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CC-2 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
100問 • 2年前
  • Yves Laure Pimentel
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    measurement of light TRANSMITTED by a SOLUTION

    Spectrophotometry

  • 2

    Light/Radiant source -

    POLYchromatic light

  • 3

    – respond to a specific wavelength UV/Visible

    photodiode

  • 4

    photodiode is designed with ? photodiodes that are arranged in linear fashion

    256 to 2048

  • 5

    - POLYchromatic light

    Light/Radiant source

  • 6

    - Same as photocell, differs in that an outside voltage is required for operation

    phototube

  • 7

    -most commonly used light

    Tungsten light bulb/incandescent tungsten/tungsten iodide lamp

  • 8

    - displays output

    Meter or read out device

  • 9

    AAS ATOMIC ABSORPTION

    Hollow Cathode lamp

  • 10

    Hollow Cathode lamp

    AAS ATOMIC ABSORPTION

  • 11

    -simplest type. One measurement at time

    Single Beam spectrophotometer

  • 12

    - permit automatic correction of sample and reference absorbance

    Double Beam spectrophotometer

  • 13

    most commonly used in UV

    deuterium discharge lamp and the mercury arc lamp

  • 14

    - use two photodetectors.

    Double beam in space

  • 15

    expressed going to mercury

    UV

  • 16

    Hydrogen deuterium lamp

    200-375nm

  • 17

    - uses one photodetector

    Double beam in time

  • 18

    Entrance slit - minimizes UNWANTED ______ light

    STRAY

  • 19

    A solution consisting of all the components of a reaction except the analyte

    Blank

  • 20

    Contains the same reagents used for the test

    Reagent blank

  • 21

    - minimizes UNWANTED STRAY light.

    Entrance slit

  • 22

    Adjust the spectrophotometer to

    100% transmittance

  • 23

    is the MOST COMMON cause of LOSS OF LINEARITY

    Stray light

  • 24

    Stray light is the MOST COMMON cause of

    LOSS OF LINEARITY

  • 25

    no correction for interfering chromogens or lipemia

    Reagent blank

  • 26

    Limit the maximum absorbance that a spectrophotometer can achieve

    Entrance slit

  • 27

    serum w/reagent. For correcting absorbance caused by reagent’s color and Hemoglobin

    Blanking technique

  • 28

    Turbidity by ________ is not corrected

    LIPID

  • 29

    - Major effect of stray light

    Absorbance error

  • 30

    - verify absorbance accuracy on linearity

    Neutral Density filter and Dichromate sol’n

  • 31

    Turbidity by ________ is not corrected

    LIPID

  • 32

    -isolates specific wavelength of light.

    Monochromator

  • 33

    Turbidity by LIPID is not corrected. Remedy:

    ULTRACENTRIFUGATION

  • 34

    DETECT STRAY LIGHT

    cutoff filters

  • 35

    is used to subtract the intrinsic absorbance of the sample usually caused by hemolysis, icterus, turbidity, or drug interference

    SAMPLE BLANK

  • 36

    measure the light EMITTED by a single atom BURNED in a flame

    FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY

  • 37

    - most commonly used IN Monochromator

    Grating

  • 38

    WHAT IS THE HOTTEST FLAME COLOR?

    BLUE

  • 39

    - least expensive, not precise, they are simple, inexpensive, and useful

    Colored glass filter

  • 40

    SODIUM FLAME COLOR

    YELLOW

  • 41

    - Short wavelengths are refracted more than long wavelengths

    Prism

  • 42

    MAGNESIUM/ COPPER

    BLUE

  • 43

    WHAT IS UNDER THESE TWO? Didymium or holmium oxide filter - check wavelength accuracy ii. mercury vapor lamp

    Quality Assurance

  • 44

    - check wavelength accuracy

    Didymium or holmium oxide filter AND mercury vapor lamp

  • 45

    LITHIUM AND RUBIDIUM FLAME COLOR

    RED

  • 46

    MAGNESIUM AND COPPER

    BLUE

  • 47

    - Measurement of assay at two different wavelength

    Bichromatic analysis

  • 48

    CONTROL THE BANDPASS OR WIDTH

    Exit slit

  • 49

    Light intensity of atoms that are emitting energy =

    concentration

  • 50

    also called absorption cell/analytical cell/sample cell. It HOLDS the solution

    CUVET

  • 51

    internal standards

    lithium and cesium

  • 52

    Flame color: hottest to coldest

    BLUE->WHITE->YELLOW->ORANGE->RED

  • 53

    has advantage over round cuvette

    Square cuvette

  • 54

    Measures light absorbed by atoms dissociated by heat

    Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

  • 55

    INDICATES THE POSITION FOR USE IN CUVET

    etched

  • 56

    Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

    hallow cathode lamp

  • 57

    scratched optical surfaces

    SCATTERS LIGHT

  • 58

    Bring the metal analyte from molecular form into its atomic form at GROUND state

    Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

  • 59

    -most commonly used CUVET

    alumina silica

  • 60

    - for visible range, but absorbs UV

    glass cuvettes

  • 61

    Unexcited Trace metals in AAS

    a. Calcium b. Copper c. Magnesium d. Lead e. aluminum f. lithium g. zinc

  • 62

    -For UV radiation

    Quartz

  • 63

    -most common burner

    premix long-path burner

  • 64

    -Unknown subs is directly proportional to absorbed light and inversely proportional to transmitted light

    Beer’s law

  • 65

    - Uses electricity to break the chemical bonds instead of flame

    Flameless AAS

  • 66

    - used to increase sensitivity for atomic emission

    Inductively coupled plasma (ICP)

  • 67

    - the absorbance increases exponentially with an increase in the light path

    Lambert law

  • 68

    = periodic table of elements assay

    ICP + MS

  • 69

    detects and converts transmitted LIGHT to electrical energy

    Photodectector

  • 70

    Most common type, excellent sensitivity

    Photomultiplier tube

  • 71

    = periodic table of elements assay

    ICP + MS

  • 72

    it should never be exposed to room light because it will burn out

    Photodectector

  • 73

    . measure amount of light intensity emitted by a molecule after excitation by electromagnetic radiation.

    Fluorometry/molecular luminescence spectrophotometry

  • 74

    controls light intensity

    attenuator

  • 75

    simplest detector

    barrier layer cell/photocell/photovoltaic cell

  • 76

    - selects wavelength that is best absorbed by the solution

    Primary filter

  • 77

    require no external voltage source

    barrier layer cell/photocell/photovoltaic cell

  • 78

    – detects fluorescing sample

    Detector

  • 79

    - most frequently used sources of excitation radiant energy

    Gas discharge lamps (mercury and xenon arc)

  • 80

    Most spectrofluorometers use a

    high-pressure xenon lamp

  • 81

    ? more sensitive than spectrophotometer

    1000x

  • 82

    Fluorometry/molecular luminescence spectrophotometry Disadvantage

    QUENCHING EFFECT

  • 83

    QUENCHING EFFECT should not be acid

    pH

  • 84

    - widely used for the detection of therapeutic and abused drugs

    fluorescence polarization

  • 85

    chromophore

    anything that fluoresced

  • 86

    Emission of light is created from a chemical or electrochemical reaction. No excitation radiation, no monochromator.

    Chemiluminescence

  • 87

    More sensitive than Fluorometry

    Chemiluminescence

  • 88

    - Enhance of chemiluminiscence, faster result

    Enzyme (Bioluminiscence)

  • 89

    speds up chemical reactions

    enzymes

  • 90

    LIGHT _________ by a particle in a solution , for measuring abundant large particles

    Turbidimetry

  • 91

    Turbidimetry Dependent on

    Concentration, Size

  • 92

    more sensitive than turbidimetry, determines the amount of scatters LIGHT.

    Nephelometry

  • 93

    Nephelometry ? angles and ? photodetectors

    forward, 90°

  • 94

    Macromolecules > Wavelength = Measure the __________ANGLE

    forward

  • 95

    For measuring Ag-Ab complexes

    Protein

  • 96

    Nephelometry Depends on:

    a. Wavelength b. Particle size

  • 97

    Narrow spectral width and small cross-sectional area with LOW divergence

    Laser Lights

  • 98

    Laser Lights Application

    Coulter counter

  • 99

    More sensitive than spectrophotometer

    Laser Lights

  • 100

    determination of structure and identification of samples

    Laser Lights

    • other names parasitology

    other names parasitology

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 70問 · 2年前

    other names parasitology

    other names parasitology

    70問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    PARASITOLOGY

    PARASITOLOGY

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 111問 · 2年前

    PARASITOLOGY

    PARASITOLOGY

    111問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    HTMLBE

    HTMLBE

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 64問 · 2年前

    HTMLBE

    HTMLBE

    64問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

    CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 61問 · 2年前

    CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

    CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

    61問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    HISTOPATHOLOGY

    HISTOPATHOLOGY

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 69問 · 2年前

    HISTOPATHOLOGY

    HISTOPATHOLOGY

    69問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

    CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 41問 · 2年前

    CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

    CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

    41問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    AUBF LAB SAFETY

    AUBF LAB SAFETY

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 87問 · 2年前

    AUBF LAB SAFETY

    AUBF LAB SAFETY

    87問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    CSF 1

    CSF 1

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 100問 · 2年前

    CSF 1

    CSF 1

    100問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    CSF 2

    CSF 2

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 82問 · 2年前

    CSF 2

    CSF 2

    82問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    SEMEN 1

    SEMEN 1

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 100問 · 2年前

    SEMEN 1

    SEMEN 1

    100問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    SEMEN 2

    SEMEN 2

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 7問 · 2年前

    SEMEN 2

    SEMEN 2

    7問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 1

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 1

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 100問 · 2年前

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 1

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 1

    100問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 6問 · 2年前

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

    6問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    SEROUS FLUID

    SEROUS FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 25問 · 2年前

    SEROUS FLUID

    SEROUS FLUID

    25問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    PLEURAL FLUID

    PLEURAL FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 44問 · 2年前

    PLEURAL FLUID

    PLEURAL FLUID

    44問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    PERICARDIAL FLUID

    PERICARDIAL FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 18問 · 2年前

    PERICARDIAL FLUID

    PERICARDIAL FLUID

    18問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

    PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 30問 · 2年前

    PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

    PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

    30問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    AMNIOTIC FLUID

    AMNIOTIC FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 92問 · 2年前

    AMNIOTIC FLUID

    AMNIOTIC FLUID

    92問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    FECALYSIS

    FECALYSIS

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 80問 · 2年前

    FECALYSIS

    FECALYSIS

    80問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    問題一覧

  • 1

    measurement of light TRANSMITTED by a SOLUTION

    Spectrophotometry

  • 2

    Light/Radiant source -

    POLYchromatic light

  • 3

    – respond to a specific wavelength UV/Visible

    photodiode

  • 4

    photodiode is designed with ? photodiodes that are arranged in linear fashion

    256 to 2048

  • 5

    - POLYchromatic light

    Light/Radiant source

  • 6

    - Same as photocell, differs in that an outside voltage is required for operation

    phototube

  • 7

    -most commonly used light

    Tungsten light bulb/incandescent tungsten/tungsten iodide lamp

  • 8

    - displays output

    Meter or read out device

  • 9

    AAS ATOMIC ABSORPTION

    Hollow Cathode lamp

  • 10

    Hollow Cathode lamp

    AAS ATOMIC ABSORPTION

  • 11

    -simplest type. One measurement at time

    Single Beam spectrophotometer

  • 12

    - permit automatic correction of sample and reference absorbance

    Double Beam spectrophotometer

  • 13

    most commonly used in UV

    deuterium discharge lamp and the mercury arc lamp

  • 14

    - use two photodetectors.

    Double beam in space

  • 15

    expressed going to mercury

    UV

  • 16

    Hydrogen deuterium lamp

    200-375nm

  • 17

    - uses one photodetector

    Double beam in time

  • 18

    Entrance slit - minimizes UNWANTED ______ light

    STRAY

  • 19

    A solution consisting of all the components of a reaction except the analyte

    Blank

  • 20

    Contains the same reagents used for the test

    Reagent blank

  • 21

    - minimizes UNWANTED STRAY light.

    Entrance slit

  • 22

    Adjust the spectrophotometer to

    100% transmittance

  • 23

    is the MOST COMMON cause of LOSS OF LINEARITY

    Stray light

  • 24

    Stray light is the MOST COMMON cause of

    LOSS OF LINEARITY

  • 25

    no correction for interfering chromogens or lipemia

    Reagent blank

  • 26

    Limit the maximum absorbance that a spectrophotometer can achieve

    Entrance slit

  • 27

    serum w/reagent. For correcting absorbance caused by reagent’s color and Hemoglobin

    Blanking technique

  • 28

    Turbidity by ________ is not corrected

    LIPID

  • 29

    - Major effect of stray light

    Absorbance error

  • 30

    - verify absorbance accuracy on linearity

    Neutral Density filter and Dichromate sol’n

  • 31

    Turbidity by ________ is not corrected

    LIPID

  • 32

    -isolates specific wavelength of light.

    Monochromator

  • 33

    Turbidity by LIPID is not corrected. Remedy:

    ULTRACENTRIFUGATION

  • 34

    DETECT STRAY LIGHT

    cutoff filters

  • 35

    is used to subtract the intrinsic absorbance of the sample usually caused by hemolysis, icterus, turbidity, or drug interference

    SAMPLE BLANK

  • 36

    measure the light EMITTED by a single atom BURNED in a flame

    FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY

  • 37

    - most commonly used IN Monochromator

    Grating

  • 38

    WHAT IS THE HOTTEST FLAME COLOR?

