Refers to out-of-pocket costs, opportunity costs, and follow-on costs.

like plant facility layout, inventory control, etc.

The heart of all the management functions.

A quantitative technique that is used to produce an optimum solution within the bounds imposed by constraints upon the decision.

A description of the relative amount of resources used in obtaining effectiveness.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ENGINEER MANAGER’S JOB

A highly sophisticated tool by means of which the decision maker develops a mathematical model of the system under consideration.

– where the engineer gets employment in a school and is assigned as a teacher of engineering courses. Some of them later become deans, vice presidents, and presidents.

Refers to a description of whether objectives are accomplished.

May be simple or multiple depending on the number of independent variables present.

Refers to actions made to ensure that activities performed match the desired activities or goals, that have been set.

A technique which enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects by employing three time estimates for each activity.

– where the engineer may find employment in the government performing any of the various tasks in regulating, monitoring, and controlling the activities of various institutions, public or private.

A process consisting of planning, organizing, directing (or leading), and controlling.

A forecasting method that examines the association between two or more variables.

Refers to the rational way to conceptualize, analyze, and solve problems in situations involving limited, or partial information about the decision environment.

Refers to carrying out the decision so that the objectives sought will be achieved.

Refers to the process which requires checking at each stage of the process to assure that the alternatives generated, the criteria used in evaluation, and the solution selected for implementation are in keeping with the goals and objectives originally specified.

A network technique using only one time factor per activity that enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects.

Selects the decision alternative having the maximum expected payoff, or the minimum expected loss if he is working with a loss table.

– where the engineer works in a unit where new products or parts are tested for work-ability.

THE ENGINEER IN VARIOUS TYPES OF ORGANIZATION

Example of internal limitations:

Those with a high degree of engineering jobs like construction firms.

Those with a moderate degree of engineering jobs like transportation companies.

Rational decision-making, according to __, is a process involving the following steps

Functions of the Engineer: tools, equipment, and projects

Those with minimal engineering jobs like retailing firms.

Used for planned shortages.

QUANTITATIVE MODELS FOR DECISION MAKING:

Refers to evaluation of alternatives using intuition and subjective judgment.

– where the engineer is engaged in the process of learning about nature and codifying this knowledge into usable theories.

Refers to organizational activities within a firm that surrounds decision-making.

May be defined as the “creative problem solving-process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling an organization’s resources to achieve its mission and objectives.”

Very useful as a decision-making tool when supply and demand limitations at plants, warehouse, or market areas are constraints upon the system.

When the decision-maker is able to assign probabilities to the various events, the use of probabilistic decision rule, called the __, becomes possible

refers to the activity combining “technical knowledge with the ability to organize and coordinate worker power, materials, machinery, and money.

AREAS OF ENGINEERING

Two or more independent variables are involved.

Exists when there is a difference between an actual situation and a desired situation.

The two most prominent network models are:

Saves time and money.

How the alternatives will be evaluated will depend on:

Components of the Environment:

One independent variable is involved.

– where the engineer is directly in charge of production personnel or assumes responsibility for the product.

like product strategy, promotion strategy, etc.

Refers to the capacity of an engineer manager to achieve organizational objectives effectively and efficiently.

Provide the biggest opportunity for an engineer to become the president or general manager.

INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT:

His main responsibility is to lead his group into producing a certain output consistent with the required specifications.

According to __:  Effectiveness refers to a description of whether objectives are accomplished.  Efficiency is a description of the relative amount of resources used in obtaining effectiveness.

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT:

Develop viable alternatives:

Makes choosing the right solution less difficult.

Examples of external limitations:

– where the engineer works as consultant of any individual or organization requiring his services.

The process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action in a manner appropriate to the demands of the situation.

Advises that particular effort should be made to identify all significant consequences of each choice.

like recruitment practices, incentive systems, etc.

Refers to benefits that can be expected.

like org, structure, policies, procedures, rules, ability of management, etc.

Used to calculate the number of items that should be ordered at one time to minimize the total yearly cost of placing orders and carrying the items in inventory.

Used to minimize the total cost when quantity discounts are offered by suppliers.

– where the engineer undertakes the activity of turning a product concept to a finished physical item.

Slim chance of becoming the general manager or president.

Refers to variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short-run control of top management.

May be assigned to head the engineering division.

APPROACHES IN SOLVING PROBLEMS:

– where the engineer is assigned to manage groups of people performing specific tasks.

Does not guarantee an optimum solution, but it can evaluate the alternatives fed into the process by the decision-maker.

– where the engineer assists the company's customers to meet their needs, especially those that require technical expertise.

An economic order quantiy technique applied to production orders.

Suggests that each alternative must be analyzed and evaluated in terms of its __.

Describes how to determine the number of service units that will minimize both customer waiting time and cost of service.

May be assigned to head a small engineering unit of the firm.

Characterized by the recognition of managerial talent through financial and nonfinancial rewards.

The collection of past and current information to make predictions about the future.

Use control and feedback mechanisms to ensure results and to provide information for future decisions.

INVENTORY MODELS:

To revise and update the initial assessments of the event probabilities generated by the alternative solutions.

Is the identification of constraints, which may be spelled out as either internal or external limitations.

The opportunity for successful management has two requirements:

Refer to the likelihood of achieving the goals of the alternatives.

He developed a psychometric instrument to measure objectively an individual’s motivation to manage.

– where the construction engineer (a civil engineer) is either directly in charge of the construction personnel or may have responsibility for the quality of the construction process.

A model constructed to represent reality, on which conclusions about real-life problems can be used.

As he scales the management ladder, he finds that the __ he goes up, the less __ he performs, and the more __ he accepts.

The __ an engineer manager may hope to occupy is the general managership or presidency of any firm, large or small.

A quantitative technique where samples of populations are statistically determined to be used for a number of processes, such as quality control and marketing research.

Refers to the process of selecting among alternatives representing potential solutions to a problem.

Refers to the evaluation of alternatives using any technique in a group classified as rational and analytical.

Are models where large complex tasks are broken into smaller segments that can be managed independently.

Is tantamount to having the problem half-solved.

like liquidity, profitability, etc.

HOW ONE MAY BECOME A SUCCESSFUL ENGINEER MANAGER

Motivation to Manage Test is anchored to the following dimensions: