CLINICAL CHEMISTRY/

100問 • 2年前

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Stages of Acute Alcoholic Influence/Intoxication Blood alcohol concentration (g/100mL) ? Stage of Alcohol Influence "Excitement "

0.09-0.25

Stages of Acute Alcoholic Influence/Intoxication Blood alcohol concentration (g/100mL) ? Stage of Alcohol Influence "Confusion "

0.18-0.30

Stages of Acute Alcoholic Influence/Intoxication Blood alcohol concentration (g/100mL) ? Stage of Alcohol Influence "Stupor "

0.25-0.40

Stages of Acute Alcoholic Influence/Intoxication Blood alcohol concentration (g/100mL) ? Stage of Alcohol Influence "Coma "

0.35-0.50

Stages of Acute Alcoholic Influence/Intoxication Blood alcohol concentration (g/100mL) ? Stage of Alcohol Influence "Death "

0.45+

it is first converted to formaldehyde, then finally to formic acid in the liver

Methanol

Methanol it is first converted to ?, then finally to ?in the liver

formaldehyde; formic acid

causes BLINDNESS

Methanol

Ethanol-like symptoms but LONGER DURATION

Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)

-sweet taste

Ethylene Glycol

-Increase CaOx

Ethylene Glycol

The sample of choice for measuring blood osmolality

Serum

is useful for estimating the amount of ethanol present in the serum

osmolal gap

No alcohol content

ROOT BEER

-Silent killer (tasteless, colorless, odorless)

Carbon monoxide

Cherry red face and blood

Carbon monoxide

higher affinity for Hb (200 to 225x greater than O2)

Carbon monoxide

ODOR OF BITTER ALMOND

Cyanide

Binds to iron -> ATP depletion

Cyanide

Classified as SUPERTOXIC substance

Cyanide

inhibits sulfhydryl enzymes

Arsenic

Distinct white lines in the fingernails “Mees’ Lines”

Arsenic

odor of garlic” & “metallic taste

Arsenic

What ELEMENT? Environmental pollutant

Cadmium

destruction of type 1 epithelial cells in the lung

Cadmium

disease is characterized by severe osteomalacia and osteoporosis from the longterm consumption of cadmium contaminated rice

Itai itai

acquired through the following: Inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact

Lead/plumbism

Animal bite is not included

Lead/plumbism

Wrist drop or foot drop” manifestation

Lead/plumbism

— reagent required to obtain the needed sensitivity and precision

Triton X-100

Triton X-100 — reagent required to obtain the needed sensitivity and precision

Lead/plumbism

Normal color urine but red fluorescence under wood’s lamp

Lead/plumbism

has the ability to “amalgamate”

Mercury

Mercury has the ability to “?”

amalgamate

Rotten egg breath odor

Sulfur

Garlic breath/petroleum odor

Organophosphate poison

intentionally uses drugs that are unhealthy and illegal

Drug of Abuse

the patient uses medicine that is not intended for him/her

Misuse of drugs

cocaine, amphetamine, and morphine

Alkaline drugs

cocaine, amphetamine, and morphine

referred to as “ecstasy”

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) referred to as “?”

ecstasy

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most potent component and most abundant

Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids , Is the most potent component and most abundant

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Metabolite: Benzoylecgonine

Cocaine

Cocaine Metabolite:

Benzoylecgonine

reagents used in Thin layer chromatography to extract cocaine metabolites from urine

Alkali and organic solvent

Alkali and organic solvent used in ? to extract cocaine metabolites from urine

Thin layer chromatography

Constriction of pupil — “pin-point pupils”

Opiates

Angel dust/angel hair

Phencyclidine

Panic reaction/bad trip

LSD

- Certifies laboratories to conduct forensic drug testing for federal agencies

SAMHSA Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

5 Panel drug test:

MAP CO Marijuana Amphetamines PCP Cocaine Opiates

Acceptable range in QC

95%

Chief plasma cation whose Chief plasma cation whose osmotic pressure a) Chloride b) Calcium c) Sodium d) Potassium

c) Sodium

Rule that would be violated 1 out of 20 by chance

12s

CICr is used to estimate the: a) Tubular secretion of creatinine b) Glomerular secretion of creatinine c) Renal glomerular and tubular mass d) Glomerular filtration rate

d) Glomerular filtration rate

Six Sigma Process of Improvement

DMAIC Define Measure Analyze Improve Control

Where is the thyroid gland located? a) lower anterior neck b) lower posterior neck c) upper anterior neck d) upper posterior neck

a) lower anterior neck

Best for detecting all types of error

Levy- jennings

the earliest indication of a shift or trend?

CUSUM

best for comparison of precision and accuracy among laboratories

Tonks-Youden

used to compare the means of two methods

T-test

most useful in order to detect sample misidentification?

