Structural Conceptualization Part 3

100問 • 1年前

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the critical point at which a column carrying its critical buckling load, either buckle or remain undeflected. the column is therefore in a state of neutral equilibrium

bifurcation

the critical buckling load for a column divided by the area of its cross section

critical buckling stress

the ratio of the effective length of a column to its acceleration of gyration. the higher the slenderness ratio,the lower is the critical stress that will cause buckling. a primary objective in the design of a column is to reduce a slenderness ratio by minimizing its effective length or minimizing its effective the radius of gyration of its cross section

slenderness ratio ratio

the ratio of distance from any axis to a point at which the mass of a body could be concentrated without altering the moment of inertia of the body about that axis. for the structural section, it is equal to the square roots of the quotient of the moment of inertia and the area. the higher the radius of structural section the more resistant the section to buckling. in determining the cross sectional shape of a column, the object is to provide the necessary in different axes. for an asymmetrical cross section, buckling will tend to occur about the weaker axis or in the direction of least dimension

radius of gyration

the amount by which an axis the deviates from another parallel axis

eccentricity

an additional moment developed in a structural member as its longitudinal axis deviates from the line of the action of a compressive force equal to the product of the load and the member deflection at any point

P-delta effect

the proposition that a compressive load should be located within the middle third of a horizontal section of a column or wall to prevent tensile stress from developing in the section

middle third rule

the distance between reflection points in a column subject to buckling load. when is portion of a column buckles the entire column falls

effective length

a set of tensile and compressive stress resulting from the superposition of axial and bending stresses at a cross section of a structural member acting in a same direction and equal at any point of the algebraic exam

combined stress

the central area of any horizontal section of a column or wall within which the resultant of all compressive flows must pass if only comprehensive stresses are to be applied beyond this area will cause tensile stresses to develop in the section

kern

a point on either side of the centrodial axis horizontal column or wall section defining the limits of the kern area

kern point

the bracing of a column or other compression member to reduce its effective length. it is the most effective when bracing patterns occur in more than one plane

lateral bracing

the distance between the points at which instructional member is braised against buckling in the direction normal to its length

unbraced length

the coefficient of modifying the actual length of a column according to its ends condition in order to determine the effective length.fixing both end of a long color reduces its effective link by half an increases its load carrying capacity by a factor of 4

effective lenght factor

a method of determining member forces in a truss by considering the equilibrium of any portion of the truss assembly

method of sections

a method of determining member forces in a truss considering the equilibrium of the various joints idealizing as points in free body diagrams

method of joints

a soil pressure acting on any structure that will tend to push the structure wherein the structure of a wall tends to move away from the soil

active earth pressure

is an instrument which measures the velocity and acceleration of an earthquake in the ground

accelerograph

a round steel bolt embedded in concrete or masonry used to hold down machinery,still columns are beam casting shock beam plates and engine head

anchor bolts

is one which both the concrete and that still are so proportion as to work to their full working stresses when the member carries its full allowable load

balance design

are piles and an incarnation to resist forces that are not critical this is also known as brace pile or sur pile

batter piles

a structural system without a complete vertical load carrying space frame

bearing wall system

a concrete pile which concrete d either will take a casting or without a plastic at its permanent location this is a cast in place pile

bored pile

a water tight cylindrical or rectangular chamber used to in underwater construction to protect workers from water pressure and soil collapse

caisson

scan ejector operated by compress air to force gunite into cavities or cracks and rocks are cement works

cement gun

is an open top through which book materials are conveyed by the gravity

shoo

it's an open top through which book materials are conveyed by the gravity

chute

the vertical or horizontal phase in the concrete structure where concreting has been stopped and continued later on

construction joint

the tendency of most material to move or the form overtime under a constant load the amount of movement varies enormously depending upon the materials. the area that is highly stressed will move the most.the woman causes stresses to be redistributed

