SEMEN 1

Yves Laure Pimentel · 70問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Paired glands inside the scrotum and contain semineferous glands

TESTES

site of spermatogenesis

semineferous glands

production of spermatozoa and located in epithelial cells of seminiferous tubules

GERM CELLS

provide support & nutrients for the germ cells as they undergo spermatogenesis => complete > Immature sperm enter EPIDIDYMIS where sperm mature & develops flagella & stored until ejaculation

SORTOLI CCELLS

propels sperm to ejaculatory duct w/ the fluid from seminal vesicles

VAS DEFERENS

produce most fluid in semen (60-70%)- transport fluid of sperm

SEMINAL VESICLE

produce most fluid in semen ____- transport fluid of sperm

(60-70%)

Energy for flagella)

FRUCTOSE

(Gray appearance of the semen)

FLAVIN

produces 20-30% of semen volume (acidic)

PROSTATE GLAND

produces ___ of semen volume (acidic)

20-30%

Differs from other fluids

ACID PHOSPHATASE

DECREASE amount: Disorders of prostate

ZINC

controls liquefaction & coagulation of seminal fluid

PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES

antibacterial

SPERMINE AND CHOLINE

produces 5% of the fluid volume composed of thick..alkaline mucus

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS produces how many % of the fluid volume composed of thick..alkaline mucus

Neutralize the acidity from the prostatic secretion & vagina

ALKALINE MUCUS

ALKALINE MUCUS: Neutralize the acidity from the prostatic secretion & vagina w/o this neutralization:

Motility is diminished

Sexual abstinence:

Atleast 2 days but not > 7 days

WHO fertility testing: ? samples (? intervals)

2-3; 2-weekS

liquefaction:

30 min.-1 hr

best Method of Collection:

MASTURBATION

Method of Collection Not reliable = 1# portion of ejaculate is loss 2 | sperm count; low pH: affects motility

Coitus Interruptus/ Withdrawal method

aspiration of semen from vaginal vault after coitus

Vaginal Vault Aspiration

Non-lubricant rubber/ Poly-urethane condoms; Ordinary condom: spermatocides

Condom Method:

ALL SPX ARE POTENTIAL SOURCE OF

HIV/ HBV

Preservation o @?: Transport

Body temp (?): While awaiting analysis

37C

Fructose level: tested w/n ? For frozen fo prevent FRUCTOLYSIS -85 DEGREES CELCIUS

2 HOURS

Fructose level: tested w/n 2 HOURS For frozen fo prevent ?

FRUCTOLYSIS -85 DEGREES CELCIUS

SEMEN ANALYSIS = Appearance o Normal Color:

GRAY-WHITE (Translucent/ Pearly-white)

SEMEN Odor:

Musty odor, Fishy, BLEACH LIKE/ CLOROX LIKE

Clear specimen:

DECREASED sperm conc.: infertility

COLOR: Urine contamination, antibiotics, prolonged abstinence, pyospermia

Yellow

If after 2 hrs, the specimen not liquefied: add:

DULBECCOS PHOSPHATE BUFFERED SALINE Proteolytic enzymes: A- CHYMOTRYPSIN & BROMELAIN

: Liquefied specimen

Jelly-like granules (gelatinous bodies)

Volume o Normal: semen

2-5 ml

Refers to the consistency of the fluid

Viscosity

Incomplete liquefied specimen:

clumped & highly viscous

Droplets that forms thread longer than 2 cm:

ABNORMAL/ HIGLY VISCOUS

Viscosity IS 0

WATERY

Viscosity IS 4

GEL LIKE

Indicates the balance bet. from the acidic prostatic secretion & alkaline seminal vesicles secretion

Normal pH:

7.2 - 8.0

increased pH:

Reproductive tract infection

decreased pH:

increased prostatic fluid, ejaculatory duct obstruction, poorly developed seminal vesicles

