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SYNOVIAL FLUID 1
100問 • 2年前
  • Yves Laure Pimentel
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    w/c is a viscous fluid found in a cavities of movable joints

    “Joint fluid"

  • 2

    Non-selective except HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT

    Ultrafiltrate of Plasma:

  • 3

    Functions: o Reduces friction between the bones during movement o Provide lubrication & provides nutrients to articular cartilage o Lessen shock of joint compression

    “Joint fluid"

  • 4

    secrete HYALURONIC ACID

    Synoviocytes

  • 5

    Synoviocytes secrete

    HYALURONIC ACID

  • 6

    Pain and stiffness in joints caused by damage to articular membrane

    arthritis

  • 7

    mucoidal, ultrafiltration

    HYALURONIC ACID

  • 8

    method of collection through needle aspiration

    ARTHROCENTESIS

  • 9

    Normal:

    DO NOT CLOT

  • 10

    Sterile heparinized/ SPS tube for

    GRAM STAIN/ CULTURE

  • 11

    Heparin/ Liquid EDTA for

    CELL COUNT

  • 12

    Sodium fluoride for

    GLUCOSE ANALYSIS

  • 13

    Non-anticogulated tube for

    other tests

  • 14

    Powdered anticoagulants are not used

    (Oxalate, Lithium Heparin, powdered EDTA)

  • 15

    For glucose test REQUIREMENT

    FASTING (8 HOURS)

  • 16

    for crystal analysis ? for it produces additional crystals

    Do not refrigerate

  • 17

    Synovial diluents:

    NSS, 1% SAPONIN, 0.1 N HCL

  • 18

    COLOR & CLARITY . Normal:

    COLORLESS TO PALE YELLOW

  • 19

    In noninflammatory (clear) and inflammatory (cloudy) effusions

    DEEP YELLOW

  • 20

    bacterial infections COLOR

    GREENISH

  • 21

    Hemmorhagic arthritis (even distribution) vs. traumatic tap (uneven) COLOR

    RED/ RED BROWN

  • 22

    + crystals COLOR

    WHITE, CLOUDY OR TURBID

  • 23

    VISCOSITY = Comes from the

    POLYMERATION OF HYALURONIC ACID

  • 24

    = Comes from the POLYMERATION OF HYALURONIC ACID

    VISCOSITY

  • 25

    Arthritis affects both the production of hyaluronate and its polymerization

    DECREASED viscosity

  • 26

    Reporting: (solid clot)

    Good

  • 27

    Reporting:Good

    (solid clot)

  • 28

    Reporting: (SOFT CLOT)

    FAIR

  • 29

    Reporting: FAIR

    (SOFT CLOT)

  • 30

    Reporting: POOR

    FRIABLE CLOT

  • 31

    Reporting: FRIABLE CLOT

    POOR

  • 32

    Reporting: VERY POOR

    NO CLOT AFTER ALL

  • 33

    Reporting: NO CLOT AFTER ALL

    VERY POOR

  • 34

    Normal: VISCOSITY

    FORMS A STRING 4-6 CM

  • 35

    Hyaluronate polymerization measurement

    Mucin Clot Test

  • 36

    Mucin Clot Test REAGENT

    2-5% ACETIC ACID

  • 37

    Mucin Clot Test Normal: forms ? surrounded by clear fluid

    solid clot

  • 38

    most frequently performed CELL COUNT

    TOTAL LEUKOCYTE COUNT

  • 39

    CELL COUNT Incubation at

    37C for 5 min

  • 40

    Neubauer Counting Chamber: (Clear fluids: ?

    undiluted

  • 41

    Neubauer Counting Chamber: Bloody/turbid: ?

    diluted

  • 42

    CELL COUNT Diluents:

    normal saline solution NSS

  • 43

    To lyse RBC:

    Hypotonic Saline (0.3%); Saline + saponin

  • 44

    stains WBC nuclei

    METHYLENE BLUE

  • 45

    count all 9 large square

    <200WBC/ ul

  • 46

    <200WBC/ ul:

    count all 9 large square

  • 47

    >200 WBC/ ul than the above:

    4 corner square

  • 48

    4 corner square

    >200 WBC/ ul than the above:

