316 Prefi

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 42問 · 1年前

通報

問題一覧

is the intensity of light per unit area.

Illumination or Illuminance (E)

is measured by the normal luminous flux per unit area received by it.

Illumination or Illuminance (E)

is the energy radiated in the form of waves which produces the sensation of vision to the eyes.

Light

may be natural from sun or the artificial from the means created by human beings.

Light

is that part of electromagnetic radiation spectrum capable of exciting the retina and ultimately producing a visual sensation.

Visible Light

is the intensity of sensation resulting from viewing light sources and backgrounds.

Brightness

is the quality of visual sensation which is associated with the spectral distribution of light.

Color

is a strong steady dazzling light.

Glare

is given by the ratio of luminous flux reflected from a small area of a surface to the total flux incident upon it.

Reflection Factor or Coefficient of Reflection or Reflectance (p)

is the ratio of the total luminous flux transmitted to it to the total flux Incident on it.

Transmittance (T) of an Illuminated Diffuse Reflecting Surface

is the ratio of the light absorbed versus the light striking the surface.

Absorptance (a)

is the ratio of the lumens actually received by a particular surface to the total lumens emitted by the luminous source.

Coefficient of Utilization or Utilization Factor (n)

is the factor related to the cleanliness of the lamp including the room, replacement of lamp after recommended life, etc.

Maintenance Factor

is the reciprocal of maintenance factor. Its value is more than unity.

Depreciation Factor

is the ratio of the luminous flux to the power intake. Its unit is lumens/watt (lm/W).

Specific Output or Light Efficiency or Efficacy

are classified according to the following: location, requirement and purposes etc.

Lighting Schemes

In this system almost 90% to 95% light falls directly on the object or surface.

Direct Lighting

The light is made to fall upon the surface with the help of deep reflectors.

Direct Lighting

Most used in industries and commercial lighting.

Direct Lighting

Although this scheme is most efficient it is liable to cause glare and shadow

Direct Lighting

In this system, the light does not fall directly on the surface but more than 90% of light is directed upwards by using diffusing reflectors.

Indirect Lighting

Here the ceiling acts as a source of light and this light is uniformly distributed over the surface and glare is reduce to minimum.

Indirect Lighting

It provides shadow less illumination which is useful for drawing officesand composing rooms.

Indirect Lighting

It is used for decoration purposes in cinema halls, hotels and etc.

Indirect Lighting

This is an efficient system of lighting and chances of glare are also reduced.

Semi-Direct Lighting

Here transparent shades are used through which about 60% light is directed downward and 40% is directed upward.

Semi-Direct Lighting

This also provides a uniform distribution of light and is best suited for room with high ceilings.

Semi-Direct Lighting

In this system about 60% to 90% of total light is thrown upward to the ceiling for diffused reflection and the rest reaches the working plane directly.

Semi Indirect Lighting

A very small amount of light is absorbed by the bowl.

Semi Indirect Lighting

It is mainly used for interior decoration.

Semi Indirect Lighting

This system employs such type of luminaires, shades and reflectors which gives equal illumination in all the directions.

General Lighting

is the difference in brightness between an object and its background.

Contrast

In this type of lighting most of the light falls directly to the surface or the spot which is required to be illuminated.

Direct Lighting

In this system, about 90% of the total light energy falls on the object.

Direct Lighting

In this case light does not reach the surface directly but it is being reflected.

Indirect Lighting

The lamps are either placed behind a cornice or in suspended opaque bowls.

Indirect Lighting

In this case about 90% of light energy falls to the ceiling and then it comes to the object.

Indirect Lighting

There is an opaque reflector below the lamp.

Indirect Lighting

This type of lighting is used for decoration purposes in cinema, dancing halls, etc.

Indirect Lighting

This system utilizes luminaires which send most of the light downwards directly on the working plane but a considerable amount reaches the ceilings and walls also.

Semi-Direct Lighting

This lighting system lies between the direct and indirect lighting wherein the light is partially received by diffuse reflection and partly direct from the source.

Semi-Indirect Lighting

In this system about 60 to 90% light-upward and remaining downwards.

Semi-Indirect Lighting

This type of lighting is mostly used for decoration purposes.

Semi-Indirect Lighting

In this lighting system, luminaires are employed which have almost equal light distribution downwards and upwards.

General Diffusing System

is a type of reflection when a total reflection of an incident light does not occur but a small portion of it is absorbed by the reflecting surface and an image of the source is formed.

Specular Reflection

is a type of reflection where the incident light is scattered or diffused in all directions hence no image of the source is formed.

Diffuse Reflection

is one that scatters light uniformly in all directions. A white blotting paper is the nearest approach to this.

Perfect Diffuser

describes the quality of light on a scale of 0 (horrible) to 100 (perfect).

Color Rendering Index

refers to the light emitted from a metal object heated to the point of incandescence.

Temperature

refers to how reliable the light source is when compared with other lamps that are installed at the same time.

Color Consistency and Stability

refers to the energy efficiency of a light source measured in lumens per watt.

Efficacy

evaluates how much of the light is lose by the end of the lamp's life

Lumen Maintenance

Any device that includes a lamp holder and the means of electrification and support for that device.

Luminaire

Emit light downward. These include most type of recessed lightings, including downlights and troffers and surface mounted luminaires.

Direct Luminaires

Emit light upward. These may include many styles of suspended luminaires, scones, and some portable lamps.

Indirect Luminaires

Emit light upward and downward but not to the side. These include many types of suspended luminaires as well as some table and floor lamps.

Direct/Indirect Luminaire

Emit light in all directions uniformly. These include most types of bare lamps, globes, chandeliers, pendants and some table and floor lamps.

Diffuse Luminaires

Are usually designed for specific applications. These may include wall washers.

Asymmetric Luminaires

Are generally direct luminaires that can be adjusted to throw light in directions other than down. These include track lights, flood lights and accent lights.

Adjustable Luminaires

are often cans or high hats.

Recessed Downlights

are used in most commercial applications with a dropped ceiling and no nearby insulation.

Thermally Protected (T) Luminaires

occur when then luminaire is intended to be in contact with insulation. Housings are typically used in homes, especially in ceilings with attics above.

Insulated Ceiling (IC)

can be exposed to moist air but not to direct water spray or rain.

Damp Location Luminaires

can be exposed to direct water spray or rain, including extreme conditions outdoors.

Wet Location Fixtures

are designed for use in shower stalls and over spas.

Spa or Shower Fixtures

are equipped with backup battery so as to produce light for at least 90 minutes during a power outage (generally, only compact fluorescent luminaires are so equipped).

Emergency Fixtures

allow light to focus in art, signage and other interior surfaces and features.

Adjustable Accent Fixtures

appear as downlights but internally permit horizontal and vertical rotation of the lamp's light beam.

Recessed Accent Fixtures

allow for flexibility in lamps types and ease of relocation using a single power source.

Track Lighting Systems

are any type of asymmetric luminaire that is intended to flatly light the wall from the ceiling down to the floor.

Wallwashers

downlights with a kicker reflector to push up the wall.

Downlight Wallwashers

- resemble downlights but use a cut cone and angled prismatic lens to spread the light to a point source.

Recessed Lensed Wallwashers

throw light unto an adjacent wall using a sophisticated reflector system.

Surface and Semi-Recessed Lens and Open Wallwashers

at the ceiling, they provide a continuous line of fixtures parallel with the illuminated wall.

Linear or Continuous Recessed Wallwasher

is a technique that places the light source very close to the wall accentuating a textured surface.

Wall Gazing

use a plastic lens to refract light and distribute it within the desired area below.

Lensed Troffers

use parabolically shaped aluminum or plastic louvers to shield the lamp for improved visual comfort.

Parabolic Troffers

are open, and light from fluorescent lamps is bounced off the interior box of the troffer.

Recessed Indirect Troffers

combine the efficiency of a lensed troffer with the aesthetic quality of the indirect basket troffer.

