Anything which satisfies a human need.

Identical to that which is "good" according to Aristotle.

Anything which enriches our experience of life such as, person/s, relationship, feelings, objects, places, events, opportunities, profession, work, travel, state of being.

Necessary to the physical survival and growth of man such as food, shelter, work, pleasure, sex, sports, career, health, and medicines.

Necessary to the psychological maturation of a person such as, companionship, friendship, marriage, family life, and social interaction.

Necessary to the mental fulfilment of a person, such as truth, science, art, religion, technology, experience.

Necessary for the development of character.

KINDS OF VALUES

Those that are shared in a community such as, ideals, laws, customs, beliefs, rituals, and ceremonies.

SIGNIFICANCE OF VALUES

THE HIERARCHY OF VALUES

FUNDAMENTAL VALUES

CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL VALUES

HOW DO WE CHOOSE VALUES

Is the sum of a person's good habits.

__ comes from the Latin word "__" which means to have or to possess.

To have or to possess.

KINDS OF HABITS

Those which predispose a person to acquire certain nature or quality, like being healthy, being beautiful, being intelligent, or being rich.

Predispose a person to act readily towards a purpose like singing, dancing, playing basketball, etc.

The operative habit of doing well is called __; while that of doing evil is __.

MORAL VIRTUES

Enables the person to know the best means to employ in attaining a purpose.

A __ person weighs the pros and cons of a situation.

Inclines a person to give to everyone what is due.

Pertains to the strength of the will.

Moderates a person's instincts and emotions.

INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES

Episteme

Techne

Nous

Phronesis

Sophia

Knowledge of what is necessary and universal.

Knowledge of how to make things or of how to develop a craft.

The process that establishes the first principles of knowledge or understanding.

The capacity to act in accordance with the good of humanity.

The combination of intuitive reason and scientific knowledge.

MEANING OF RIGHT

Anything which is owed or due.

Moral power bound to be respected by others, of doing, possessing, or requiring something.

KINDS OF RIGHT

KINDS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Those based on natural law. The right to life, education, and work.

Those based on human positive laws, either those enacted by the state or by religion.

Those promulgated by the state. Such as right to form associations, right to run for public office, and the right to due process.

Those promulgated by the church. Such as right to attend religious services, right to be instructed in the faith, right to the services and rites.

Those which could be surrendered, renounced, or removed. Such as right to travel, operate business.

Those which cannot be surrendered, renounced, removed. Such as right to life, marry, education.

Based on the law. Such as right of a worker to a wage.

Based on virtue rather than strict justice. Such as right to clothing allowance.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RIGHTS

The power inherent in rights to prevent their being violated and to exact redress for their unjust violation.

The natural limits or boundary beyond which a right may not be insisted without violating the right of another.

The conflict of two rights so related that it is not possible to exercise one without violating the other.

In the resolution of conflict, the right which should prevail is that which:

Those enjoyed by persons as private individuals in pursuit of their personal activities and in their transaction with others. Such as right to life, privacy, property, education, worship, etc.

Those enjoyed by persons as citizens in their participation in government affairs. Such as right to run for public office, right to vote, right to be informed of public issues, and the right to public services.

Pertains to the right to work, the right to a just and favorable conditions of work, the right to an adequate standard of living, including food, clothing, and housing, the right to physical and mental health, the right to social security, the right to a healthy environment, the right to education, and the right to freely form and join trade unions.

MEANING OF DUTY

Anything which we are bound to do or omit.

Moral obligation incumbent upon a person to do, omit or, avoid something.

One who has a right to something has the duty to act consistent with that right.

KINDS OF DUTIES

Those imposed by natural law. Such as the duty to take care of our health, the duty to educate ourselves.

Those imposed by a human positive law. Such as the duty to pay taxes, the duty to observe traffic rules, duty to vote.

Those that require the performance of an act. Such as duty of loving our parents.

Those which require the omission of an act. Such as duty not to kill another person.

EXEMPTION FROM DUTY

CONFLICT OF DUTIES

Religion comes from the Latin word "__" which means "__".

Is a bond or a fellowship between man and his creator.

Is a system of beliefs, rituals, moral practices and laws pertaining to the divine worship of God.

Expresses human being's yearning to discover the meaning of human existence.

He yearns to discover his origin, his nature, and his purpose in life.

Aim to teach the faithful the meaning od human life.

ACTS OF RELIGION

Human acts pertaining to the practice of religion.

The act of assenting to religious truths.

The act of obedience to God's will.

The act of communicating with God.

The act of proclaiming the glory of God.

The act binding oneself in the service of God.

ACTIONS CONTRARY TO RELIGION

The act of mocking God.

The act of believing that God, being all loving, does not punish evil.

Excessive subservience to one's faith.

The act of desecrating sacred objects.

The worship of creatures other than God.

WORSHIP OF GOD

Proclamation of the glory of God.

When it consists of the acts of the intellect, such as in praying, or in affirming one's faith.

When it involves bodily actions expressing homage to God, such as attending religious services, or rendering charitable acts.

When it is done by a person alone and by his own initiative.

When it is done by a group of believers as a communal manifestation of faith.

THE WORSHIP OF GOD CONSISTS OF:

A group of believers, subscribing to the same faith, practices, ritual, and laws, recognizing a hierarchy of officials, constitutes a sect or church and has a theological doctrine as the basis of its moral teachings.

Citizens are free to choose their religion.

The state should not require a state religion, or pass a law prohibiting the practice of religion.

RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE