Chap 8

113問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Management function which involves influencing others to engage in the work behaviors necessary to reach organizational goals.

Leading

Indicates that a person or group of persons tasked with managing a group must assume the role performed by leaders.

Leading

While __ refers to the __, __ refers to the __.

Leading, Function, Leadership, Process

Are expected to maintain effective work forces.

Engineer Managers

Are said to be able to influence others because of the power they possess.

Leaders

Refers to the ability of a leader to exert force on another.

Power

Bases of Power:

Legitimate, Reward, Coercive, Referent, Expert

A person who occupies a higher position has this power over persons in lower positions within the organization.

Legitimate Power

When a person has the ability to give rewards to anybody who follows orders or requests.

Reward Power

Rewards may be classified into two forms:

Material, Psychic

Refer to money or other tangible benefits like cars, house and lot, etc.

Material Rewards

Consist of recognition, praises, etc.

Psychic Rewards

When a person compels another to comply with orders through threats or punishment.

Coercive Power

It may take the form of demotion, dismissal, witholding of promotion, etc.

Punishment

When a person can get compliance from another because the latter would want to be identified with the former.

Referent Power

They provide specialized information regarding their specific lines of expertise.

Expert Power

This influence is possessed by people with great skills in technology.

Expert Power

The expert power exercised by ... was enough to force governments throughout the world to pass legislations favorable to environmental protection.

Environmetal Scientists

The process of influencing and supporting others to work enthusiastically toward achieving objectives.

Leadership

It is expected of any manager in charge of any unit or division.

Leadership

Traits of Effective Leaders:

1. a high level of personal drive 2. the desire to lead 3. personal integrity 4. self-confidence 5. analytical ability or judgment 6. knowledge of the company, industry or technology 7. charisma 8. creativity 9. flexibility

Are those identified as willing to accept responsibility, possess vigor, initiative, persistence, and health.

Persons with Drive

Is a very important leadership trait because of the possibility of failure in every attempt to achieve certain goals.

Drive

A plant director of the Polo plant of San Miguel Corporation between 1992 and 1994.

Paul Mediarito

He was instrumental in radically changing the problem-riddled Polo plant to a world-class brewery with modern technology and a work force with a new attitude.

Paul Mediarito

There are some persons who have all the qualifications for leadership, yet they could not become leaders because they lack one special requirement.

The Desire to Lead

Leaders with ... will always have a reservoir of extra efforts which can be used whenever needed.

The Desire to Lead

A person who is well-regarded by others as one who has integrity possesses one trait of a leader.

Personal Integrity

One who does not have ... will have a hard time convincing his subordinates about the necessity of completing various tasks.

Personal Integrity

The leader will resort to exercising his authority and getting things done entirely by the use or threat of use of the coercive powers vested in him by virtue of the rank and position he occupies in the hierarchy.

Lack of Personal Integrity

It means and includes honesty, honour, incorruptibility, rectitude, righteousness, uprightness, and similar virtues.

Integrity

The activities of leaders require moves that will produce the needed outputs.

Self-Confidence

The steps of conceptualizing, organizing, and implementing will be completed if sustained efforts are made.

Self-Confidence

For the moves to be continuous and precise, ... is necessary.

Self-Confidence

They found in a study they conducted that leaders of ..., high growth companies were almost inevitably consummate salesmen who radiate enormous contagious self-confidence.

McKinsey and Company, Mid-sized

Was very precise when he declared the following as one of the traits of a good leader.

Wess Roberts

A ... cannot win if he loses his nerve. He should be self-confident and self-reliant and even if he does not win, he will know he has done his best.

Wess Roberts, Chieftain

Leaders are, oftentimes, faced with difficulties that prevent the completion of assigned tasks.

Analytical Ability

A subordinate, for instance, may have a record of continually failing to produce the needed output.

Analytical Ability

A leader with sufficient skill to determine the root cause of the problem may be able to help the subordinate to improve his production.

Analytical Ability

Is one desirable trait that a leader can use to tide him over many challenging aspects of leadership.

Ability to Analyze

A leader who is well-informed about his company, the industry where the company belongs, and the technology utilized by the industry, will be in a better position to provide directions to his unit.

Knowldege of the Company, Industry or Technology

When a person has sufficient personal magnetism that leads people to follow his directives.

Charisma

This characteristic was greatly responsible for whatever accomplishments they achieved. Great personalities in history like Napoleon Bonaparte, Julius Caesar, Adolf Hitler, George Washington, Elvis Presley and others.

Charisma

When used properly, ... will help the leader in achieving his goals. With some adjustments, subordinates may be expected to do their tasks willingly.

Charisma

The ability to combine existing data, experience, and preconditions from various sources in such a way that the results will be subjectively regarded as new, valuable, and innovative, and as a direct solution to an identified problem situation.

