Structural Conceptualization Part 1

通報

問題一覧

The study of objects at rest or in motion that are sujected to forces

Mechanics

The study of objects subjected to forces that remain in static equilibrium

Statics

What are the primary concen of architecture

Dynamics, Statics

Ideally structurally symmetrical, less reentrant angles, near the center of gravity

Building configurations

Best geometry shape for building configurations which all points equidistant from center of gravity

Circle

The study of the internal effects or external forces

Strength of Materials

Dependent on the sectional properties of its rigid components

Section active

Material naturally deflects and becomes stable upon loading

Form active

Transfer load via a series of interlinked components and depended upon geometry and orientation of its components

Vector active

Composed of rigid surfaces; similar to form-active applied loads are redirected by the shape of the structure

Surface active

Example of Section active

Steel & Column frames

Example of Form active

Tensile fabric & Arches

Example of Vector active

Geodesic domes & Trusses

Example of Surface active

Concrete shells

What is the concept of nature of force with sub-type of 2D or Coplaner and 3D or Spatial

Force system

What is the concept of nature of force with sub-type of axial load and lateral Ioad

Application of faces

What is the concept of nature of force with sub-type of translational equilibrium and rational equilibrium

Static Equilibrium

Forces that occur on 2 axes. Can be concurrent, non -concurrent & non - parallel

2d or coplanar

Forces that occur on 3 axes. Can be concurrent, non -concurrent & non - parallel

3d or Spatial

load that is applied parallel to the length of the member/object

axial load

Load that is applied perpendicular or transverse to the length of the member/object. It induces shea, bending, and/or torsion.

Lateral load

Total torque or moment acting on then object must be equal to zero

Ratiotional Equilibrium

Vector sum of the extrnal forces must be equal to zero

Translational Equilibrium

Types of supports for coplanar systems

Simple, Roller, Pin, Fixed

Name the type of supports for coplanar system

Simple

Name the type of supports for coplanar system

Roller

Name the type of supports for coplanar system

Fixed

Types of loads:

Concentrated/Point load, Uniformly distributed load, Uniformly varying load

Name the type of loads

Concentrated/point load

Name the type of loads

Uniformly distributed load

name the type of loads

Uniform vanying load

Weight of the structure itself

Dead or static load

Loads in motion on transient (e.g. people, furniture, wind)

Live or dynamic load

Slender member assumed to be connected by "frictionless pins" at its joints, where loads are assumed to be placed

Truss

Members are allowed to rotate in relation to one another

Truss

Name the truss

King post truss

Name the truss

Fink truss

Name the truss

Howe truss

Name the truss

Pratt truss

Name the trust

Warren truss

Name the truss

K-truss

Name the truss

Scissor truss

Name the truss

Bowstrings truss

The ability of a material to hold itself together despite being subjected to forces

Srength

The intensity or magnitude of force carried (stress), and elasticity without permanent deformation (strain)

Strength

How much atoms and molecules are being pushed/pulled apart in rigid objects

Stress

Use to predict when a material will break

Stess

Measures the amount of deformation compared to the original shape of the object or material

Strain

Used to predict allowable deformation or tolerance

Strain

Describes a material's stiffnes; value is constant for each material. Stress over strain

Modules of elasticity

What do you call the point on a stress-strain curve where stress is still proportional to strain according to Hooke’s Law

Proportional limit

What do you call the point on a stress-strain curve beyond which a material undergoes permanent deformation?

Elastic limit

What do you call the point on a stress-strain curve where plastic deformation begins to occur?

Yield point

What is the maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking, and what happens in ductile materials like steel?

Ultimate Strength

What is the stress at which a material fails via fracture, and how does it differ between ductile and brittle materials?

Fracture Point

What are the horizontal structural members assigned to resist lateral loads, and how do they balance internal and external forces?

Beams

Beams undergo simultaneous compression and tension

Internal forces

What type of beam has supports located at the ends of its span?

Simple Span Beam

What type of beam has overhanging ends from its supports?

Cantilever beam

What type of beam is supported only from one end by a rigid connection?

Cantilever beam

What is the allowable deflections of beams for non-structural,not likely to be damaged by large deflection

L/240

What is the allowable deflections of beams for non-structural

L/360

What is the allowable deflections of beams for flat roofs

L/180

What is the allowable deflections of beams for roof or floor construction

L/480

What type of beam carries the roof load between trusses or rafters?

Purlin

What type of beam is usually sloping and carries the load from purlins?

Rafter

What type of beam carries masonry across openings, such as doors and windows?

Lintel

What term is used for the area between columns that supports the floor and curtain walls?

Spandrel

What type of large beam carries floor beams?

Girder

What is closely spaced beams supports the floor or ceiling?

Joist

What carries the flooring of a bridge, such as stairs?

Stringer

What is the lowermost beam of a building, typically located at ground level, in buildings without a basement?

Grade Beam

What is a circular beam that transmits power to machinery and also carries torsion in addition to shear and flexure?

Shaft

A thick column subject to failure by crushing rather than by buckling failure occurs when the direct stress from an action load exceeds the comprehensive strength of the material available in the cross section. An eccentric load, however can produce bending and results in an even stress distribution in the section

Short column

A column having a mode of failure between the short column and long column of them partly in elastic by crushing and partly elastic by buckling

Intermediate column

Slender column subject to failure by buckling rather than by crushing

Long column

What term is used to describe the amount of force applied to a structure or material?

Magnitude

Refers to the orientation of its path or line of action. it is usually described by the angle that the line of action makes with some reference

Direction

Refers to the manner in which it acts along its line of action

Sense

What term describes forces that act in a single plane of a vertical wall?

Coplanar

What term describes forces that all have the same direction?

Collinear

What term describes forces that have their lines of action intersecting at a common point?

Concurrent

What term describes the product of force and distance about any point, often referred to as the center of moment?

Moment

What is the term for the distance from the center of moment to the force, specifically the shortest or perpendicular distance from the center of moment to the line of action?

Moment Arm

What term describes loads that act at a single point or location on a structure?

Concentrated loads

What term describes a series of concentrated loads that are uniformly spaced along a structure?

Uniform Loads

What term describes a force that pulls away from the joint?

Tension

What term describes a force that pushes towards the joint?

Compression

What is an internal force type for connections in structural elements?

Shear

What is ATSM

American Society for Testing and Materials

What is ACI

American Concrete Institute

What is AISC

American Institute for Steel Construction

A graphic representation of the relationship between the unit stress values and the corresponding unit training for the pacific material

Stress Strain Diagram

What is the maximum stress at which a material still returns to its original length when the load is released, while maintaining a linear relationship between stress and strain?

Proportional Limit

What is the maximum stress below which a material does not return to its original length but incurs permanent deformation, called permanent set?

Elastic limit

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