Tropical design

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What is the primary characteristic of a tropical climate

Hot and humid with seasonal rainfall

What does the Greek word "tropikos," from which "tropical" is derived, mean

Turn

Which of the following factors does NOT significantly affect climate

Type of soil

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Climate encompasses long-term atmospheric trends, while weather refers to short-term conditions.

Which latitudinal circles are classified under the tropics

Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

Which of the following best defines a tropical cyclone

A storm system with strong winds and heavy rainfall, formed over warm ocean waters

What is the effect of higher altitude on temperature

Temperature decreases with altitude

How does ground surface affect wind speed

Wind speed is lower in built-up areas by 25%

What climatic factor determines the amount of solar radiation an area receives

Latitude

What is the primary function of vegetation in influencing climate

It alters wind speed and direction

refers to the original climate of a board area which can include an area on the scale of tens 200s of kilometers such (as a country)

macroclimate

refers to the climatic condition of the specific localization area usually measured in terms of tense of yards, sometimes hundreds of yards

mesoclimate

refers to areas a small as few square feet for (example a garden bed) or a large as many square miles

microclimate

the urinal temperature variation sometimes reverses direction of prevailing wind

time of day

the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature which could alter win direction by diverting or blocking the wind

topography

high heat capacity will not absorb quickly but will retain it longer than similar area of land mass. temperature changes over water tend to be moderate producing different pressure system that generates daily alternating land and sea breezes

water

What characteristic separates tropical cyclones from other cyclonic systems

The presence of a "warm core" at any height in the atmosphere

Which term is used to refer to a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean

Typhoon

Hurricanes are tropical cyclones that occur in which region

Eastern North Pacific

What is the defining factor for classifying a storm as a "Typhoon" instead of a "Hurricane

Its location in the Pacific basin

What is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by precipitation changes

Monsoon

Which monsoon is also known as the "Summer Monsoon" in the Philippines

Habagat

Which monsoon brings cooler and drier air from December to February

Amihan

Which of the following best describes the three seasonal schemes in the Philippines

Wet, Dry, and Cyclonic

What is the primary source of daylight when the sun is above the horizon

Solar Radiation

Which atmospheric factor determines wind and weather patterns

Pressure

What is the force per unit area exerted on the earth’s surface by the weight of the air above it

Atmospheric or Air Pressure

Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure

Barometer

What term refers to the maximum and minimum temperature variations over annual, monthly, and daily periods

Air Temperature

What is the temperature measurement that indicates ambient air temperature using a thermometer not affected by moisture

Dry-bulb Temperature (Tdb)

What is the temperature at which water vapor starts to condense out of the air, indicating full saturation

Dew Point (Tdp)

What does "Absolute Humidity" measure

The amount of moisture present in the air (g/m³)

How is "Relative Humidity" (RH) calculated

(Actual amount of moisture present ÷ Saturation Point) × 100

What type of temperature measurement reflects the physical properties of a system with a gas and vapor mixture, such as air and water vapor?

Wet-bulb Temperature (Twb)

What is the weight of unit vapor per unit weight of air (g/kg) called

Specific Humidity

What does Vapor Pressure measure

The partial pressure of water vapor present in air

What is the variation in temperature from the highs of the day to the cool of the nights called

Diurnal Temperature

What is the fictitious outdoor air temperature that simulates the actual heat transfer through walls or roofs in the absence of radiative exchanges

Sol-Air Temperature (Tsol)

What is the total monthly rainfall or maximum rainfall in a 24-hour period called

Precipitation

What instrument is used to measure wind speed

Anemometer

What is the movement of air from high-pressure to low-pressure areas called

wind

Which form of precipitation occurs when rain freezes before reaching the ground

sleet

An architect is designing a high-rise building in a region known for strong winds. Which of the following aspects of weather data would be MOST critical for the structural design of the building?

Wind direction, frequency, and force throughout the year

The deflection of a projectile launched due north from the equator is primarily influenced by which of the following phenomena

The Coriolis effect

During the preliminary design phase of a building project, an architect needs to assess the potential impact of weather conditions on the building's envelope. Which of the following weather elements is directly relevant to this assessment

Wind direction, frequency, and force throughout the year, Sky cloud cover

a key characteristic differentiating tropical climate from temperature climate is

small diurnal temperature change range (2- 5°C)

when designing for tropical climate in the Philippines, which wind pattern should be considered for the months of June to September

Habagat (SW)

when designing for tropical climate in the Philippines, which wind pattern should be considered for the months of May to October

