Chap 1&2

73問 • 1年前

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Where the engineer is engaged in the process of learning about nature and codifying this knowledge into usable theories.

Research

Where the engineer undertakes the activity of turning a product concept to a finished physical item.

Design and Development

Where the engineer works in a unit where new products or parts are tested for work-ability.

Testing

Where the engineer is directly in charge of production personnel or assumes responsibility for the product.

Manufacturing

Where the engineer is either directly in charge of the construction personnel or may have responsibility for the quality of the construction process.

Construction

Where the engineer assists the company's customers to meet their needs, especially those that require technical expertise.

Sales

Where the engineer works as consultant of any individual or organization requiring his services.

Consulting

Where the engineer may find employment in the government performing any of the various tasks in regulating, monitoring, and controlling the activities of various institutions, public or private.

Government

Where the engineer gets employment in a school and is assigned as a teacher of engineering courses. Some of them later become deans, vice presidents, and presidents.

Teaching

Where the engineer is assigned to manage groups of people performing specific tasks.

Management

Those with minimal engineering jobs like retailing firms.

Level One

Those with a moderate degree of engineering jobs like transportation companies.

Level Two

Those with a high degree of engineering jobs like construction firms.

Level Three

Slim chance of becoming the general manager or president.

Level One

May be assigned to head a small engineering unit of the firm.

Level One

May be assigned to head the engineering division.

Level Two

Provide the biggest opportunity for an engineer to become the president or general manager.

Level Three

Refers to the activity combining technical knowledge with the ability to organize and coordinate worker power, materials, machinery, and money.

Engineering Management

The creative problem solving-process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling an organization’s resources to achieve its mission and objectives.

Management

A process consisting of planning, organizing, directing (or leading), and controlling.

Management

Refers to the capacity of an engineer manager to achieve organizational objectives effectively and efficiently.

Ability

According to him, effectiveness refers to a description of whether objectives are accomplished. While efficiency is a description of the relative amount of resources used in obtaining effectiveness.

Higgins

A description of whether objectives are accomplished.

Effectiveness

A description of the relative amount of resources used in obtaining effectiveness.

Efficiency

He developed a psychometric instrument to measure objectively an individual’s motivation to manage.

John B. Miner

Characterized by the recognition of managerial talent through financial and nonfinancial rewards.

Supportive Climate

Are primarily tasked to provide leadership in the quest for the attainment of the organization's objectives.

Engineer Managers

The process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action in a manner appropriate to the demands of the situation.

Decision-Making

The heart of all the management functions.

Decision-Making, Nickels and Others

Exists when there is a difference between an actual situation and a desired situation.

Problem

Its objective is the identification of constraints, which may be spelled out as either internal or external limitations.

Environmental Analysis

Refers to organizational activities within a firm that surrounds decision-making.

Internal Environment

Refers to variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short-run control of top management.

External Environment

like org, structure, policies, procedures, rules, ability of management, etc.

Organizational Aspects

like product strategy, promotion strategy, etc.

Marketing Aspects

like recruitment practices, incentive systems, etc.

Personnel Aspects

like plant facility layout, inventory control, etc.

Production Aspects

like liquidity, profitability, etc.

Financial Aspects

He suggests that each alternative must be analyzed and evaluated in terms of its value, cost, and risk characteristics.

Souder

Refers to benefits that can be expected.

Value of the Alternatives

Refers to out-of-pocket costs, opportunity costs, and follow-on costs.

Cost of the Alternative

Refer to the likelihood of achieving the goals of the alternatives.

Risk Characteristics

Refers to the process of selecting among alternatives representing potential solutions to a problem.

Choice-making

He advises that particular effort should be made to identify all significant consequences of each choice.

Webber

Refers to carrying out the decision so that the objectives sought will be achieved.

Implementation

Refers to the process which requires checking at each stage of the process to assure that the alternatives generated, the criteria used in evaluation, and the solution selected for implementation are in keeping with the goals and objectives originally specified.

Feedback

Refers to actions made to ensure that activities performed match the desired activities or goals, that have been set.

Control

Refers to evaluation of alternatives using intuition and subjective judgment.

Qualitative Evaluation

Refers to the evaluation of alternatives using any technique in a group classified as rational and analytical.

Quantitative Evaluation

Used to calculate the number of items that should be ordered at one time to minimize the total yearly cost of placing orders and carrying the items in inventory.

Economic Order Quantity Model

An economic order quantiy technique applied to production orders.

Production Order Quantity Model

Used for planned shortages.

Back Order Inventory Model

Used to minimize the total cost when quantity discounts are offered by suppliers.

Quantity Discount Model

Describes how to determine the number of service units that will minimize both customer waiting time and cost of service.

Queuing Theory

Are models where large complex tasks are broken into smaller segments that can be managed independently.

Network Models

A technique which enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects by employing three time estimates for each activity.

PERT

A network technique using only one time factor per activity that enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects.

CPM

The collection of past and current information to make predictions about the future.

Forecasting

A forecasting method that examines the association between two or more variables.

Regression Model

May be simple or multiple depending on the number of independent variables present.

Regression Analysis

One independent variable is involved.

Simple Regression

Two or more independent variables are involved.

Multiple Regression

A model constructed to represent reality, on which conclusions about real-life problems can be used.

Simulation

A highly sophisticated tool by means of which the decision maker develops a mathematical model of the system under consideration.

Simulation

Does not guarantee an optimum solution, but it can evaluate the alternatives fed into the process by the decision-maker.

Simulation

A quantitative technique that is used to produce an optimum solution within the bounds imposed by constraints upon the decision.

Linear Programming

Very useful as a decision-making tool when supply and demand limitations at plants, warehouse, or market areas are constraints upon the system.

Linear Programming

A quantitative technique where samples of populations are statistically determined to be used for a number of processes, such as quality control and marketing research.

Sampling Theory

Saves time and money.

Sampling

Refers to the rational way to conceptualize, analyze, and solve problems in situations involving limited, or partial information about the decision environment.

Decision Theory

When the decision-maker is able to assign probabilities to the various events, the use of probabilistic decision rule, called the __, becomes possible

Bayes Criterion

Selects the decision alternative having the maximum expected payoff, or the minimum expected loss if he is working with a loss table.

Bayes Criterion

To revise and update the initial assessments of the event probabilities generated by the alternative solutions.

Bayesian Analysis

Enumeration

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 42問 · 1年前

Enumeration