suspects a viral infection is the cause. What is the expected laboratory finding in a patient with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection? A. Heterophile antibody: positive B. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–immunoglobulin (IgM): positive C. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT): positive D. CMV–IgM: positive

D. CMV–IgM: positive

Neutrophil phagocytosis and particle ingestion are associated with an increase in oxygen utilization called respiratory burst. What are the two most important products of this biochemical reaction? A. Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion B. Lactoferrin and NADPH oxidase C. Cytochrome b and collagenase D. Alkaline phosphatase and ascorbic acid

A. Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion

Which of the morphological findings are characteristic of reactive lymphocytes? A. High nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio B. Prominent nucleoli C. Basophilic cytoplasm D. All of these options

D. All of these options

Auer rods may be seen in all of the following except: A. Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia C. Acute myeloid leukemia without maturation (M1) D. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Which type of anemia is usually present in a patient with acute leukemia? A. Microcytic, hyperchromic B. Microcytic, hypochromic C. Normocytic, normochromic D. Macrocytic, normochromic

C. Normocytic, normochromic

In leukemia, which term describes a peripheral blood finding of leukocytosis with a shift to the left, accompanied by nucleated red cells? A. Myelophthisis B. Dysplasia C. Leukoerythroblastosis D. Megaloblastosis

C. Leukoerythroblastosis

100

The basic pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for producing signs and symptoms in leukemia include all of the following except: A. Replacement of normal marrow precursors by leukemic cells causing anemia B. Decrease in functional leukocytes causing infection C. Hemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopenia D. Decreased erythropoietin production

D. Decreased erythropoietin production

other names parasitology

Yves Laure Pimentel · 70問 · 2年前

other names parasitology