Creativity

As leaders are tasked to provide solutions to problems besetting their particular units or divisions, ... will be a very useful trait.

Creativity

Problems, are oftentimes, complex and challenging, and if they are, the leader will need all the ... he has.

Creative Abilities

People differ in the way they do their work.

Flexibility

One will adapt a different method from another person's method.

Flexibility

A leader who allows this situation as long as the required outputs are produced, is said to be ...

Flexible

There is wisdom in being ...

Flexible

It allows the other means of achieving goals when the prescribed manner is not appropriate.

Flexibility

Leadership Skills:

Technical Skills, Human Skills, Conceptual Skills

These are skills a leader must possess to enable him to understand and make decisions about work processes, activities, and technology.

Technical Skills

Is the specialized knowledge needed to perform a job.

Technical Skill

When a leader has the ... related to his area of responsibility, he will be more confident in performing his functions.

Technical Skill

These skills refer to the ability of a leader to deal with people, both inside and outside the organization.

Human Skills

Good leaders must know how to get along with people, motivate them, and inspire them

Human Skills

Include coaching, communicating, morale building, training and development, help and supportiveness, and delegating.

Human Skills

The ability to think in abstract terms, to see how parts fit together to form the whole.

Conceptual Skills

A very basic requirement for effective implementation is a clear and well-expressed presentation of what must be done.

Conceptual Skills

A leader without sufficient ... will fail to achieve this.

Conceptual Skills

Behavioral Approaches to Leadership Styles:

Ways Leaders Approach People, Ways Leaders Uses Power, Leaders Orientation Toward Tasks and People

Ways Leaders Approach People:

Positive Leadership, Negative Leadership

The reward in Positive Leadership may be:

Economic, Noneconomic

When the leader's approach emphasizes rewards.

Positive Leadership

The reward may be ..., like an increase in monthly salary.

Economic

The reward may be ..., like membership in an advisory committee.

Noneconomic

When punishment is emphasized by the leader.

Negative Leadership

The punishment may take the form of reprimand, suspension, or dismissal.

Negative Leadership

Ways Leaders Uses Power:

Autocratic, Participative, Free-Rein

Leaders who make decisions themselves, without consulting subordinates.

Autocratic Leaders

Motivation takes the form of threats, punishment, and intimidation of all kinds.

Autocratic Leaders

Is effective in emergencies and when absolute followership is needed.

Autocratic Style

The disadvantages is that the leader receives little, if any, information and ideas from his people as inputs into his decision-making.

Autocratic Leadership

When a leader openly invites his subordinates to participate or share in decisions, policy-making and operation methods.

Participative Leaders

The advantage is that it generates a lot of good ideas.

Participative Leadership

Another advantage is the increased support for decisions and the reduction of the chance that they will be unexpectedly undermined.

Participative Leadership

The disadvantage is that it is time-consuming and frustrating to people who prefer to see a quick decision reached.

Participative Leadership

Leaders who set objectives and allow employees or subordinates relative freedom to do whatever it takes to accomplish these objectives.

Free-Rein Leaders

Free-Rein Leaders are also referred to as ...

Laissez-Faire Leaders

This leadership style is most applicable to certain organizations manned by professionals like doctors and engineers.

Free-Rein

If this leadership fits the situation, there is full managerial delegation resulting to optimum utilization of time and resources.

Free-Rein

The weakness is that there is very little managerial control and a high degree of risk.

Free-Rein Leadership

Leaders Orientation Toward Tasks and People:

Employee Oriented, Task Oriented

A leader is said to be .. when he considers employees as human beings of intrinsic importance and with individual and personal need to satisfy.

Employee-Oriented

A leader is said to be ... if he places stress on production and the technical aspects of the job and the employees are viewed as the means of getting the work done.

Task-Oriented

An effort to determine through research which managerial practices and techniques are appropriate in specific situations.

Contingency Approach

Contingency Approaches:

Fiedler's Contingency Model, Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model, Path-Goal Model of Leadership, Vroom's Decision Making Model

Is effective when the leader's style is appropriate to the situation.

Fred Fiedler, Leadership

Suggests that the most important factor affecting the selection of a leader's style is the development (or maturity) level of subordinate.

Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership Model

Is for people who lack competence but are enthusiastic and committed.

Directing

They need direction and supervision to get them started.

Directing

Is for people who have some competence but lack commitment.

Coaching

They need direction and supervision because they're still relatively inexperienced.

Coaching

They also need support and praise to build their self-esteem, and involvement in decision-making to restore their commitment.

Coaching

Is for people who have competence but lack of confidence or motivation.

Supporting

They do not need much direction because of their skills, but is necessary to bolster their confidence and motivation.

Supporting

100

Is for people who have both competence and commitment.

Delegating

Enumeration

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 42問 · 1年前

Enumeration