Water and Mineral Resources

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 42問 · 1年前

通報

問題一覧

Is an indispensable resource.

Water

Around ...% of world surface is covered with water.

Most of the animals and plants have ...% of water in their body.

60-65

The availability of water decreases in the following order:

Tropical Rain Forest, Temperate Regions, Deserts

It is used for domestic, irrigation, industrial purposes.

Water

Out of the total available water ...% is used for agriculture, ...% for industrial usage.

75, 20

...% of fresh water is ground water and it is ...% greater than surface water.

9.86, 35-50

The layer of soil which is permeable has the ability to store water.

Aquifer

It is generally made up of gravel, sand etc.

Aquifer

It is covered by permeable layer.

Unconfined Aquifer

The recharge of this layer is by rainfall or snowmelt.

Unconfined Aquifer

Sandwiched between impermeable layers.

Confined Aquifer

The recharge is through unconfined aquifer layers.

Confined Aquifer

Leads to rapid depletion of water resources, ground subsidence, lowering of water table and water logging.

Over Utilization of Water

It is universal right.

Clean Water

It is a valuable commodity and it has to be conserved.

Water

When evaporation and transpiration rates are lower than the rainfall.

Surface Water

Over flow of water, whenever the water in flow is greater than the carrying capacity of the channels.

Flood

Unpredictable delay in climatic condition occurring due to monsoon rain failure.

Drought

In order of month or year, actual moisture supply at a given place consistently falls below critical level.

Meteorological

Deficiency in surface and subsurface water supplies.

Hydrological

Inadequate soil moisture to meet the need of a particular crop at particular time or susceptibility of crops during different stages in its development.

Agricultural

Reduction in the availability of food and social securing of people.

Socioeconomic

Due to increase in population and decrease in water resources.

Conflicts Over Water

Are built across the river in order to store water for drinking, agricultural, industrial purpose.

Dams

Now days they are mainly used for the hydropower production.

Dams

These play a key role in the development process due to their multiple uses.

River Valley Projects with Big Dams

These aim at providing employment for tribal people and raising the standard and quality of life.

River valley projects with big dams

Can help in checking floods and generate electricity and reduce water and power shortage, provide irrigation water to lower areas, provide drinking water in remote areas and promote navigation, fishery.

Dams

The impacts of big dams can be ... as well as ... levels.

Upstream, Downstream

UNIQUE FEATURES OF WATER

High Specific Heat, High Latent Heat of Vaporization, Good Solvent for Oxygen, Nutrients and Pollutants, Anomalous Expansion on Freezing, High Surface Tension

THE AVAILABILITY OF WATER DECREASES IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER

Tropical Rain Forest, Temperate Regions, Deserts

TYPES OF WATER

Ground Water, Aquifer, Unconfined Aquifer, Confined Aquifer

REASONS FOR OVER UTILIZATION OF WATER

Economic Development, Rapid Industrial Growth, Population Explosion

EFFECTS OR CONSEQUENCES OF OVER UTILIZATION OF WATER The use of ground water and surface water rates which are higher than that of recharge ultimately leads to:

Water Scarcity, Water Logging, Salination, Alkalization, Water Pollution or Contamination, Declining of Water Levels, Crops Failure

TYPES OF DROUGHT

Meteorological, Hydrological, Agricultural, Socioeconomic

CONTROL MEASURES FOR DROUGHT

Rain Water Harvesting, Watershed Management, Prevent Deforestation, Encourage Afforestation

CONFLICTS OVER THE WATER

Control of Water Resources, Military Food Resources, Political Resources, Terrorism, Military Targets, Development Disputes

IMPACTS OF BIG DAMS

Upstream Level, Downstream Level

Are naturally occurring substances with definite chemical and physical properties.

Minerals

Is an element or inorganic compound that occurs naturally.

Mineral

Weapons, settlement.

Defense Equipments

Telephone wires, cables, electronic devices.

Communication

Particularly in Ayurvedic System.

Medical System

Fertilizers, seed dressings and fungicides.

Agriculture

Gold, silver, platinum, diamond.

Jewelry

It has been generated which disrupt the surface and ground water circulation.

Great volume of debris

It also reduces the water carrying capacity of streams very close to mining area.

Great volume of debris

The stacking of over burden and building of soil banks creates problems of ...

Landslides

Mining and ore processing normally causes ... pollution.

Air, Water

It can pose a serious problem of water pollution, which adversely affects the flora and fauna.

The acid water generated in coalmines

It causes lowering of water table, which leads to drying of wells or sea water intrusion.

Deeper excavation of ground

Takes place due to removal of vegetal covers.

Deforestation

It is a hazard that is difficult to control.

