Architectural Design & Site Planning Part 2

99問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Which city was the first chartered city in the Philippines, incorporated on July 31, 1903, by virtue of Act No. 183, encompassing Intramuros and the towns of Binondo, Tondo, Sta. Cruz, Malate, Ermita, Paco, and Pandacan, with a population of 190,000 at the time?

Manila

Which district in Manila is known as the Ilustrado territory, an enclave of the rich and powerful, and a manifestation of folk religiosity?

Quiapo

Which coastal district, adjacent to Manila Bay, is historically known for its working-class heritage and rich revolutionary past?

Tondo

Which trading district in Manila was historically developed by Chinese and Arab merchants?

Binondo

Which main commercial town district in Manila was historically known for its vibrant mix of shops, movie houses, and restaurants?

Sta Cruz

Which commercial district in Manila was established by the Spanish and featured streets organized by specialized trades and industries?

San Nicolas

Which district in Manila, known as the first "University Town," is home to both Our Lady of Loreto Church and Saint Anthony of Padua Church?

Sampaloc

Which district in Manila was historically known for having rest houses built for the Spanish government?

San Miguel (Malacañang)

Which district in Manila was once considered the "early summer resort" for wealthy and cultured Filipinos before developing into a vibrant residential and commercial area?

Malate

Which district in Manila was historically known as the early tourist belt and red-light district?

Emita

Which town in Manila was the first to be built around a train station?

Paco

Which town in Manila was developed by the Americans for oil depots?

Pandacan

Which 15,000-hectare area was once projected to be the capital of the Philippines, where the three main seats of government would be housed?

Quezon City

Which government agency was responsible for developing mass housing projects (such as Project 4 and Project 6) based on the Neighborhood Unit urban design principle by Clarence Perry and Stein?

Philippines Homesite and Housing Corporation

Which was the first subdivision in Quezon City along Highway 54 (now EDSA) that became an icon of middle-class suburbanization?

Philam Life Homes

Which traditional Central Business District (CBD) in the Philippines serves as a center of business and commerce, has a dense population nucleus, and houses the national government?

Manila CBD

Which business, financial, commercial, convention, and recreational center of the metropolitan region was developed by the Ayala conglomerate in 1948?

Makati CBD

Which business, financial, convention, and recreational district was developed by the Ortigas conglomerate in the 1950s, with its present configuration fully developed only in the late 1980s, covering an area of 600 hectares?

Ortigas CBD

Which 37-hectare property, developed in the 1960s by the Araneta family as an alternative business center on the eastern side of the metropolis, now reflects more of a bazaar economy but is undergoing redevelopment into a modern commercial and recreational center?

Cubao CBD

Which 500-hectare former military base is being developed into a city envisioned as the first intelligent and ecological city in the Philippines, strategically located between Makati CBD and Ortigas CBD?

Fort Bonifacio Global City

Which mixed-use development, envisioned to revitalize the City of Manila, was planned under the auspices of the Philippine Estates Authority on a 1,167-hectare reclaimed area along Manila Bay, aiming to restore Manila as a center of commerce and tourism?

Boulevard 2000

Which business district, located in the southern margin of Metro Manila, is a joint venture between the government and the private sector, envisioned as a major center surrounded by residential areas with high accessibility to nearby industrial estates and technological parks?

Filinvest Corporate City

Which urban design concept suggests that an individual operating within a city must develop an overall image of its formation, consisting of five key elements: paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks, that together create a comprehensive mental map of the city?

Kevin Lynch's Image of the City

In Kevin Lynch’s Image of the City, which urban design element refers to the channels along which the observer moves, serving as predominant elements in a person’s mental map, and are best defined by continuity, direction, and alignment within a larger system?

Paths

In Kevin Lynch’s Image of the City, which urban design element refers to linear features that serve as lateral references rather than movement channels, acting as barriers or seams that can either organize or disrupt the city's form?

Edges

In Kevin Lynch’s Image of the City, which urban design element refers to medium to large sections of a city that an observer can mentally enter, identified by a common character based on factors such as activity, building types, inhabitants, and physical features?

Districts

In Kevin Lynch’s Image of the City, which urban design element refers to strategic points or spots that serve as intensive focal areas, often functioning as junctions, intersections, or thematic concentrations within a city?

