FECALYSIS

Yves Laure Pimentel · 64問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Quantitative: timed specimen;

(3-day collection)

scarping of stool from diapers

CAMMIDGE

Pancreatic Disorders, Bile-duct Obstruction

BULKY/ FROTHY

insertion of thick walled glass in rectum

JALIFE

Intestinal constriction, Spastic bowel, Rectal Narrowing/ Structure

RIBBON LIKE

From intestinal oxidation of Stercobilinogen fo Stercobiin by intestinal bacteria

BROWN

Colitis, Dysentery, Malignancy, Constipation

MUCUS OR BLOOD STREAKED

Mushy, Foul, Smelling gray stool that floats on water

STEATORRHEA

Bleeding form UPPER GIT (Esophagus, Stomach, Duodenum) > 3 days for blood to stool Bismuth (Antacids), Iron Therapy, Charcoal

Black

LOWER GIT Bleeding; Beets, Food coloring, Rifampin

RED

seen in feces in cases of Ulcerative Colitis and Bacterial Dysentery

Leukocytes (Neutrophil)

FECAL ASSOCIATED PARASITES

Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, EIEC:

Bile-duct Obstruction, Barium Sulfate

GRAY/ PALE YELLOW

Biliverdin/ Oral Antibiotics, Green Vegetables, Calomel

Green

Wet preparations stained with

Methylene Blue

Dried Smears:

Wrights/ Giemsa Stain

Indicative of an invasive condition

NEUTROPHILS

Detects Lactoferrin (Secondary Granule)

Lactoferrin LATEX AGGLUTINATION

MUSCLE FIBERS

Creatorrhea

MUSCLE FIBERS

Helpful in diagnosis of pancretic sufficiecy

MUSCLE FIBERS (Creatorrhea)

MUSCLE FIBERS (Creatorrhea) Helpful in diagnosis of

pancretic sufficiecy

Partially Digested Muscle Fibers:

striation in one direction

Fully Digested Muscle Fibers:

no striations

microscopically screening for the presence of Excess Fecal Fat & Differentiate MALABSORPTION AND MALDIGESTION

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS microscopically screening for the presence of Excess Fecal Fat & Differentiate

MALABSORPTION AND MALDIGESTION

QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS Stain Used:

SUDAN III, IV, OIL RED O

are readily stained by Sudan lll & appear as Large Orange Red Droplets

Neutral Fats

Neutral Fats are readily stained by Sudan lll & appear as

Large Orange Red Droplets

Neutral Fats Stain are readily stained by ? & appear as Large Orange Red Droplets

Sudan lll

>60 Orange Droplets/ HPF =

Steatorrhea

Soaps and fatty acids do not stain directly w/ Sudan lll

split Fat Stain

Stool + 36% Acetic Acid + Sudan + Heat =

ORANGE DROPLETS

FECAL FATS : 100 small droplets with <4um in dm

NORMAL

FECAL FATS : 100 droplets w/ 1-8 um

SLIGHTLY INCREASED

FECAL FATS : 100 droplets with 6-75 um in diameter

STEATORRHEA

Steatorrhea can occur with Diarrhea and can result from

Malabsorption Vs. Maldigestion

Impaired Nutrient Absorption that result from Intestinal mucosa damage (Celiac Dse, Tropical Sprue)

Malabsorption

Impaired Food digestion that result from DECREASED level of pancreatic enzymes (Pancreatitis, Pancreatic Cancer, Obstructive jaundice)

Maldigestion

Maldigestion DISEASES

(Pancreatitis, Pancreatic Cancer, Obstructive jaundice)

DISEASES Malabsorption

(Celiac Dse, Tropical Sprue)

First Slide (Neutral Fat Stain) Malabsorption

NORMAL

First Slide (Neutral Fat Stain) Maldigestion

INCREASED

Second Slide (Free Fatty Acids) Malabsorption

INCREASED

Second Slide (Free Fatty Acids) Maldigestion

NORMAL

First Slide (Neutral Fat Stain) NORMAL, Second Slide (Free Fatty Acids) INCREASED CAUSES?

Malabsorption

First Slide (Neutral Fat Stain) INCREASED, Second Slide (Free Fatty Acids) NORMAL CAUSES?

