Building Materials - Glass & Glazing

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A hard, brittle, usually transparent or translucent substance, produced by fusing silica together with a flux and a stabilizer into a mass that cools to a rigid condition without crystallization.

Glass

An old form of window glass formed by blowing and whirling a hollow sphere of glass into a flat, circular disk with a center lump left by the worker’s rod. Glass made without lead or iron, originally in a circular sheet. Formerly used in windows, it is now used as optical glass of low refractive index.

Crown Glass

A flat, soda-lime-silica glass fabricated by drawing the molten glass from a furnace (drawn glass) or by forming a cylinder, dividing it lengthwise, and flattening it (cylinder glass). The fire-polished surfaces are not perfectly parallel, resulting in some distortion of vision. Single-strength Glass: Sheet glass having a thickness of 3/32 in. (2.4mm). Double-strength Glass**: Sheet glass having a thickness of 1/8 in. (3.2mm).

Sheet Glass

A flat, soda-lime-silica glass formed by rolling molten glass into a plate (rolled glass) that is subsequently ground and polished after cooling. There are two kinds of plate glass, one with thickness up to 8 millimeters (5/16”) and the heavy plate glass from 16 millimeters (5/16”) to 32 millimeters (1-1/4”).

Plate Glass

A flat, soda-lime-silica glass that is extremely smooth and nearly distortion-free, manufactured by pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and allowing it to cool slowly. Float glass is the successor to plate glass and accounts for the majority of flat-glass production.

Float Glass

Glass that is cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses.

Annealed Glass

Annealed glass that is partially tempered by the process of reheating and sudden cooling. This has about twice the strength of annealed glass with the same thickness.

Heat Strengthened Glass

Has one or both sides acid-etched or sandblasted to obscure vision. Both processes, however, weaken the glass and make it difficult to clean.

Obscure Glass

Glass having an irregular pattern formed in the rolling process to obscure vision or to diffuse light. Semi-transparent glass with distinctive geometric or linear designs that was formed during the rolling process that diffuses light and obscures vision. Also called figured glass.

Patterned Glass

Flat glass or patterned glass having a square or diamond wire mesh embedded within it to prevent shattering in the event of breakage or excessive heat. Wired glass is considered a safety glazing material.

Wired Glass

Annealed glass that is reheated to just below the softening point and then rapidly cooled to induce compressive stresses in the surfaces and edges of the glass and tensile stresses in the interior.

Tempered Glass

has 3 to 5 times the resistance of annealed glass to impact and thermal stresses but cannot be altered after fabrication. When fractured, it breaks into relatively harmless particles.

Tempered glass

A specially ground and polished, opaque-colored glass obtained by the addition of metallic oxides. It is used for facing material for vertical and horizontal surfaces of walls, partitions, and narrow flat surfaces.

Structural Glass

Two or more piles of flat glass bonded under heat and pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin that retains the fragments if the glass is broken. Also called safety glass.

Laminated Glass

Laminated or insulating glass used for sound control.

Acoustical Glass

Laminated glass having exceptional tensile and impact strength, consisting of multiple piles of glass bonded under heat and pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin.

Security Glass

Opaque finish used for concealing the structural elements in a curtain wall construction. It is produced by fusing a ceramic frit to the interior surface of tempered or heat-strengthened glass

Spandrel Glass

Glass having a chemical admixture to absorb the radiant heat and visible light that strike it; also called heat-absorbing glass and glare-reducing glass.

Tinted Glass

Iron oxide gives the glass a pale blue-green tint. Cobalt oxide and nickel impart a grayish tint. Selenium infuses a bronze tint.

Transparent Glass

Usually of white color, which gives wide light diffusion and reduces glare

Translucent Glass

Glass having a thin, translucent metallic coating bonded to the exterior or interior surface to reflect a portion of the light and radiant heat that strike it.

Reflective Glass

Also called double glass, made up of two or more sheets of glass separated by a hermetically sealed air space in between to provide thermal insulation and restrict condensation.

Insulating Glass

Glass that transmits visible light while selectively reflecting the longer wavelengths of radiant heat. Produced by depositing a low-emissivity coating either on the glass itself or over a transparent plastic film suspended in the sealed air space of insulating glass.

Low-Emissivity Glass (Low-E Glass)

A translucent, hollow block of glass with clear, textured, or patterned faces, made by fusing two halves together with a partial vacuum inside and used for glazing openings.

Glass Block

A solid, impact-resistant glass block unit, sometimes having an insert or coating to reduce solar heat transmission.

Glass Brick

The panes or sheets of glass or other transparent material made to be set in frames, as in windows, doors, or mirrors.

Glazing

Is the term used for the installation of glass. The materials used for making a weathertight joint between the glass and the frame into which the glass sets are called glazing materials. It is kept away from the frame with various types of shims.

Glazing in architectural specifications

Cement composed of fine powdered chalk (whiting) or lead oxide (white lead) mixed with boiled or raw linseed oil. Also used to fill up holes and cracks in woodwork. Putty should never be painted unless it is thoroughly dry.

Wood Sash Putty

Made of materials that adhere to non-porous surfaces. Made in two types: Exterior glazing &Interior glazing

Metal Sash Putty

Made from selected processed oils and color pigments compounded so that it will remain plastic and resilient over a long period of time. Generally used where vibration and twisting occur.

Elastic Glazing Compound

A non-drying mastic made in extruded ribbon shapes of various widths and thicknesses.

Polybutene Tape

A compound composed of two-part synthetic rubber. The activator and the base compound are generally mixed at the job site and applied with a caulking gun or spatula.