creep

a cantilever wall that is reinforced with a masonry structure exceeding upward from the foundation or from the inner face of the retaining wall to provide additional resistance to trust and our place at regular intervals (buttresses if outer) & (inner in retaining wall)

counter

a temporary watertight enclosure around an area of water or water bearing soil, in which construction is to take place, bearing on a stable statum at or alone the foundation of new construction. the water is pumped from within to permit free access to the area

coffer dam

a horizontal or leading horizontal system including horizontal bracing system,that act to transmit lateral force to the vertical resisting elements

diaphragm

a structural member of a horizontal bracing system that takes axial tension or compression. It is parallel to the applied load that collects and transfers shear to the vertical resisting elements a distributive loads within the horizontal bracing system

diaphragm strut

a water tight bell shaped steel chamber which can be lower the area from a fresh or seawater bed crane. it is opened at the bottom and filled with compressed air so that men can prepare foundation and undertake similar construction work underwater.

diving bell

a short steel bar extending from the one concrete element to another as for instance a concrete foundation to a concrete.it may or may not transfer direct stress

dowel

is a long pain of steel or wood made with or without the head, driven through the timber and into an adjacent timber to hold them together and to transmit stresses

drift bolt

a joint designed to take expansion and contraction

expansion or contraction

the design break in a structure to allow for the drying and temperature shrinkage of concrete,prequel of similar material, thereby preventing the formation of harmful cracks

expansion or construction

is a phenomenon of failure under repeat stresses. a fact based experience and experiments, is well known that the stresses which are applied to a body if you type you don't go to the apparent structure injury, may if applied repeatedly or causing a great number of times, causes failure

fatigue

is a rich cement mortar which is applied by spraying under high air pressure

gunite

a concrete beam plays directly or the ground to provide condition for the superstructure

grade beam

a surface layer or granolithic concrete which may be laid on a base of either fresh or hardened concrete

granouthic finish

is a footing which consist of steel beams arrange to distribute a concentrated load to the supporting masonry or soil

grillage

is a fabricated metal beam composed of flanges with a material of a specified minimum yield strike different from that of the web plate

hybrid steel grider

the measure of the damage level of an earthquake(subjected to visual assessment)

intensity

a point of the moment diagram where it changes from positive to negative moment of vice versa and the value of the moment at this point is

inflection point

a method of driving files or wellpoints into the sand in the situation where a file hammer might not be suitable owning to the wrist of damaged by vibration to the piles of adjacent buildings

jetting

a beam especially provided over an opening for a door, window, to carry the wall over the opening

lintel beam

the measure of the energy released by an earthquake (measured by instrument)

magnitude

is the constant which, within the proportional limit,express a treasure between the unit stress to the unit strain. it is the measure of the relativity abilities to the different materials of construction to resist deformation under stress within proportionality

modulus of elasticity

is a measure of the capacity of the material to absorb energy without danger of being permanently deformed

modulus of resilience

is the internal system moment of a beam. it is opposite to the sense to the bending moment but the same magnitude

moment of resistance

is a mixture, composed of one part of portman cement and one part cleansant used as filter

mortar

a vertical member between two portion of window sash usually designed to resist wind load and not vertical load it is different from muntin,which smaller member which separate the panels plus within the whole sash

mullion

is a wall that carries no load other than its own weight

non-bearing wall

the effect on the structure due to extreme lateral (earthquake) motions acting in directions other than parallel to the direction of resistance under consideration

orthogonal effect

is a values or adapt for joint service between two buildings

party wall

a mixture of parton cement with water and sun applied to surfaces such as walls, ceilings any plastic state, later it sets to form a hard surface

plaster cement finish

in masonry, the final treatment of joints by the troweling of mortar or putty like filler into joints

pointing

method of analyzing indeterminate modular building frames by assuming hingesat the center of beam spans and column heights or the interior column carries twice as much sheer as the exterior column