Maldigestion

QUANTITATIVE FECAL FATS Specimen:

3 DAYS/ 72 HOURS STOOL SPECIMEN

GOLD STANDARD FOR QUANTITATIVE FECAL TESTING & the Method routinely Used for Fecal Fat Measurement

VAN DE KAMER TITRATION

Reference Values based on 100 g/d intake are 1-6 g/d or coefficient of fat retention of at least

95%

Rapid test to estimate amount of fat excretion, screen steatorrhea in pediatric populations

ACID STEATOCRIT

Most Frequently Performed in Fecal Analyses

FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST

grams of stool > Pathologically significant

>2.5mL/150g

Most Frequently Used Screening Test Principle: Pseudoperoxidase Activity of Hemoglobin =» Positive Result: blue

GUIAC BASED FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST

GUIAC BASED FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST Principle: Pseudoperoxidase Activity of Hemoglobin =» Positive Result:

blue

False-POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE FOBT Aspirin and other inflammatory medications

False-POSITIVE FOBT

False-POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE FOBT Red Meat

False-POSITIVE FOBT

False-POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE FOBT Vitamin C >250 mg/dl

False NEGATIVE FOBT

False-POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE FOBT Horseraddish. Raw Brocolli, Caulifiower, Radish, Turnips

False-POSITIVE FOBT

False-POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE FOBT Iron Supplements containing Vit

False NEGATIVE FOBT

False-POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE FOBT Melon, Menstrual & Hemorrhoid Contamination

False-POSITIVE FOBT

False-POSITIVE/ NEGATIVE FOBT Failure to wait after sample is applied 1to add the developer reagent (3-5 minutes)

False NEGATIVE FOBT

Specific for the Globin Portion of Human Hemoglobin and uses Polyclonal Anti- Human Hgb Antibodies

Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test

More sensitive to lower GIT bleeding

Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test

Based on the conversion of Heme (Degrade by Intestinal bacteria) to fluorescent porphyrins More sensitive to Upper GIT Bleeding

Porphyrin-Based Fecal Occult Blood Test

Distinguish between the presence of fetal blood or maternal blood in infants stool or vomitus

APT Test (Fetal Hemoglobin)

APT Test (Fetal Hemoglobin) WHAT IS USED

1% NAOH

Solution remains pink

HBF- FETAL HEMOGLOBIN

Yellow-Brown supematant after standing for 2 minutes

MATERNAL HALO

FECAL ENZYMES

(Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Elastase 1)

Decreased Production of Pancreatic Enzymes (Pancreatic insufficiency) is associated with

Chronic Pancreatitis & CF

Screening test for Fecal Trypsin

GELATIN TEST

Maybe Present in stool as a result of intestinal inabili : ty to reabsorb CHO (Celiac Disease); or lack of digestive enzyme (Lactase: Lactose Intolerance)

CARBOHYDRATES

CARBOHYDRATES Normal pH:

Between 7 & 8

Copper Reduction Test: Indicative of CHO Intolerance

0.5 g/dl

Most Common Cause of Malabsorption in developed countries

CELIAC DISEASE

CELIAC DISEASE Immunologic Test:

Anti-Glidialin & Anti-Endomysial Antibodies

CELIAC DISEASE TEST

CELLOBIOSE MANNITOL PERMEABILITY TESTS

a sugar that doesn't need to be digested but absorbed in order to be present in urine

D-xylose

because pancreatic enzymes are not required for absorption of D-Xylose

<3 G Enterogenous Malabsorption

HTMLBE

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64問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 111問 · 2年前

PARASITOLOGY

PARASITOLOGY

111問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 70問 · 2年前

other names parasitology

other names parasitology

70問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 61問 · 2年前

CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

CC - 1 LAB. SAFETY, BASIC UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTOR

61問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 69問 · 2年前

HISTOPATHOLOGY

HISTOPATHOLOGY

69問 • 2年前

CC-2 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

CC-2 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Yves Laure Pimentel · 41問 · 2年前

CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

CC-3 ELECTROPHORESIS

41問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 87問 · 2年前

AUBF LAB SAFETY

AUBF LAB SAFETY

87問 • 2年前

CSF 1

CSF 1

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CSF 2

CSF 2

82問 • 2年前

SEMEN 1

SEMEN 1

Yves Laure Pimentel · 7問 · 2年前

SEMEN 2

SEMEN 2

7問 • 2年前

SYNOVIAL FLUID 1

SYNOVIAL FLUID 1

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SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

SYNOVIAL FLUID 2

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Yves Laure Pimentel · 25問 · 2年前

SEROUS FLUID

SEROUS FLUID

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Yves Laure Pimentel · 44問 · 2年前