Polysulfide Elastomer Sealing Compound

Extruded or molded shapes made of rubber, neoprene, vinyl, or other plastics. In order to achieve a weathertight joint, the shape must be compressed not less than 15%.

Compression Materials

Used between the glass and extruded aluminum and wood-framed windows. Made of non-hardening materials such as vinyl, rubber.

Gaskets

Used between two large glass panels, as used in glass curtain walls where wind velocities are normally higher than the glass can withstand without this protection.

Stabilizers and Metal Joining Units

The panes or sheets of glass or other transparent material made to be set in frames, as in windows, doors, or mirrors.

Glazing

The installation of two parallel panes of glass with a sealed air space between to reduce the transmission of heat and sound.

Double Glazing

The setting of a glass pane in a rabbeted frame, holding it in place with glazier’s points, and sealing it with a beveled bead of putty or glazing compound.

Face Glazing

The putty or glazing compound formed on the exterior side of a glass pane.

Face Putty

A thin layer of putty or glazing compound laid in the rabbet of a window sash to give a pane of glass an even backing.

Bedding

A small, pointed piece of metal for holding a glass pane in a wood sash until the face putty has hardened; also called glazing brad or sprig.

Glazier’s Point

The setting of glass in a window frame with glazing tape or a liquid sealant.

Wet Glazing

A preformed ribbon of synthetic rubber such as butyl or polyisobutylene, having adhesive properties used in glazing to form a watertight seal between glass and frame.

Glazing Tape

An adhesive liquid of synthetic rubber injected into the joint between a glass pane or unit and a window frame, forming a watertight seal upon curing; also called cap bead.

Cap Sealant

The wood molding or metal section secured against the edge of a glass pane or unit to hold it in place; also called glazing stop.

Glazing Bead

An adhesive liquid of synthetic rubber injected between a glass pane or unit and a glazing bead that forms an airtight seal upon curing.

Heel Bead

Made of lead or synthetic rubber placed under the lower edge of a glass pane or unit to support it within the frame.

Setting Blocks

The setting of a glass pane in a window frame with a compression gasket instead of glazing tape or liquid sealant.

Dry Glazing

A pre-formed strip of synthetic rubber or plastic compressed between a glass pane or unit and a window frame to form a watertight seal and cushion for the glass pane.

Compression Gasket

A preformed gasket of synthetic rubber for securing a glass pane or unit in a window frame or opening, held in compression by forcing a keyed locking strip into a groove in the gasket.

Lockstrip Gasket

A glazing system in which the framing members are set entirely behind the glass panes or units to form a flush exterior surface, the glass adhering to the framing with a structural silicone sealant

Flush Glazing

A high-strength silicone capable of adhering glass to a supporting frame.

Structural sealant

Pre-formed synthetic rubber or other elastomeric materials to secure a glass pane or unit in a window frame or opening.

Structural Gasket Glazing

In glazing systems, glass units should be allowed to float in their opening and be cushioned with resilient glazing material. However, the perimeter frame must support the glass against wind pressure or suction and be strong enough that structural movements and thermal stresses are not transferred to the glass.

Tolerances for Glass Glazing

Refers to the size of a glass pane or unit required for glazing an opening while allowing for adequate edge clearances.

Glass size

The sum of one length and one width of a rectangular glass pane or unit, measured in inches.

United inches

Made of synthetic rubber and placed between the side edges of a glass pane or unit and a frame to center it, maintain uniform sealant width, and limit lateral movement caused by building vibrations or thermal expansion/contraction. Also called centering shim or spacer

Edge block

Made of lead or synthetic rubber and placed under the lower edge of a glass pane or unit to support it within the frame; two per panel at quarter points.

Setting block

The distance between the face of a glass pane or unit and the nearest face of its frame or stop, measured normal to the plane of the glass.

Face Clearance

The amount of overlap between the edge of a glass pane or unit and a window frame, stop, or lock-strip gasket.

Bite

The distance between the edge of a glass pane or unit and a window frame, measured in the plane of the glass.

Edge Clearance

is a correlated compendium of framing sections, fixed and operable sash, wall panels, glass, fasteners, gaskets, and sealants. An exterior wall supported wholly by the structural frame of a building and carrying no loads other than its own weight and wind loads.

Curtainwall system

A glazing system in which the glass panes or units are supported at the head and sill in a conventional manner, with their vertical edges being joined with a structural silicone sealant without mullions.

Butt-Joint Glazing

A glazing system in which sheets of tempered glass are suspended from special clamps, stabilized by perpendicular stiffeners of tempered glass, and joined by a structural silicone sealant and sometimes by metal patch plates.

Glass Mullion System

A curtain wall system consisting of pre-assembled, framed wall units which may be pre-glazed or glazed after installation.

Unit System

A curtain wall system consisting of preformed metal cut stone, precast concrete, or panelized brick wall units which may be pre-glazed or glazed after installation.

Panel System

Any of various metal devices used in curtain wall construction to secure a frame or panel to the building structure, usually allowing for adjustment in three dimensions

Anchor

A curtain wall system in which one or two-story high mullions are installed before pre-assembled wall units are lowered into place behind the mullions. The framed wall units may be pre-glazed or glazed after installation.

Unit and Mullion System

A curtain wall system in which vision glass assemblies and spandrel units are supported by spandrel beams between exterior columns clad with cover sections.

Column Cover and Spandrel System

Building laws Part 1

Mari Alberca · 100問 · 1年前

Building laws Part 1