Delta limit

Sample of choice for electrolyte testing: a) Whole blood b) Urine c) Plasma d) Serum

c) Plasma

Which of the following total quality management tools can be used to calculate the analytical error rate for an analyte in the clinical laboratory? a. lean b. six sigma

b. six sigma

Liver function tests are usually based on which principle? a) photometry b) turbidimetry c) nephelometry d) ISE

a) photometry

considered a lipid? A. HDL B. LDL C. Chylomicron D. Cholesterol

D. Cholesterol

Lead toxicity is acquired through the following EXCEPT: a) skin contact b) animal bite c) inhalation d) ingestion

b) animal bite

Most important tool for assessing cardiac risk and important for therapeutic decision making A. HDL B. LDL

B. LDL

First step in preanalytical phase? a) Test order b) Patient preparation c) Patient identification d) Patient collection

a) Test order

1036 mg/dL TAG A. Pancreatitis B. Conary heart disease

A. Pancreatitis

Not a physical hazard: a) Ergonomic b) Noise c) Non-ionizing radiation d) Aerosol

d) Aerosol

Surrogate marker for HDL? A. Apo B100 B. Apo A1

B. Apo A1

Amount of substance: a) Kg b)L c) Candela d) Mole

d) Mole

12 hrs lipid panel A. Water is not allowed B. Water is allowed

B. Water is allowed

3 uL is equivalent to _: a) 3E-6L b) 3E-9L c) 3E-12 L d) 0.003 L

a) 3E-6L

What is the major excretory product of protein metabolism? a) Urea b) Ammonia c) Uric acid d) Creatinine

a) Urea

A in PASS is: a) Alert b) Alarm c) Aim d) Activate

c) Aim

The CLSI allows less vigorous studies to verify a reference interval with as few as__ subject specimens. a) 15 b) 20 c)25 d) 30

b) 20

A new reference interval is established when there is no existing analyte or methodology in the reference laboratory with which to conduct comparative studies. It is costly and labor-intensive study that will involve laboratory resources at all levels and may require __ individuals a) 100 b) 110 c) 120 d) 130

c) 120

A Gaussian distribution is usually a) Bell- shaped b) Rectangular c) Uniform d) Skewed

a) Bell- shaped

At what serum concentration would glucose begin to appear in the urine? a) 50 mg/dL b) 75 mg/dL c) 100 mg/ dL d) 170 mg/dL

d) 170 mg/dL

Which of the following would be most adversely affected by a nonfasting sample? a) HDL b) LDL c) Cholesterol d) Triglycerides

d) Triglycerides

Which of the following apoproteins is inversely related to risk for coronary heart disease and is a surrogate marker for HDL? a) Apo A-l b) Apo B c) Apo B100 d) APOE

a) Apo A-l

Where do steroids derived from? a) Glyceride b) Non glyceride c) Fatty acid d) Complex

b) Non glyceride c) Fatty acid

Which of the following sets of values for repeat analyses of a QC sample (target value of 50) reflects the best precision? a) 50, 51, 52, b) 50, 52, 56 c) 48, 50, 52 d) 44, 50,53

a) 50, 51, 52,

Which of the following would NOT be a typical methodology for a clinical chemistry test? a) Immunoturbidimetry b) Microscopy c) EMIT® d) ISE

b) Microscopy

How should a laboratory verify the reference range it uses for a particular test? a) Call another laboratory b) Use the numbers from a textbook c) Test samples from healthy people d) Look ona medical internet site.

c) Test samples from healthy people

Which test is the most specific for myocardial infarction? a) LDH is b) CK c) Troponin d) Myoglobin

c) Troponin

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the conversion of starch to glucose and maltose? a) Lipase b) Amylase c) ALT d) GGT

b) Amylase

If a screening TSH is high, which test is likely to be ordered next? a) Cholesterol b) Free T4 c) Ferritin d) Glucose

b) Free T4

The sample of choice for measuring blood osmolality: a) Serum b) Plasma c) Whole blood d) Urine

a) Serum

A hormone that is also an enzyme a) Renin b) Vasopressin c) TSH d) Cortisol

a) Renin

Buffer used in ALP analysis: a) Tris b) Acetic acid c) Hydrochloric acid d) Bicarbonate

a) Tris

Used to calibrate pH meter: a) Distilled water b) Tap water c) Buffers d) Saline

c) Buffers

NOT true of CRP a) Chronic Inflammation marker b) APR c) Plasma protein d) acute inflammatory marker

a) Chronic Inflammation marker

What is 1440 in the Creatinine Clearance equation? a) Constant b) GFR c) Correction for body mass d) Average body surface

a) Constant

Unit for urine creatinine: a) mL/min b) mg/dL ) g/dL d) g/L

b) mg/dL

100

ADH secreted by the? a) Hypothalamus b) Anterior pituitary gland c) Posterior pituitary gland d) Adenohypophysis

c) Posterior pituitary gland

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Yves Laure Pimentel · 64問 · 2年前

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