PLASMA PROTEINS 2 (ALPHA 2 REGION)

Yves Laure Pimentel · 70問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

PROTECT KIDNEY FROM IRON

HAPTOGLOBIN

Alpha 2 Region ARE

Haptoglobin Cerulosplasmin a2- macroglobulin (AMG)

Increased: stressful conditions, myoglobinuria

Haptoglobin

Haptoglobin .It is one of the proteins used to evaluate the _____________ disease

RHEUMATIC

.It is one of the proteins used to evaluate the RHEUMATIC disease

Haptoglobin

an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with TYPE III DM

Haptoglobin

Haptoglobin an independent risk factor for ? in individuals with TYPE II DM

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Haptoglobin an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with

TYPE II DM

IT IS TOXIC TO KIDNEY

HEMOGLOBIN

INCREASED/DECREASED/NORMAL HAPTOGLOBIN HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (INTRAVASCULAR)

DECREASED/LOW

INCREASED/DECREASED/NORMAL HAPTOGLOBIN EXTRAVASCLUAR= SPLEEN/LIVER NON-HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

NORMAL

a COPPER binding a2 glycoprotein that ENZYMATIC activities

Cerulosplasmin

90% of serum copper is bound in .

ceruloplasmin

% of serum copper is bound in ceruloplasmin.

Imparts HUE color to protein

Cerulosplasmin

Cerulosplasmin INCREASED/DECREASED pregnancy

INCREASED

Cerulosplasmin INCREASED/DECREASED inflammatory disorders

INCREASED

Cerulosplasmin INCREASED/DECREASED malignancies

INCREASED

Cerulosplasmin INCREASED/DECREASED with intake of oral estrogen and oral contraceptives

INCREASED

Cerulosplasmin INCREASED/DECREASED Wilson’s disease

DECREASED

Cerulosplasmin INCREASED/DECREASED Kayser-Fleisher rings

DECREASED

Cerulosplasmin INCREASED/DECREASED Menke’s kinky hair syndrome

DECREASED

COPPER DEPOSIT IN EYES

Kayser-Fleisher rings

DISEASE THAT NO CERULOPLASMIN

Wilson’s disease

DISEASE THAT CANNOT ABSORBED COPPER

Menke’s kinky hair syndrome

inhibits proteases such as trypsin, thrombin, kallikrein, and plasmin

a2- macroglobulin (AMG)

a2- macroglobulin (AMG) inhibits proteases such as

trypsin, thrombin, kallikrein, and plasmin

PREDOMINANT PROTEIN IN ALPHA 2 REGION WHICH HAS DECREASED ALBUMIN

a2- macroglobulin (AMG)

LARGEST major nonimmunoglobulin protein in plasma

a2- macroglobulin (AMG)

10x in NEPHROSIS

a2- macroglobulin (AMG)

Decreased slightly in acute inflammatory disorders and prostatic cancer; decreased markedly in acute pancreatitis

a2- macroglobulin (AMG

Beta Region ARE

hemopexin Transferrin (siderophilin) Fibrinogen Complement C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

Binds heme ii. Helps in the diagnosis of EARLY hemolysis

hemopexin

HEMOPEXIN CORELLATION IN INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS

INVERSELY RELATED

Transports iron

Transferrin (siderophilin)

Used to determine the cause of anemia

IDA and hemochromatosis (bronze-skin

INCREASED/ DEREASED 1. SERUM IRON 2. STORED IRON OR FERRITIN 3. TRANSFERRIN OR TIBC = IDA

DEREASED DEREASED INCREASED

INCREASED/ DEREASED 1. SERUM IRON 2. STORED IRON OR FERRITIN 3. TRANSFERRIN OR TIBC = MALNOURISHED

DEREASED DEREASED DEREASED

INCREASED/ DEREASED 1. SERUM IRON 2. STORED IRON OR FERRITIN 3. TRANSFERRIN OR TIBC = ACI/ADI

DEREASED INCREASED DEREASED

INCREASED/ DEREASED 1. SERUM IRON 2. STORED IRON OR FERRITIN 3. TRANSFERRIN OR TIBC = HEMOCHROMATOSIS

INCREASED INCREASED DEREASED

Most ABUNDANT of the coagulation factors ii. Inflammation iii.long –term prognosis of cardiovascular disease

Fibrinogen

most common anemia in the hospital

ACI/ACD

participates in immune response

Complement

THESE TWO CAN CAUSE DIC

SHIGELLA AND EHEC

Tested Complement: COMMONLY TESTED IN BLOOD

C3 and C4

Increased: Complement

Inflammatory states

Decreased: Complement

Autoimmune disease and DIC

HOW MANY TIMES C-Reactive Protein (CRP) INCREASE IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION

10,000X

early warning test to persons at risk of coronary artery disease

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ____ in bacterial infection than viral infection

HIGH

HIGH in bacterial infection than viral infection

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

CRP is not a marker of

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

is not a marker of CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

CRP

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Increased:

acute rheumatic fever, acute myocardial infarction (MI), RA, gout, bacterial and viral infections

ANYTHING THAT ENHANCE PHAGOCYTOSIS

Opsonin

is assoc.to Colon cancer, complications of diabetes, obesity, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes

High CRP

ß2-Microglobulin i. Light chain component of the _______

MHC

i. Light chain component of the MHC

ß2-Microglobulin

Found on the surface of most nucleated cells

ß2-Microglobulin

β2-Microglobulin Increase

Inflammatory diseases HIV In patients

SIMILAR TO IMMUNOGLOBULIN (ANTIBODY)

AAG

PRECURSOR LIGHT CHAIN AND HEAVY CHAIN

INTER A TRYPSIN INHIBITOR

FOR RENAL TUBULAR INTEGRITY

β2-Microglobulin

Gamma Region:

Immunoglobulins

Gamma Region: Immunoglobulins

IgM

PRIMARY response Ab

IgM

ROOM temp or 4C reacting

IgM

IgM increase

WALDENSTROM macroglobulinemia

PREDOMINANT Ab

IgG

SECONDARY response Ab

IgG

BEST in crossing the PLACENTA

IgG 1

Least in crossing the placenta

IgG 2

BEST in fixing the COMPLEMENT

IgG 3

Least in fixing the complement

IgG 4

Decrease IN NWHAT ANTIBODY? –monoclonal gammopathy is associated with an increase in another immunoglobulin

IGG

Found in secretions and mucosal area

IgA

IgA Serum:

DIMER AND MONOMER

IgA Secretion:

DIMER

IgE i. _____hypersensitivity

TYPE 1

IgE Systemic _________

ANAPHYLAXIS

Systemic ANAPHYLAXIS

IgE

PARASITIC INFECTION AND HEAT LABILE ANTOBODY

IgE

- is increased in liver disorders, infections, and connective tissue disorders

IgD

Increase in One of the immunoglobulins ii. Example - multiple myeloma

Monoclonal gammopathy

Monoclonal gammopathy Example

multiple myeloma

Negative Acute Phase Reactants

Albumin Prealbumin Transferrin

Acute Phase Reactants

AAT AAG A1X Haptoglobin Ceruloplasmin CRP

Albumin/Globulin Ratio a. Reference Value:

1.3-3:1

Albumin/Globulin Ratio FORMULA

Globulins = Total Protein — Albumin

LOW/HIGH/NORMAL 1. Albumin/Globulin Ratio 2. Albumin 3. Globulin Ratio - 1.Severe Dehydration 2.Prolonged tourniquet application

HIGH HIGH NORMAL

LOW/HIGH/NORMAL 1. Albumin/Globulin Ratio 2. Albumin 3. Globulin Ratio HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS

LOW LOW NORMAL

LOW/HIGH/NORMAL 1. Albumin/Globulin Ratio 2. Albumin 3. Globulin Ratio WALDENSTROM MACROGLOBINEMIA

LOW NORMAL HIGH

LOW/HIGH/NORMAL 1. Albumin/Globulin Ratio 2. Albumin 3. Globulin Ratio AGAMAGLOBINEMIA

LOW NORMAL DECREASE

LOW/HIGH/NORMAL 1. Albumin/Globulin Ratio 2. Albumin 3. Globulin Ratio HYPOGAMMAGLOBINEMIA

LOW NORMAL DECREASE

LOW/HIGH/NORMAL 1. Albumin/Globulin Ratio 2. Albumin 3. Globulin Ratio SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY

LOW NORMAL LOW

protein with enzymatic activity

ceruloplasmin

IgG 1 can cause what?

erythroblastosis fetalis

this gamma globulin is the cause of erythroblastosis fetalis

IgG 1

other names parasitology

other names parasitology

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3. CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION

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4. T-CELL DIFFERENTIATION

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1. INTERLEUKINS

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2. INTERFERONS

2. INTERFERONS

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4. COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

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15. COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

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19. CYTOKINES

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20. INTERLEUKINS

20. INTERLEUKINS

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1. SERO

1. SERO

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2. PRECIPITATION

2. PRECIPITATION

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3. PASSIVE IMMUNODIFFUSION

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4. OUCHTERLONY

4. OUCHTERLONY

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