Nodes

In Kevin Lynch’s Image of the City, which urban design element refers to point references external to the observer, often unique or special in their location, and sometimes used as sequential markers for navigation?

Landmarks

Which concept refers to urban and architectural spaces designed to enhance quality of life by providing maximum choice and engagement, ensuring that spaces are functional, adaptable, and meaningful to their users?

Responsive Environment

Who developed the concept of Responsive Environments, which outlines key principles for designing urban and architectural spaces that enhance quality of life by providing users with maximum choice and engagement?

Ian Bentley

Which key element of Responsive Environments refers to the ease with which people can navigate and move through a space, emphasizing clear pathways, interconnectedness, and minimal barriers to promote accessibility?

Permeability

Which key element of Responsive Environments refers to offering users a choice of experiences through varied forms, uses, and meanings, depending on factors such as range of activities, availability of options, and design that encourages positive interactions?

Variety

Which key element of Responsive Environments refers to a space that is easy to understand and navigate, achieved through clear signage, design elements, and a logical layout, with two important levels: physical form and activity patterns?

Legibility

Which key element of Responsive Environments refers to spaces that can be used for many different purposes, with a distinction between large-scale and small-scale adaptability?

Robustness

The design of small-scale robustness in a Responsive Environment depends on which extra factors?

Active and passive spaces & Hard and soft spaces

Which key element of Responsive Environments refers to the stage where major design decisions have already been made, shifting the focus to details, external image, and the finer aspects of a place’s design?

Visual appropriateness

Which key element of Responsive Environments refers to the stage where decisions about appearances have already been discussed, but there is still room for detailed design adjustments, particularly in developing a sensory-rich experience?

Richness

Which key element of Responsive Environments allows people to shape their environment according to their own tastes and values, encouraging user participation and customization?

Personalization

Personalization is affected by 3 key factors

Tenure, Building type, Technology

Personalization comes in two level:

Private, Public

Components of the urban fabric:

The urban patterns

Which physical factor can significantly influence the urban pattern’s circulation system, building form and texture, utility systems, and the size and shape of developments?

Topography

Which concept emphasizes the importance of landscaping, bodies of water, and natural features, and their integration with the urban fabric as a key aspect of city planning?

Relationship with Nature

Which urban layout is defined by a large central core with corridors of intense development radiating outward, forming a circular pattern?

Radiocentric

Which urban form is typically found in small cities, characterized by two corridors of intense development crossing at the center?

Rectilinear

Which urban form is characterized by a central core with multiple radial corridors of development, and open spaces between these corridors, creating a star-shaped layout?

Star

Which urban form is characterized by a central core with multiple radial corridors of development, and open spaces between these corridors, creating a star-shaped layout

Branch

Which urban form is characterized by a vast, uniform urban area with little or no articulation, often resembling a continuous sheet of development

Sheet

Which is characterized by a sheet-like layout that is accented by one or more central clusters and several subclusters, providing clear articulation in the development?

Articulated sheets

Which urban form is characterized by a city built around a large open space with development occurring in concentric rings around the central area

Ring

What is usually the result of natural topography that restricts growth, but may also develop along a transportation spine?

Linear

What term refers to a series of nearly equal-sized cities located close to one another, often functioning together as a network?

Constellation

What term refers to smaller cities or towns that are located around and depend on a main central city?

Satellite

Name the Urban Pattern:

Radiocentric

Name the Urban Pattern:

Rectilinear

Name the urban pattern

Star

Name the Urban Pattern:

Branch

Name the Urban Pattern:

Sheet

Name the Urban Pattern:

Articulated sheet

Name the Urban Pattern:

Ring

Name the Urban Pattern:

Linear

Name the Urban Pattern:

Constellation

Name the Urban Pattern:

Satellite

What term refers to the size of an area measured in kilometers across, from center to outskirts, or in square kilometers?

Physical Extent

What formula relates the number of inhabitants to the physical size of an area and can be computed in several ways?

Density Formulas

What element, often serving as an approach to and through the city, plays a key role in shaping how users perceive the urban fabric?

Routes

What term refers to the degree of fineness or coarseness in the layout and structure of an urban area?

Urban Grain

What term describes the degree of mixture between fine and coarse elements in an urban area?

Texture

Ethnic backgrounds, social classes, or dominant sex influence the unique architecture, special activities, and overall formation of the physical environment in a locality?