  • 49

    >200WBC/ul fin the 2nd: ? used for RBC count

    5 small squares

  • 50

    5 small squares used for RBC count

    >200WBC/ul than the 2nd:

  • 51

    Normal WBC Count:

    <200 cells/ ul:

  • 52

    Severe infections:

    >100,000 cells/ul

  • 53

    Performed on ciocentihigag prep! thin smeared slides incubated in hyaluronidase

    DIFFERENTIAL COUNT

  • 54

    Neutrophil: DIFFERENTIAL COUNT

    Neutrophil: <25%;

  • 55

    DIFFERENTIAL COUNT Lymphocytes

    Lymphocytes <15%

  • 56

    vacuolated macrophages w/ ingested neutrophils

    REITER CELLS

  • 57

    REITER CELLS DISEASE

    Reiter Syndrome Reactive Arthritis

  • 58

    RA CELLS; RAGOCYTES DISEASE

    Rheumatoid Arthritis Immunologic inflammation

  • 59

    Neutrophil with dark cytoplasmic granules w/ immune complex/ precipitated Rheumatoid factor

    RA CELLS; RAGOCYTES

  • 60

    Refractile intra- & extracellular globules w/c shained w/ sudan dyes

    lipid droplets

  • 61

    DISEASE lipid droplets

    Traumatic injury Chronic inflammation

  • 62

    Inclusions w/n clusters of synovial cells

    HEMOSIDERIN

  • 63

    HEMOSIDERIN DISEASE

    Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis

  • 64

    Similar to macrophage resembling mesothelial cells

    SYNOVIAL LINING CELLS

  • 65

    SYNOVIAL LINING CELLS DISEASE

    Disruption from arthrocentesis (normal)

  • 66

    Neutrophil containing characteristic ingested round body

    LE CELLS

  • 67

    LE CELLS DISEASE

    Lupus Erythematosus

  • 68

    Large, multinucleated

    CARTILAGE CELLS

  • 69

    CARTILAGE CELLS DISEASE

    Osteoarthritis

  • 70

    Macro: resembles polished rice Micro: Collagen & fibrin

    RICE BODIES

  • 71

    RICE BODIES DISEASE

    TB, septic arth, RA, Osteoarthritis

  • 72

    Debris from metal & plastic joint prosthesis Look likwe Ground Pepper

    OCHRONOTIC CHARGE

  • 73

    OCHRONOTIC CHARGE Look like

    Ground Pepper

  • 74

    Causes: metabolic disorders, decreased renal excretion, degeneration of cartilage and bones, corticosteroids

    CRYSTALS

  • 75

    located extracellular or w/n cytoplasm of neutrophil

    MONOSODIUM URATE

  • 76

    MONOSODIUM URATE DISEASE

    Gout

  • 77

    located w/n vacuoles of neutrophil

    CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE

  • 78

    CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE Degenerative arthritis, producing cartilage calcification, endocrine disorders that produce INCREASED calcium level

    Pseudogout:

  • 79

    NEEDLE SHAPED- CRYSTALS

    Monosodium Urate

  • 80

    Monosodium Urate Birefringence Significance

    Birefringence: NEGATIVE Significance: Gout

  • 81

    Rhomboid, square, Short rods

    Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate

  • 82

    Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Birefringence: Significance

    Birefringence: POSITIVE Significance: Pseudagout

  • 83

    small particles

    Hydroxyapatite (Basic Calcium Phosphate)

  • 84

    Hydroxyapatite (Basic Calcium Phosphate) Birefringence: Significance:

    Birefringence: no Significance: Calcified cartilage degeneration, osteoarthritis

  • 85

    Notched, Rhomboid plates

    Cholesterol crystals

  • 86

    Cholesterol Crystals Birefringence: Significance:

    Birefringence: negative Significance: Chronic inflammations

  • 87

    Flat, variable-shaped plates

    Corticosteroids

  • 88

    Corticosteroids Birefringence: Significance

    Birefringence: positive/ negative Significance: Injections of corticosteroids

  • 89

    Envelopes

    Calcium Oxalate

  • 90

    Calcium Oxalate Birefringence: Significance:

    Birefringence: negative Significance: Renal Dialysis

  • 91

    Ared-compensator is placed between the crystal & analyser. The compensator separates the light into slow-moving & fast-moving vibrations & produces a red background.

