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問題一覧
1
BASES OF POWER
Legitimate Power, Reward Power, Coercive Power, Referent Power, Expert Power
2
TYPES OF CONTROL
Feedforward Control, Concurrent Control, Feedback Control
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HERZBERG’S TWO-FACTOR
Satisfiers or Motivation Factors, Dissatisfiers or Hygiene Factors
4
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, Expectancy Theory, Goal Setting Theory
5
TECHNIQUES USED IN DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
Letters, Meetings, Telephones, Manuals, Handbooks, Newsletters
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TECHNIQUES FOR HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
Memos, Meetings, Telephones, Picnics, Dinners, Other Social Affairs
7
TECHNIQUES OF MOTIVATION
Motivation through Job Design, Motivation through Rewards, Motivation through Employee Participation, Other Motivation for Diverse Work Force
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GOAL SETTING COMPONENTS
Goal Content, Goal Commitment, Work Behavior, Feedback Aspects
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TECHNIQUES FOR COMMUNICATING IN ORGANIZATIONS
Downward Communication, Upward Communication, Horizontal Communication
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TWO FORMS OF REWARDS
Material, Psychic
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WORK BEHAVIOR
Direction, Effort, Persistence, Planning
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FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication, Nonverbal Communication
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TYPES OF FINANCIAL RATIOS
Liquidity, Efficiency, Financial Leverage, Profitability
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TECHNIQUES USED IN UPWARD COMMUNICATION
Formal Grievance Procedures, Employee Attitude and Opinion Surveys, Suggestion Systems, Open-Door Policy, Informal Gripe Sessions, Task Forces, Exit Interviews
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TWO CATEGORIES OF REWARDS
Extrinsic Rewards, Intrinsic Rewards
16
PROFITABILITY RATIOS Among the more notable profitability ratios are as follows:
Profit Margin Ratio, Return on Assets Ratio, Return on Equity Ratio
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STATISTICAL REPORT Among the information which may be found in a statistical report pertains to the following:
Labor Efficiency Rates, Quality Control Rejects, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Sales Reports, Accident Reports, Power Consumption Report
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LEADERSHIP SKILLS
Technical Skills, Human Skills, Conceptual Skills
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MOTIVATION THROUGH EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION The specific activities identified where employees may participate are as follows:
Setting Goals, Making Decisions, Solving Problems, Designing and Implementing Organizational Changes
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FINANCIAL LEVERAGE RATIOS Some of the more important leverage ratios are as follows:
Debt to Total Assets Ratio, Times Interest Earned Ratio
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THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Develop an Idea, Encode, Transmit, Receive, Decode, Accept, Use, Provide Feedback
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WAYS LEADERS APPROACH PEOPLE
Positive Leadership, Negative Leadership
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BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
Personal Barriers, Physical Barriers, Semantic Barriers
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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MOTIVATION
Willingness to do a job, Self-confidence in carrying out a task, Needs satisfaction
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TYPES OF TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
Manufacturing Processes, Service Processes
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LEADERSHIP STYLES The leadership styles which may be used by path-goal proponents are as follows:
Directive Leadership, Supportive Leadership, Participative Leadership, Achievement-Oriented Leadership
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Marketing, Personnel, Research and Development, Engineering, Finance, Manufacturing
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MATURITY LEVEL OF SUBORDINATES Blanchard and others elaborated on the leadership styles appropriate for the various maturity level of subordinates.
Directing, Coaching, Supporting, Delegating
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SITUATIONAL CONSTRAINTS
Tools, Materials, Equipment
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COMPONENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
Strategic Plan, Long-Range Financial Plan, Operating Budget, Performance Appraisals, Statistical Reports, Policies and Procedures
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PRODUCTION PROCESS
Inputs - Land - Labor - Capital - Entrepreneurship, Transformation Process - Equipment - Procedures - Technology, Outputs - Products - Services
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STRATEGIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
Financial Analysis, Financial Ratio Analysis
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TWO CLASSES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Written Communication, Oral Communication
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IMPORTANT PARTS OF PRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Product Design, Production Planning and Scheduling, Purchasing and Materials Management, Inventory Control, Work Flow Layout, Quality Control
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WAYS LEADERS USES POWER
Autocratic Leaders, Participative Leaders, Free-Rein Leaders
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GOAL CONTENT
Challenging, Attainable, Specific and Measurable, Time Limited, Relevant
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BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP STYLES
Ways Leaders Approach People, Ways Leaders Uses Power, Leaders Orientation Toward Tasks and People
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EFFICIENCY RATIOS Among the more common efficiency ratios are:
Inventory Turnover Ratio, Fixed Asset Turnover
39
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Physiological Needs, Security Needs, Social Needs, Esteem Needs, Self-Actualization Needs
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SERVICE PROCESSES
Service Factory, Service Shop, Mass Service, Professional Service
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MOTIVATION THROUGH EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION The more popular approaches to participation includes the following:
Quality Control Circles, Self-Managed Teams
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MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Job Shop, Batch Flow, Worker-Paced Line Flow, Machine-Paced Line Flow, Batch or Continuous Flow Hybrid, Continuous Flow
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CONTINGENCY APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP STYLE
Fiedler's Contingency Model, Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model, Path-Goal Model of Leadership, Vroom's Decision Making Model
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MOTIVATION THROUGH JOB DESIGN
Fitting People to Jobs - Realistic Job Previews - Job Rotation - Limited Exposure, Fitting Jobs to People - Job Enlargement - Job Enrichment
45
LIQUIDITY RATIOS The following ratios are important indicators of liquidity:
Current Ratio, Acid-Test Ratio
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DECISION-MAKING STYLE
Autocratic Leader, Consultative Leader, Group Directed
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TWO COMPONENTS OF MATURITY
Job Skills and Knowledge, Psychological Maturity
48
TRAITS OF EFFECTIVE LEADERS
High Level of Personal Drive, Desire to Lead, Personal Integrity, Self-Confidence, Analytical Ability or Judgment, Knowledge of the Company, Industry or Technology, Charisma, Creativity, Flexibility
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IDENTIFYING CONTROL PROBLEMS Kreitner mentions three approaches:
Executive Reality Check, Comprehensive Internal Audit, General Checklist of Symptoms of Inadequate Control
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OTHER MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES
Flexible Work Schedules, Family Support Services, Sabbaticals
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Leaders Orientation Toward Tasks and People
Employee Oriented, Task Oriented
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ESTABLISHING PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND STANDARDS In controlling, what has to be achieved must first be determined. Examples of such objectives and standards are as follows:
Sales Targets, Production Targets, Worker Attendance, Safety Record, Supplies Used
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FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
Information Function, Motivation Function, Control Function, Emotive Function