High Efficiency Troffers

are fluorescent luminaires having indirect, semi-direct, and direct-indirect lighting distribution: they are designed to illuminate offices and other more finished spaces.

Linear Lighting Systems

Because the luminaires can be obtained in varying lengths and assembled into patters, they are called.

Linear Systems

provide uplighting onto a ceiling plane.

Indirect Cove Fixtures

contain a reflector that pushes the light out into the space.

Asymmetric Fluorescent Cove Fixtures

vary in beam spread, size and wattage and can be used to illuminate a whole ceiling or simply provide a glow.

Adjustable LED Cove Fixtures

are very small profile LED strips that typically contain a tape backing.

LED “Tape” Lights

are specially designed to illuminate a desk area while minimizing veiling reflections.

Task Lights

is the jewelry of architecture and, in many building types, plays a significant role in building style, period, or motif.

Decorative Lighting

are ornate luminaires generally consisting of many small incandescent lamps that simulate the effect of candle flames.

Chandeliers

are also ceiling-hung decorative fixtures.

Pendants

is used for hanging luminaires less formal than chandeliers that are used in offices, restaurants, and many other places.

Pendant

are similar to pendants but mount closely to the ceiling to allow use in most rooms with conventional ceiling heights.

Close-to-Ceiling Luminaires

are wall-mounted luminaires and are often decorative.

Sconces

are portable luminaires.

Table and Floor Lamps

are floor lamps designed specifically for uplighting.

Torchieres

are used for bath vanity and mirror areas.

Vanity Lights

is a control device that turns lights on and off.

Switch

The two most common switches.

Toggle and Decora (Paddle)

is a switch that turns lights off automatically after a certain period.

Timer Switch

are automatic switches that turn lights on when motion is detected and leave them on until some designated time after the last motion occurs.

Occupational Sensors

100

are control devices that vary the light level and power to lights.

Dimmers

Enumeration

Enumeration

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Identification

Identification

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Chapter 1

Chapter 1

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C1 part 2

C1 part 2

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Chap 1&2

Chap 1&2

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Chap 3&4

Chap 3&4

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HUM

HUM

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Lesson 2,3,4,5,6,7

Lesson 2,3,4,5,6,7

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Chap 1,2

Chap 1,2

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Lesson 1

Lesson 1

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Chap 3,4

Chap 3,4

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Chapter 2

Chapter 2

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Lesson 1&2

Lesson 1&2

Chapter 3

Chapter 3

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Lesson 3&4

Lesson 3&4

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Chapter 4

Chapter 4

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Lesson 5,6&7

Lesson 5,6&7

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(2)

(2)

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Chapter 5

Chapter 5

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CE215

CE215

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MTE4

MTE4

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HUM

HUM

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DRAW

DRAW

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ECON

ECON

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Chap1

Chap1

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MECH

MECH

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chap2

chap2

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draw

draw

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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ttr

ttr

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g ycu

g ycu

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ENUMERATION

ENUMERATION

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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5-8

5-8

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Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Chap 6

Chap 6

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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Enu2

Enu2

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Chap 7

Chap 7

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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Chap 8

Chap 8

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chap9

chap9

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Natural and Forest Resources

Natural and Forest Resources

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ECON

ECON

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Water and Mineral Resources

Water and Mineral Resources

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MTE4 PREFI

MTE4 PREFI

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Food, Energy, Land Resources

Food, Energy, Land Resources

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HUM PREFI

HUM PREFI

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CE215 PREFI

CE215 PREFI

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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8,9

8,9

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10,11

10,11

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L10

L10

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L11

L11

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Identification

Identification

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Ident

Ident

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enu

enu

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officials

officials

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events

events

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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1-5

1-5

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2,3,4

2,3,4

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enu 2

enu 2

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ENU

ENU

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midterm

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2.1

2.1

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Mech E3

Mech E3

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Techno

Techno

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enu L1

enu L1

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Mech E2

Mech E2

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1-5

1-5

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Book

Book

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Hum 3

Hum 3

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Obtaining Data

Obtaining Data

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