    BLUE

  • 39

    - least expensive, not precise, they are simple, inexpensive, and useful

    Colored glass filter

  • 40

    SODIUM FLAME COLOR

    YELLOW

  • 41

    - Short wavelengths are refracted more than long wavelengths

    Prism

  • 42

    MAGNESIUM/ COPPER

    BLUE

  • 43

    WHAT IS UNDER THESE TWO? Didymium or holmium oxide filter - check wavelength accuracy ii. mercury vapor lamp

    Quality Assurance

  • 44

    - check wavelength accuracy

    Didymium or holmium oxide filter AND mercury vapor lamp

  • 45

    LITHIUM AND RUBIDIUM FLAME COLOR

    RED

  • 46

    MAGNESIUM AND COPPER

    BLUE

  • 47

    - Measurement of assay at two different wavelength

    Bichromatic analysis

  • 48

    CONTROL THE BANDPASS OR WIDTH

    Exit slit

  • 49

    Light intensity of atoms that are emitting energy =

    concentration

  • 50

    also called absorption cell/analytical cell/sample cell. It HOLDS the solution

    CUVET

  • 51

    internal standards

    lithium and cesium

  • 52

    Flame color: hottest to coldest

    BLUE->WHITE->YELLOW->ORANGE->RED

  • 53

    has advantage over round cuvette

    Square cuvette

  • 54

    Measures light absorbed by atoms dissociated by heat

    Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

  • 55

    INDICATES THE POSITION FOR USE IN CUVET

    etched

  • 56

    Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

    hallow cathode lamp

  • 57

    scratched optical surfaces

    SCATTERS LIGHT

  • 58

    Bring the metal analyte from molecular form into its atomic form at GROUND state

    Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

  • 59

    -most commonly used CUVET

    alumina silica

  • 60

    - for visible range, but absorbs UV

    glass cuvettes

  • 61

    Unexcited Trace metals in AAS

    a. Calcium b. Copper c. Magnesium d. Lead e. aluminum f. lithium g. zinc

  • 62

    -For UV radiation

    Quartz

  • 63

    -most common burner

    premix long-path burner

  • 64

    -Unknown subs is directly proportional to absorbed light and inversely proportional to transmitted light

    Beer’s law

  • 65

    - Uses electricity to break the chemical bonds instead of flame

    Flameless AAS

  • 66

    - used to increase sensitivity for atomic emission

    Inductively coupled plasma (ICP)

  • 67

    - the absorbance increases exponentially with an increase in the light path

    Lambert law

  • 68

    = periodic table of elements assay

    ICP + MS

  • 69

    detects and converts transmitted LIGHT to electrical energy

    Photodectector

  • 70

    Most common type, excellent sensitivity

    Photomultiplier tube

  • 71

    = periodic table of elements assay

    ICP + MS

  • 72

    it should never be exposed to room light because it will burn out

    Photodectector

  • 73

    . measure amount of light intensity emitted by a molecule after excitation by electromagnetic radiation.

    Fluorometry/molecular luminescence spectrophotometry

  • 74

    controls light intensity

    attenuator

  • 75

    simplest detector

    barrier layer cell/photocell/photovoltaic cell

  • 76

    - selects wavelength that is best absorbed by the solution

    Primary filter

  • 77

    require no external voltage source

    barrier layer cell/photocell/photovoltaic cell

  • 78

    – detects fluorescing sample

    Detector

  • 79

    - most frequently used sources of excitation radiant energy

    Gas discharge lamps (mercury and xenon arc)

  • 80

    Most spectrofluorometers use a

    high-pressure xenon lamp

  • 81

    ? more sensitive than spectrophotometer

    1000x

  • 82

    Fluorometry/molecular luminescence spectrophotometry Disadvantage

    QUENCHING EFFECT

  • 83

    QUENCHING EFFECT should not be acid

    pH

  • 84

    - widely used for the detection of therapeutic and abused drugs

    fluorescence polarization

  • 85

    chromophore

    anything that fluoresced

  • 86

    Emission of light is created from a chemical or electrochemical reaction. No excitation radiation, no monochromator.

    Chemiluminescence

  • 87

    More sensitive than Fluorometry

    Chemiluminescence

  • 88

    - Enhance of chemiluminiscence, faster result

    Enzyme (Bioluminiscence)

  • 89

    speds up chemical reactions

    enzymes

  • 90

    LIGHT _________ by a particle in a solution , for measuring abundant large particles

    Turbidimetry

  • 91

    Turbidimetry Dependent on

    Concentration, Size

  • 92

    more sensitive than turbidimetry, determines the amount of scatters LIGHT.

    Nephelometry

  • 93

    Nephelometry ? angles and ? photodetectors

    forward, 90°

  • 94

    Macromolecules > Wavelength = Measure the __________ANGLE

    forward

  • 95

    For measuring Ag-Ab complexes

    Protein

  • 96

    Nephelometry Depends on:

    a. Wavelength b. Particle size

  • 97

    Narrow spectral width and small cross-sectional area with LOW divergence

    Laser Lights

  • 98

    Laser Lights Application

    Coulter counter

  • 99

    More sensitive than spectrophotometer

    Laser Lights

  • 100

    determination of structure and identification of samples

    Laser Lights