PLEURAL FLUID

PLEURAL FLUID

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Yves Laure Pimentel · 18問 · 2年前

PERICARDIAL FLUID

PERICARDIAL FLUID

18問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 30問 · 2年前

PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

PERITONEAL FLUID/ ASCITIC FLUID

30問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 92問 · 2年前

AMNIOTIC FLUID

AMNIOTIC FLUID

92問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 89問 · 2年前

OTHER BODY FLUIDS

OTHER BODY FLUIDS

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Yves Laure Pimentel · 86問 · 2年前

MTLBE- SUHO NOTES

MTLBE- SUHO NOTES

86問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 35問 · 2年前

MTLBE..

MTLBE..

35問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 19問 · 1年前

CC- CHROMATOGRAPHY

CC- CHROMATOGRAPHY

19問 • 1年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 14問 · 1年前

CC-OSMOMETRY

CC-OSMOMETRY

14問 • 1年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 43問 · 1年前

CC-ELECTROCHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES

CC-ELECTROCHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES

43問 • 1年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 49問 · 2年前

CC- CARBOHYDRATES

CC- CARBOHYDRATES

49問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 97問 · 2年前

CC- DIABETES MELLITUS

CC- DIABETES MELLITUS

97問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 57問 · 2年前

MAJOR LIPOPROTEINS

MAJOR LIPOPROTEINS

57問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 63問 · 2年前

MINOR LIPOPROTEINS

MINOR LIPOPROTEINS

63問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 37問 · 2年前

PROTEINS

PROTEINS

37問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 91問 · 2年前

PLASMA PROTEINS 1

PLASMA PROTEINS 1

91問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 98問 · 2年前

PLASMA PROTEINS 2 (ALPHA 2 REGION)

PLASMA PROTEINS 2 (ALPHA 2 REGION)

98問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 61問 · 2年前

MISCELLANEOUS PROTEINS

MISCELLANEOUS PROTEINS

61問 • 2年前

Liver Function Test 1

Liver Function Test 1

Yves Laure Pimentel · 96問 · 2年前

Liver Function Test 2

Liver Function Test 2

96問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 33問 · 2年前

TUMOR MARKERS

TUMOR MARKERS

33問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 41問 · 2年前

KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS - NON PROTEIN NITROGEN & CREATININE

KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS - NON PROTEIN NITROGEN & CREATININE

41問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 17問 · 2年前

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES

17問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 14問 · 2年前

LIPID STORAGE DISEASES

LIPID STORAGE DISEASES

14問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 71問 · 2年前

PROTEINS

PROTEINS

71問 • 2年前

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QUICK FIRE- ELECTRODES

QUICK FIRE- ELECTRODES

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Yves Laure Pimentel · 10問 · 2年前

ELECTROLYTES

ELECTROLYTES

10問 • 2年前

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DRUGS

DRUGS

27問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 12問 · 2年前

TOXIC AGENTS:

TOXIC AGENTS:

12問 • 2年前

HEMATOLOGY 1 (HEMATOPOIESIS 1)

HEMATOLOGY 1 (HEMATOPOIESIS 1)

Yves Laure Pimentel · 29問 · 2年前

HEMATOLOGY (HEMATOPOIESIS 2)

HEMATOLOGY (HEMATOPOIESIS 2)

29問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 25問 · 2年前

hema diseases

hema diseases

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Yves Laure Pimentel · 43問 · 2年前

AML

AML

43問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 71問 · 2年前

GLOBIN SYNTHESIS

GLOBIN SYNTHESIS

71問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 31問 · 2年前

HEMATOLOGY REFERENCE RANGES

HEMATOLOGY REFERENCE RANGES

31問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 34問 · 2年前

DISORDERS OF PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS

DISORDERS OF PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS

34問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 37問 · 2年前

PLATELET DISORDERS

PLATELET DISORDERS

37問 • 2年前

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOTTING FACTORS

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOTTING FACTORS

Yves Laure Pimentel · 12問 · 2年前

4. CLASSIFICATION OF MACROPHAGE

4. CLASSIFICATION OF MACROPHAGE

12問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 39問 · 2年前

3. NATURAL OR INNATE IMMUNITY

3. NATURAL OR INNATE IMMUNITY

39問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 55問 · 2年前

5. INTERNAL DEFENSE:SOLUBLE FACTORS (ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS)

5. INTERNAL DEFENSE:SOLUBLE FACTORS (ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS)

55問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 37問 · 2年前

6. PHAGOCYTOSIS Chemotaxis

6. PHAGOCYTOSIS Chemotaxis

37問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 44問 · 2年前

8. NATURE OF ANTIGEN

8. NATURE OF ANTIGEN

44問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 50問 · 2年前

9. MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX/HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN

9. MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX/HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN

50問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 69問 · 2年前

1. HISTORY

1. HISTORY

69問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 38問 · 2年前

2. TYPES OF IMMUNITY

2. TYPES OF IMMUNITY

38問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 21問 · 2年前

7. PHAGOCYTOSIS Engulfment and Digestion

7. PHAGOCYTOSIS Engulfment and Digestion

21問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 15問 · 2年前

8. PHAGOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS

8. PHAGOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS

15問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 32問 · 2年前

10. DISEASE ASSOCIATED TO HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (henry)

10. DISEASE ASSOCIATED TO HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (henry)

32問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 30問 · 2年前

11. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY

11. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY

30問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 38問 · 2年前

2. LYMPHOID ORGANS

2. LYMPHOID ORGANS

38問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 48問 · 2年前

3. CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION

3. CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION

48問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 35問 · 2年前

4. T-CELL DIFFERENTIATION

4. T-CELL DIFFERENTIATION

35問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 18問 · 2年前

5. T CELL IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

5. T CELL IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

18問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 44問 · 2年前

6. STAGES IN B-CELL DIFFERENTIATION  PROPIMAP

6. STAGES IN B-CELL DIFFERENTIATION  PROPIMAP

44問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 23問 · 2年前

7. B CELL IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

7. B CELL IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

23問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 34問 · 2年前

8. COMBINED T CELL AND B CELL DEFICIENCIES

8. COMBINED T CELL AND B CELL DEFICIENCIES

34問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 12問 · 2年前

9. COMPARISON OF T AND B CELLS

9. COMPARISON OF T AND B CELLS

12問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 16問 · 2年前

10. LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF LYMPHOCYTES

10. LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF LYMPHOCYTES

16問 • 2年前

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11. NATURAL KILLER CELLS OR THIRD POPULATION CELL

11. NATURAL KILLER CELLS OR THIRD POPULATION CELL

15問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 79問 · 2年前

12. ANTIBODY

12. ANTIBODY

79問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 97問 · 2年前

13. TYPES OF ANTIBODIES

13. TYPES OF ANTIBODIES

97問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 11問 · 2年前

14. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

14. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

11問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 23問 · 2年前

1. INTERLEUKINS

1. INTERLEUKINS

23問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 28問 · 2年前

2. INTERFERONS

2. INTERFERONS

28問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 8問 · 2年前

3. CYTOKINES IN THE INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

3. CYTOKINES IN THE INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

8問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 19問 · 2年前

4. COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

4. COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

19問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 76問 · 2年前

15. COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

15. COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

76問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 21問 · 2年前

16. SYSTEM CONTROLS/COMPLEMENT REGULATION

16. SYSTEM CONTROLS/COMPLEMENT REGULATION

21問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 29問 · 2年前

17. COMPLEMENT AND DISEASE STATES

17. COMPLEMENT AND DISEASE STATES

29問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 19問 · 2年前

18. IMMUNOLOGIC ASSAYS OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS (CLASSICAL)

18. IMMUNOLOGIC ASSAYS OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS (CLASSICAL)

19問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 22問 · 2年前

19. CYTOKINES

19. CYTOKINES

22問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 24問 · 2年前

20. INTERLEUKINS

20. INTERLEUKINS

24問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 21問 · 2年前

21. INTERFERONS, TNF, TGF, CHEMOKINE

21. INTERFERONS, TNF, TGF, CHEMOKINE

21問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 54問 · 2年前

1. SERO

1. SERO

54問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 38問 · 2年前

2. PRECIPITATION

2. PRECIPITATION

38問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 17問 · 2年前

3. PASSIVE IMMUNODIFFUSION

3. PASSIVE IMMUNODIFFUSION

17問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 15問 · 2年前

4. OUCHTERLONY

4. OUCHTERLONY

15問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 9問 · 2年前

5. ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUE

5. ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUE

9問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 11問 · 2年前

6. IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (DOUBLE DIFFUSION)

6. IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (DOUBLE DIFFUSION)

11問 • 2年前

Yves Laure Pimentel · 29問 · 2年前

7. IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS

7. IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS

29問 • 2年前