Amihan (NE)

which of the following a significant design consideration for tropical architecture

considering the design within the context of tropical countries and their habitat

a design aiming to mitigate high relative humidity in a tropical building which likely prioritize

incorporating effective moisture control measures

which of the following design strategies would be most suitable for the average wind speed of 2m/s

incorporating passive design strategies to mitigate the effects of slow wind flow

which of the following building materials would be LEAST suitable for a roof in a topical climate with high rainfall and intense sun

Thatch

In designing for natural ventilation in a tropical building, which factor is LEAST important to consider

The Coriolis effect

To minimize solar heat gain in a tropical building, which design strategy would be MOST effective

Employing overhangs and brise-soleil to shade windows.

Considering the high relative humidity in tropical climates, what material characteristic is crucial for wall construction to prevent mold and mildew growth

Moisture resistance

The average mean temperature (Tdb) in tropical regions typically ranges from:

20°C to 30°C

Relative humidity levels in tropical regions typically range from

50% to 100%

Which of the following best describes the typical sky conditions in tropical regions

overcast sky most of the time

The significant amount of reflected heat and solar gain in tropical areas is primarily due to

The overcast sky

in tropical regions, annual precipitation average approximately

1000 mm/yr

Damp ground condition in tropical climate contribute to

increase insects and termite population

a primary design objective for tropical architecture is to

minimize heat gain and maximize ventilation

to accommodate high precipitation tropical design should prioritize

good draining system to handle high rainfall

high pitch roofs in tropical design are advantageous because

they allow rain to run off quickly and hot air to escape

protectable door and windows are design element that helps to

raise air flow and allow for open air living

"sun path" in architectural design refers to

the annual path of the sun across the sky, considering seasonal and early changes

a "Sun Path Diagram" is a

graphic depiction of the sun's path projected onto horizontal plane

the summer solstice occurs when

the earth's axis is most inclined towards the sun in a given hemisphere

which of the following is NOT a typical design consideration for tropical architecture

use of high performance insulation materials

Solar azimuth on January 1st at 10:00 AM

110°

Referencing a sun path diagram, what is the approximate solar altitude at 3:00 pm on June 21st

65°

Using the provided sun path diagram, find the solar azimuth angle at noon on March 20th.

180°

What is the axial tilt of the Earth during the Winter Solstice

23° 26'

What happens during an Equinox

The Earth's axis is neither tilted toward nor away from the Sun

The term "Equinox" is derived from the Latin words aequus and nox, which mean

Equal and night

What is the significance of the Equinox in terms of day and night duration

Day and night have approximately equal length

What is the correct definition of Azimuth in the context of celestial measurements

The angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system

What does Altitude measure in astronomy

The angular elevation of a celestial body above the horizon.

What does Altitude measure in astronomy

The angular elevation of a celestial body above the horizo

Which of the following statements about heat is true

Heat travels from a hot region towards a cooler one

What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer in conduction

Heat transfer through physical contact between molecules.

Which of the following is NOT a mode of heat transfer?

Reflection

How does convection transfer heat?

By movement of fluid or gas due to temperature differences

What type of heat transfer occurs when the sun’s energy reaches the Earth through space?

Radiation

Which of the following methods helps minimize heat gain in buildings

Increasing wall thickness

What is the primary function of insulation in a building

To minimize heat gain and heat loss

Which of the following is an example of passive cooling

Cross-ventilation design

In tropical design, what is the purpose of a double façade

To improve thermal insulation and shading

What is a key feature of passive design

It minimizes energy consumption using natural strategies.

Which of the following is NOT an example of passive lighting

LED bulbs

What is the primary purpose of sun shading devices

To reduce solar heat gain

How does a biowall help in green architecture

It acts as a heat insulator and improves air quality

What is the function of evaporative cooling in passive design

It uses water to cool air through evaporation

What is the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) used for

To measure how well a surface reflects solar radiation and stays cool

Which material would be most effective in reducing solar heat gain through glazing

Tinted or low-emissivity (low-E) glass

What is the primary function of a light shelf in passive lighting design

To reflect and distribute natural light deeper into the space

What is the main benefit of a roof garden in tropical design

It reduces the building’s overall temperature and improves insulation

Which of the following is an advantage of using clerestory windows in passive lighting design

They allow natural light to enter while maintaining privacy.

What is the primary goal of passive heating in green architecture

To use the sun’s energy to maintain indoor thermal comfort without mechanical systems

100

Which of the following materials is most effective for reducing heat absorption in exterior walls

High solar reflectance paint

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