問題一覧
1
It can propagate through air, liquid or solid.
Sound
2
Are materials, including solids, that are acids or bases, or that produce acidic or alkaline solutions.
Corrosivity
3
The introduction of substances to the marine environment directly or indirectly by man resulting in adverse effects such as hazardous to human health, obstruction of marine activities and lowering the quality of sea water.
Marine Pollution
4
The __ has recommended the permissible noise levels for various places
CPCB
5
These contain small amounts of mercury, a potent, developmental neurotoxin that can damage the brain, liver, kidneys and central nervous system, especially in infants and young children.
Fluorescent Light Bulbs
6
Processes such as settling and fitration.
Physical Processes
7
Are based on the premise that one person's waste is another person's prize.
Recovery Alternatives
8
Processes such as disinfection and coagulation.
Chemical Processes
9
Is unpleasant and unwanted sound.
Noise
10
Hazardous waste management facilities should be located outside the paths of recurring severe storms.
Climatology
11
Is the industrial-scale processes that makes water more acceptable for an end-use, which may be drinking, industry, or medicine.
Water Treatment
12
This list identifies wastes from many common manufacturing and industrial processes, such as solvents that have been used for cleaning or degreasing.
F-list (non-specific source wastes)
13
Accidental exposure can occur through ingestion, inhalation, and/or skin absorption.
Pesticides and Herbicides
14
Is very important in order to minimize the adverse effects of solid wastes.
Solid Waste Management
15
Is a controlled process that uses combustion to convert a waste to a less bulky, less toxic, or less noxious material.
Incineration
16
Hazardous waste landfills should be located well above historically high groundwater tables.
Hydrology
17
Is a waste with properties that make it potentially dangerous or harmful to human health or the environment.
Hazardous Waste
18
Areas with low ultimate land use should receive prime consideration. Areas with high recreational use potential should be avoided because of the increased possibility of direct human contact with the wastes.
Alternative Land Use
19
Noise is measure in terms of __ which is a log ratio of sound P to a std. P. It has a dimensionless unit __ (_). The international reference P is 2 x 10^-5 Pa.
SPL, decibel (dB)
20
The primary danger is that the substance could ignite.
Flammable Liquids
21
The risk that a developing embryo will have physical defects.
Teratogenic Effect
22
Can create fires under certain conditions, undergo spontaneous combustion, or have a flash point less than 60°C (140°F).
Ignitability
23
Decompose the organic components of the municipal solid wastes.
Composting or Biodegradation
24
Burn highly combustible wastes at very high temperature.
Incineration
25
In this process, chemicals are mixed with waste sludge, the mixture is pumped onto land, and solidification occurs in several days or weeks.
Chemical Stabilization or Fixation
26
It creates alternate compression and rarefaction.
Sound Pressure
27
Is mechanical energy from a vibrating source.
Sound
28
A wide range of material to encapsulate hazardous waste is available.
Encapsulation
29
Any material that is thrown away or discarded as unwanted.
Solid Waste
30
Waste-specific degradation processes include __, which destroys organophosphorus and carbonate pesticides, and __, which destroys some polychiorinated pesticides
Hydrolysis, Chemical Dechlorination
31
This list includes certain wastes known to contain mercury, such as fluorescent lamps, mercury switches, and the products that house these switches, and mercury-containing novelties.
M-list (discarded mercury-containing products)
32
These lists include specific commercial chemical products that have not been used, but that will be (or have been) discarded.
P-list and U-list (discarded commercial chemical products)
33
The dangers associated with these are generally combustion or explosion dangers.
Cylinders
34
is usually achieved by incineration, which takes advantage of the large organic fraction of waste being generated by many industries, but may lead to secondary problems for hazardous waste engineers.
Volume Reduction
35
These are solid wastes that pose a fire threat. These are materials that have the potential to ignite by friction or heat sources, or by contact with other chemicals.
Flammable Solids
36
Is pressure perturbation in the medium through which it travels.
Sound
37
Are key concerns as a hazardous waste begins its journey from the generator site to a secure long-term storage facility.
Waste Processing and Handling
38
Before shipment to a processing or long-term storage facility, wastes are segregated by type and chemical characteristics.
Waste Segregation
39
Is the degradation of water quality by any process that increases the ambient water temperature.
Thermal Pollution
40
These techniques are specific ion exchange obviously does not work for every chemical, and some forms of heat treatment may be prohibitively expensive for sludge that has a high water content.
Detoxification
41
Are transported across the nation on trucks, rail flatcars, and barges.
Hazardous Wastes
42
Is the introduction of substances, biological organisms, or energy into the soil, resulting in a change of the soil cuality, which is likely to affect the normal use of the soil or endangering public health and the living environment.
Soil Pollution
43
A disposal or processing facility should be located only on stable geologic formations.
Geology
44
This list includes certain wastes from specific industries, such as petroleum refining or pesticide manufacturing.
K-list (source-specific wastes)
45
Offers an alternative to digging up and moving large quantities of hazardous waste, and is particularly suitable for treating large volumes of dilute waste.
Chemical Stabilization
46
The combined effects of population explosion and changing modern living standards have had a cumulative effect in the generation of a large amount of various types of wastes.
Solid Waste Management
47
An increase in an individual's risk of developing cancer.
Carcinogenic Effect
48
Is generally practiced to prevent undesirable reactions at disposal sites and may lead to economics of scale in the design of detoxification or resource recovery facilities.
Waste Segregation
49
The ecological balance must be considered as hazardous waste management facilities are located in a region.
Ecology
50
The physical pollution of air, water and soil by radioactive materials.
Nuclear Pollution
51
Processes are employed in the treatment of wastewater.
Biological Processes
52
Disposal of municipal waste in the upper layers of the earth's mantle.
Land Fill
53
Are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed.
Toxicity
54
Factors that could make or break an effort to site a hazardous waste management facility fall under this major heading.
Socioeconomic Factors
55
Permanent change in DNA (genetic material), which may be passed on to later generations.
Mutagenic Effect
56
Are unstable under normal conditions. They can cause explosions or release toxic fumes, gases, or vapors when heated, compressed, or mixed with water.
Reactivity