portal method

is the product obtained by finely pulverizing clinker produced by calcining to incipient fission and intimate and properly portion mixture of argillaceous and calcareous materials with no addition subsequent to calcinations except water and calcined or uncalcained gypsum

portland cement

is the highest unit stress for which the deformation of a body is proportional to the stress.beyond this point,permanent deformation occurs

proportional limit

is any framed structure or truss,is one which may be omitted in the structure without affect in the possibility of analyzing the frame or truss by ordinary static method of computations such as the counter diagonal truss

redundant member

consist of rough stones various place compactly or irregularly to prevent scour by water and protect material which maybe washed out by the water

rip-rap

structural member in the steel truss framing that counterreacts forces in the compression because of high probability of the parents to deflect and bend down during purlin installation

sagrod

it is provided to help in the compaction of natural soil which provide channels through which water can escape much more rapidly than through the clay itself. the wait from the train itself helps in compaction

sand drain

all design to resist lateral forces parallel to the plane of a wall

shear wall

is the concave surface of an arch

soffit

is a theme from column to column carrying the exterior wall in the skeletal building

spandrel beam

in moment distribution method (as used in analysis that indetermine structure) history of moment of inertia of the cross section of its length

stiffness ratio (k)

is the cohesive force in body,which resists the tendency of an external force to change the shape of the body

stress

is the change in the shape of cry material when subjected to the action force

strain or deformation

a deformed bar, embedded in a concrete construction at a joint and designed to hold a butting edges together,not designed for direct low transfer

tie bar

is equality which measure the resistance of the mass of being revolved about a line

torsion or moment of inertia

is one in which the flexural steel is conceived to be replaced by a large area of imaginary concrete which can take tension. this gives a homogeneous section of concrete to which ordinary beam analysis may be applied

transformed section

a motor tight 300 mm to 600 mm in diameter with a flared top used in depositing concrete under water

tremie

is an act of placing new foundation under old foundation

underpinning

is an oscillating power operated machine used to agitate fresh concrete so as to eliminate cross voice including entrap air and to produce intimate contact with form surfaces and embedded materials

vibrator

historyable of air + water to the volume cement

void cement ratio

a continuous type of spreads footing the supports vertical load the weight of the wallet self and the weight of the footing

wall footing

the ration of the amount of water,to the amount of cement in the concrete or mortar mixture

water cement ratio

local failure of a thin web plate of a steel theme or grinder in the intermediate vicinity of a concentrated load

web crippling

what is ASD

allowable stress design

what is LRFD

load resistance factor design

will cause torsion twisting

artificial rigidity

is the level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be important to the structure

base

is the total signs lateral force were share at the base of the structure

base shear

a shear type is a structural system without a complete vertical load carrying space frame

bearing wall system

is an element at edges of opening or at the perimeters of shear wall or diagram

boundary element

is an essentially practical trust system of the concentric or eccentric type which is approved to resist lateral forces

braced frame

is an essentially completes space frame which provides supports for gravity loads

building frame system

is a braced frame in which the members are subjected primarily to axial forces

concentric braced frame

is a member or an element provided to transfer literal force from a portion of a structure to the vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system

collector

is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system (including horizontal bracing system) acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements

diaphragm

also known as a tie or collector, is the element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load which collects and transfer diaphragm shear to the vertical resisting elements or distributed within the diaphragm. such member may also take axial tension or compression

diaphragm strut

is the boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial stresses analogous to the flanges of the beam

diaphragm chord

is a combination of a special or intermediate moment resisting space frame and share walls or brace frame

dual system

are those structures which are necessary for emergency post-earthquakes operation

essential facilities

an element or system is one whose deformation under lateral load significantly larger than adjoining parts of the system

flexible element

100

the coincidence of the natural period of a structural with the dominant frequency in the ground

harmonic tension

Building laws Part 1

Mari Alberca · 100問 · 1年前

Building laws Part 1