Underground fire in coalmines

Blasting of rocks not only annoying the people nearby, but also cause hazard from fly rocks and dusts and damage to buildings due to vibrations.

Stone Quarries

Is done to extract minerals from deep deposits in soil.

Mining

Mining requires removal of vegetation along with underlying soil mantle and overlying rock masses.

Devegetation and defacing of lands

This results in destruction of landscape in the area.

Devegetation and defacing of lands

Results in tilting of buildings, cracks in houses, buckling of roads, bending of rail tracks and leaking of gas from cracked pipe lines leading to serious disasters.

Subsidence of Mining Areas

Mining pollutes the groundwater.

Groundwater Contamination

Usually present as an impurity in many ores is known to get converted into sulphuric acid through microbial action, thereby making the water acidic..

Groundwater Contamination, Sulphur

Miners working in different type of mines suffer from asbestosis, silicosis, black lung disease.

Occupational Health Hazards

The acid mine drainage often contaminates the nearby streams and lakes.

Surface Water Pollution

The acidic water, radioactive substances like uranium, heavy metals also contaminate the water bodies and kill aquatic animals.

Surface Water Pollution

In order to separate and purify the metal from other impurities in the ore, it is done which emits enormous quantities of air pollutants.

Air Pollution, Smelting

Oxides of sulphur, arsenic, cadmium and lead etc. shoot up in the atmosphere near the smelters and the public suffers from several health problems.

Air Pollution

Utilization of low grade ores by using microbial.

Leaching Technique

In this method, the ores are inoculated with the desired strains of bacteria like Thiobacillus ferroxidans, which remove the impurities and leave the pure mineral.

Leaching Technique

IMPACTS OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES caused by mining activities are as follows:

Devegetation and Defacing of Lands, Subsidence of Land, Groundwater Contamination, Occupational Health Hazards, Surface Water Pollution, Air Pollution

TYPES OF MINING OPERATIONS

Open Cast Mining, Underground Mining

USES OF MINERALS

Development of Industrial Plants and Machinery, Generation of Energy, Construction, Defense Equipments, Transportation, Communication, Medical System, Formation of Alloys, Agriculture, Jewelry

Enumeration

Enumeration

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Identification

Identification

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Chapter 1

Chapter 1

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C1 part 2

C1 part 2

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Chap 1&2

Chap 1&2

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HUM

HUM

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Chap 3&4

Chap 3&4

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Lesson 2,3,4,5,6,7

Lesson 2,3,4,5,6,7

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Chap 1,2

Chap 1,2

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Lesson 1

Lesson 1

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Chap 3,4

Chap 3,4

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Chapter 2

Chapter 2

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Lesson 1&2

Lesson 1&2

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Lesson 3&4

Lesson 3&4

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Chapter 3

Chapter 3

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Lesson 5,6&7

Lesson 5,6&7

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Chapter 4

Chapter 4

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Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 56問 · 1年前

(2)

(2)

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Chapter 5

Chapter 5

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CE215

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MTE4

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HUM

HUM

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DRAW

DRAW

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ECON

ECON

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Chap1

Chap1

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MECH

MECH

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chap2

chap2

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draw

draw

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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ttr

ttr

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g ycu

g ycu

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ENUMERATION

ENUMERATION

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 348問 · 1年前

5-8

5-8

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Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 71問 · 1年前

Chap 6

Chap 6

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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Enu2

Enu2

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Chap 7

Chap 7

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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Chap 8

Chap 8

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chap9

chap9

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Natural and Forest Resources

Natural and Forest Resources

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ECON

ECON

31問 • 1年前

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 9問 · 1年前

MTE4 PREFI

MTE4 PREFI

9問 • 1年前

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 56問 · 1年前

Food, Energy, Land Resources

Food, Energy, Land Resources

56問 • 1年前

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 19問 · 1年前

CE215 PREFI

CE215 PREFI

19問 • 1年前

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HUM PREFI

HUM PREFI

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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8,9

8,9

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10,11

10,11

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L10

L10

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L11

L11

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Identification

Identification

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Ident

Ident

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enu

enu

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officials

officials

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events

events

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Enumeration

Enumeration

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Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 146問 · 1年前

1-5

1-5

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2,3,4

2,3,4

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enu 2

enu 2

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ENU

ENU

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midterm

midterm

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2.1

2.1

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Mech E3

Mech E3

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Techno

Techno

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enu L1

enu L1

27問 • 1年前

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Mech E2

Mech E2

14問 • 1年前

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1-5

1-5

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52問 • 1年前

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Book

Book

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28問 • 1年前

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80問 • 1年前

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Hum 3

Hum 3

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Obtaining Data

Obtaining Data

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