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light

  • 92

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Control slide for MSU polarization:

    BETHAMETHASUN ACETATE

  • 93

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Positive Birefringence:

    BLUE

  • 94

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Positive Birefringence: Longitudinal axes are _____ to the axis of the compensator

    PERPENDICULAR

  • 95

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Negative Birefringence:

    YELLOW

  • 96

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Negative Birefringence: Longitudinal axes are _____to the axis of the compensator

    PARALLEL

  • 97

    Normal Synovial Fluid Glucose:

    <10 MG/DL LOWER THAN BLOOD GLUCOSE

  • 98

    Normal Protein Level:

    <3 G/DL

  • 99

    SLE:

    Antibodies

  • 100

    RA:

    Fluid lactate, Acid phosphatase, antibodies

    • other names parasitology

    other names parasitology

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 70問 · 2年前

    other names parasitology

    other names parasitology

    70問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    PARASITOLOGY

    PARASITOLOGY

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 111問 · 2年前

    PARASITOLOGY

    PARASITOLOGY

    111問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    HTMLBE

    HTMLBE

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 64問 · 2年前

    HTMLBE

    HTMLBE

    64問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

    CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 61問 · 2年前

    CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

    CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

    61問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    HISTOPATHOLOGY

    HISTOPATHOLOGY

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 69問 · 2年前

    HISTOPATHOLOGY

    HISTOPATHOLOGY

    69問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    CC-2 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

    CC-2 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 100問 · 2年前

    CC-2 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

    CC-2 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

    100問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

    CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 41問 · 2年前

    CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

    CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

    41問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    AUBF LAB SAFETY

    AUBF LAB SAFETY

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 87問 · 2年前

    AUBF LAB SAFETY

    AUBF LAB SAFETY

    87問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    CSF 1

    CSF 1

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 100問 · 2年前

    CSF 1

    CSF 1

    100問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    CSF 2

    CSF 2

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 82問 · 2年前

    CSF 2

    CSF 2

    82問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    SEMEN 1

    SEMEN 1

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 100問 · 2年前

    SEMEN 1

    SEMEN 1

    100問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    SEMEN 2

    SEMEN 2

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 7問 · 2年前

    SEMEN 2

    SEMEN 2

    7問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 6問 · 2年前

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

    SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

    6問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    SEROUS FLUID

    SEROUS FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 25問 · 2年前

    SEROUS FLUID

    SEROUS FLUID

    25問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    PLEURAL FLUID

    PLEURAL FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 44問 · 2年前

    PLEURAL FLUID

    PLEURAL FLUID

    44問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    PERICARDIAL FLUID

    PERICARDIAL FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 18問 · 2年前

    PERICARDIAL FLUID

    PERICARDIAL FLUID

    18問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

    PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 30問 · 2年前

    PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

    PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

    30問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    AMNIOTIC FLUID

    AMNIOTIC FLUID

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 92問 · 2年前

    AMNIOTIC FLUID

    AMNIOTIC FLUID

    92問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    FECALYSIS

    FECALYSIS

    Yves Laure Pimentel · 80問 · 2年前

    FECALYSIS

    FECALYSIS

    80問 • 2年前
    Yves Laure Pimentel

    問題一覧

  • 1

    w/c is a viscous fluid found in a cavities of movable joints

    “Joint fluid"

  • 2

    Non-selective except HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT

    Ultrafiltrate of Plasma:

  • 3

    Functions: o Reduces friction between the bones during movement o Provide lubrication & provides nutrients to articular cartilage o Lessen shock of joint compression

    “Joint fluid"

  • 4

    secrete HYALURONIC ACID

    Synoviocytes

  • 5

    Synoviocytes secrete

    HYALURONIC ACID

  • 6

    Pain and stiffness in joints caused by damage to articular membrane

    arthritis

  • 7

    mucoidal, ultrafiltration

    HYALURONIC ACID

  • 8

    method of collection through needle aspiration

    ARTHROCENTESIS

  • 9

    Normal:

    DO NOT CLOT

  • 10

    Sterile heparinized/ SPS tube for

    GRAM STAIN/ CULTURE

  • 11

    Heparin/ Liquid EDTA for

    CELL COUNT

  • 12

    Sodium fluoride for

    GLUCOSE ANALYSIS

  • 13

    Non-anticogulated tube for

    other tests

  • 14

    Powdered anticoagulants are not used

    (Oxalate, Lithium Heparin, powdered EDTA)

  • 15

    For glucose test REQUIREMENT

    FASTING (8 HOURS)

  • 16

    for crystal analysis ? for it produces additional crystals

    Do not refrigerate

  • 17

    Synovial diluents:

    NSS, 1% SAPONIN, 0.1 N HCL

  • 18

    COLOR & CLARITY . Normal:

    COLORLESS TO PALE YELLOW

  • 19

    In noninflammatory (clear) and inflammatory (cloudy) effusions

    DEEP YELLOW

  • 20

    bacterial infections COLOR

    GREENISH

  • 21

    Hemmorhagic arthritis (even distribution) vs. traumatic tap (uneven) COLOR

    RED/ RED BROWN

  • 22

    + crystals COLOR

    WHITE, CLOUDY OR TURBID

  • 23

    VISCOSITY = Comes from the

    POLYMERATION OF HYALURONIC ACID

  • 24

    = Comes from the POLYMERATION OF HYALURONIC ACID

    VISCOSITY

  • 25

    Arthritis affects both the production of hyaluronate and its polymerization

    DECREASED viscosity

  • 26

    Reporting: (solid clot)

    Good

  • 27

    Reporting:Good

    (solid clot)

  • 28

    Reporting: (SOFT CLOT)

    FAIR

  • 29

    Reporting: FAIR

    (SOFT CLOT)

  • 30

    Reporting: POOR

    FRIABLE CLOT

  • 31

    Reporting: FRIABLE CLOT

    POOR

  • 32

    Reporting: VERY POOR

    NO CLOT AFTER ALL

  • 33

    Reporting: NO CLOT AFTER ALL

    VERY POOR

  • 34

    Normal: VISCOSITY

    FORMS A STRING 4-6 CM

  • 35

    Hyaluronate polymerization measurement

    Mucin Clot Test

  • 36

    Mucin Clot Test REAGENT

    2-5% ACETIC ACID

  • 37

    Mucin Clot Test Normal: forms ? surrounded by clear fluid

    solid clot

  • 38

    most frequently performed CELL COUNT

    TOTAL LEUKOCYTE COUNT

  • 39

    CELL COUNT Incubation at

    37C for 5 min

  • 40

    Neubauer Counting Chamber: (Clear fluids: ?

    undiluted

  • 41

    Neubauer Counting Chamber: Bloody/turbid: ?

    diluted

  • 42

    CELL COUNT Diluents:

    normal saline solution NSS

  • 43

    To lyse RBC:

    Hypotonic Saline (0.3%); Saline + saponin

  • 44

    stains WBC nuclei

    METHYLENE BLUE

  • 45

    count all 9 large square

    <200WBC/ ul

  • 46

    <200WBC/ ul:

    count all 9 large square

  • 47

    >200 WBC/ ul than the above:

    4 corner square

  • 48

    4 corner square

    >200 WBC/ ul than the above:

  • 49

    >200WBC/ul fin the 2nd: ? used for RBC count

    5 small squares

  • 50

    5 small squares used for RBC count

    >200WBC/ul than the 2nd:

  • 51

    Normal WBC Count:

    <200 cells/ ul:

  • 52

    Severe infections:

    >100,000 cells/ul

  • 53

    Performed on ciocentihigag prep! thin smeared slides incubated in hyaluronidase

    DIFFERENTIAL COUNT

  • 54

    Neutrophil: DIFFERENTIAL COUNT

    Neutrophil: <25%;

  • 55

    DIFFERENTIAL COUNT Lymphocytes

    Lymphocytes <15%

  • 56

    vacuolated macrophages w/ ingested neutrophils

    REITER CELLS

  • 57

    REITER CELLS DISEASE

    Reiter Syndrome Reactive Arthritis

  • 58

    RA CELLS; RAGOCYTES DISEASE

    Rheumatoid Arthritis Immunologic inflammation

  • 59

    Neutrophil with dark cytoplasmic granules w/ immune complex/ precipitated Rheumatoid factor