Normal Sperm Concentration:

20-250 million/ mL

Sperm Concentration & Sperm Count Borderline:

10-20 million/ mL

Sperm Concentration & Sperm Count USING

NEUBAUER COUNTING CHAMBER

diluting fluids: (both immobilize & preserve cells)

SODIUM BICARBONATE, FORMALIN

can also be used as Diluting fluids:

SALINE, distilled H20 (cold) or Tap H20

inflammation/ infection w/n reproductive tract

1 million leukocyte/ml:

Spermatogenesis disruption, viral infections, toxic chemicals

1 million spermatids/ml

undiluted spx, sperms are immobilized by heating, sperm motility is assessed unheated portion

MAKLER

Complete/ total/Absence of spermatozoa seen

AZOOSPERMIA

presence of sperm cells whether completely dead or immobile

NECROSPERMIA

Deficiency in the number of sperm cells or presence of few motile cells seen

OLIGOSPERMIA

Sperm Motility Normal:

MOTILITY OF 50% OF THE SPERM WITH RATING OF 2

Sperm Motility ? movement in a well-mixed liquefied specimen

Forward, progressive

Sperm Motility Count in ? AND evaluate ?

20 HPF ; 200 sperm/slide

w/n 1 hr, 2 50% of sperms should be motile in

CATEGORIES A, B , C

>/ = 25% should show Progressive Motility in

A & B

Sperm Morphology SHAPED

OVAL SHAPED

Sperm Morphology

5 um long & 3 um wide and a long flagella (45 um)

approximately half and cover 2/3 of sperm nucleus for ovum penetration

head

attaches the head to tail

NECK PIECE

thickest; surrounded by mitochondrial sheath that produces energy required for energy

MID PIECE

SPERM STAIN

Wright, Giemsa, Papanicolaou stain

stain of choice and doesnt require heat fixation

Papanicolaou

MORPHOLOGY (Kruger's strict):

>14% normal

Normal: Normal morphology

>14%

Routine: Normal morphology

>30%

abnormal Morphology

>70%

differentiate spermatids (-) & leukocytes (+)

peroxidase

Sperm Vitality/aka

BLOOM'S TEST

Red against a purple background

DEAD CELLS

Are not infiltrated by the stain bluish white

LIVING CELLS

LIVING CELLS Are not infiltrated by the stain ?

bluish white

Dead Cells:

Red against a purple background

Normal: ___living cells: VITALITY

>50%

defective flagellum

Vital but immobile:

Immotile & non-viable cells:

Epididymal pathology

Seminal Fluid Fructose TEST

Resorcinol Test:

ORANGE/ ORANGE RED

Test for choline Rgts: K iodide, iodine crystals (+) BROWN RHOMBIC CRYSTALS

FLORENCE TEST

FLORENCE TEST REAGENTS

K iodide, iodide crystals

Test for spermin Rgt: Picric Acid, TCA yellow leaf like structure

barbieros test

barbieros test structure

yellow leaf like

barbieros test is for? what reagents?

spermin rgts: Picric Acid, TCA

Test for tenacity of mucus

SPINBARKITT TEST

Test for tenacity of mucus

Test for ability of sperm cells to penetrate the cervical mucosa, Post-coital test

SIMS HUHNER TEST

More specific: IgG, IgM, IgA & demonstrate what area of sperm does the ab attached Polyacrylamide beads coated w/ anti-IgG, IgM, IgA, IgM tail ab, IgG head

Immunobead Test

Immunobead Test NORMAL:

<50% OF SPERM

ROUND CELLS: Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum

>1 MILLION WBC/ML

RAPE CASES

SPECIMEN+XYLENE

ACID PHOSPHATASES, SEMINAL GLYCOPROTEIN P3D

RAPE CASES

VISCOSITY:

POURS IN DROPLETS

100

ROUND CELLS: DISEASES

Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum

other names parasitology

other names parasitology

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