    RA CELLS; RAGOCYTES

  • 60

    Refractile intra- & extracellular globules w/c shained w/ sudan dyes

    lipid droplets

  • 61

    DISEASE lipid droplets

    Traumatic injury Chronic inflammation

  • 62

    Inclusions w/n clusters of synovial cells

    HEMOSIDERIN

  • 63

    HEMOSIDERIN DISEASE

    Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis

  • 64

    Similar to macrophage resembling mesothelial cells

    SYNOVIAL LINING CELLS

  • 65

    SYNOVIAL LINING CELLS DISEASE

    Disruption from arthrocentesis (normal)

  • 66

    Neutrophil containing characteristic ingested round body

    LE CELLS

  • 67

    LE CELLS DISEASE

    Lupus Erythematosus

  • 68

    Large, multinucleated

    CARTILAGE CELLS

  • 69

    CARTILAGE CELLS DISEASE

    Osteoarthritis

  • 70

    Macro: resembles polished rice Micro: Collagen & fibrin

    RICE BODIES

  • 71

    RICE BODIES DISEASE

    TB, septic arth, RA, Osteoarthritis

  • 72

    Debris from metal & plastic joint prosthesis Look likwe Ground Pepper

    OCHRONOTIC CHARGE

  • 73

    OCHRONOTIC CHARGE Look like

    Ground Pepper

  • 74

    Causes: metabolic disorders, decreased renal excretion, degeneration of cartilage and bones, corticosteroids

    CRYSTALS

  • 75

    located extracellular or w/n cytoplasm of neutrophil

    MONOSODIUM URATE

  • 76

    MONOSODIUM URATE DISEASE

    Gout

  • 77

    located w/n vacuoles of neutrophil

    CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE

  • 78

    CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE Degenerative arthritis, producing cartilage calcification, endocrine disorders that produce INCREASED calcium level

    Pseudogout:

  • 79

    NEEDLE SHAPED- CRYSTALS

    Monosodium Urate

  • 80

    Monosodium Urate Birefringence Significance

    Birefringence: NEGATIVE Significance: Gout

  • 81

    Rhomboid, square, Short rods

    Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate

  • 82

    Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Birefringence: Significance

    Birefringence: POSITIVE Significance: Pseudagout

  • 83

    small particles

    Hydroxyapatite (Basic Calcium Phosphate)

  • 84

    Hydroxyapatite (Basic Calcium Phosphate) Birefringence: Significance:

    Birefringence: no Significance: Calcified cartilage degeneration, osteoarthritis

  • 85

    Notched, Rhomboid plates

    Cholesterol crystals

  • 86

    Cholesterol Crystals Birefringence: Significance:

    Birefringence: negative Significance: Chronic inflammations

  • 87

    Flat, variable-shaped plates

    Corticosteroids

  • 88

    Corticosteroids Birefringence: Significance

    Birefringence: positive/ negative Significance: Injections of corticosteroids

  • 89

    Envelopes

    Calcium Oxalate

  • 90

    Calcium Oxalate Birefringence: Significance:

    Birefringence: negative Significance: Renal Dialysis

  • 91

    Ared-compensator is placed between the crystal & analyser. The compensator separates the light into slow-moving & fast-moving vibrations & produces a red background.

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light

  • 92

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Control slide for MSU polarization:

    BETHAMETHASUN ACETATE

  • 93

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Positive Birefringence:

    BLUE

  • 94

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Positive Birefringence: Longitudinal axes are _____ to the axis of the compensator

    PERPENDICULAR

  • 95

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Negative Birefringence:

    YELLOW

  • 96

    First Order Red-compensated polarized light Negative Birefringence: Longitudinal axes are _____to the axis of the compensator

    PARALLEL

  • 97

    Normal Synovial Fluid Glucose:

    <10 MG/DL LOWER THAN BLOOD GLUCOSE

  • 98

    Normal Protein Level:

    <3 G/DL

  • 99

    SLE:

    Antibodies

  • 100

    RA:

    Fluid lactate, Acid phosphatase, antibodies