Inhabitants

One of the primary considerations in understanding the circulation patterns of a city involves breaking it into two types of what pedestrian and vehicular?

Movement

What urban theory, attributed to the research work of geographer E.W. Burgess and his students at the University of Chicago in the early 1900s, explains the spatial organization of cities in a series of expanding rings?

Concentric Zone Theory

Which urban theory is derived from a Central Business District at the center, around which all other land uses are arranged in expanding rings?

Concentric Zone Theory

Which urban land use model, formulated by economist Homer Hoyt in 1939, suggests that city growth radiates out from the CBD in specific directions, often following transportation routes or geographic features?

Sector Model

Which urban model, developed by geographers Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman, proposes that cities develop around multiple centers or nodes rather than a single core, recognizing that different activities have varying accessibility needs?

Multiple Nuclei Model

Which urban model, developed by sociologist James Vance, suggests that modern cities consist of several self-sufficient suburban realms, each with its own downtown, reflecting the combined influence of earlier models and the rise of automobile-driven urban form — as best exemplified by Metropolitan Los Angeles, USA?

Urban Realms

What is defined as the legal regulation of land use, employed by governments to protect and guide development by ensuring that only compatible land uses are located near each other?

Zoning

Defined as "an application of the police power of the protection of the public health,welfare and safety"

Zoning

What is the term for the proportion between the total built area of a building and the lot area it sits on — also known as the "plot ratio" — used to control building height, bulk, setbacks, and open space to create a consistent urban form?

Floor Area Ratio

What index, similar to Floor Area Ratio, is determined by dividing the total floor space of a building by the area of the site—excluding any adjoining roads—and is used to control building bulk, height, and density in urban planning?

Floor Space Index (FSI)

What planning tool is frequently used in smaller-scale developments like residential villages, tourist zones, planned unit developments, and historical districts to guide the character, form, and appearance of the built environment?

Urban Design Guidelines

What set of guidelines aims to ensure a relatively uniform urban character in areas where different sections may be designed by separate architects and planners?

Urban Design Guidelines

What planning tool is also formulated to enhance safety and security, prevent overly contrasting structures from being built side by side, establish open spaces, and preserve the overall character or atmosphere of an area?

Urban Design Guidelines

What are some aspects that urban design guidelines typically include regulations on?

Building heights, building bulk, setbacks, architectural character, size of roads, sidewalks and etc

What urban planning practice involves allocating types of land uses in particular sections of a city based on growth trends and demand, while also being influenced by historical, cultural, and technological traditions that lead to diverse urban forms?

Land Use Planning

What are the basic land use categories commonly used in urban planning?

Residential, commercial, industrial, office and institutional, agricultural and open space

What term, often used interchangeably with "reservation," has a more positive connotation and refers to the adaptation of parts of a building or landscape while retaining the essential spirit of the original?

Conservation

What is the term for an area containing a group of buildings of special architectural or historical significance that a local authority may designate, allowing development but requiring careful consideration of design and materials?

Conservation area

What general term describes the conscious effort to revitalize deteriorated or outdated areas of towns and cities, encompassing both redevelopment and rehabilitation efforts?

Urban Renewal

What term refers to the conversion of buildings into different uses without significantly altering their structure, commonly seen in old warehouse districts being transformed into residential spaces?

Adaptive Reuse

What term is used to describe the process of repairing, redecorating, and sometimes converting structurally sound properties to meet modern standards of comfort and health, and is often used interchangeably with renovation?

Rehabilitation

What term refers to a mid-size development designed for self-sustainability, often located in newly developing areas with mixed land uses, sometimes called cluster zoning, where ordinary zoning regulations may be suspended?

Planned Unit Development

What is the term for a mixed-use community officially defined by an average distance of about 670 meters from a transit stop and commercial core, designed to include residential, retail, office, open space, and public uses in a walkable environment that supports travel by transit, bicycle, or car?

Transits Oriented Development

What urban planning concept, which can be developed throughout a metropolitan region, was strongly advocated by Peter Calthorpe and members of the Congress for New Urbanism as a model for sustainable, mixed-use, walkable communities centered around transit access?

Transit Oriented Development evelopment

What type of development is located directly along the trunk lines of a transit network—such as light rail, heavy rail, or express bus stops and is planned with high commercial intensity, job clusters, and moderate to high residential densities?

Urban Transit Oriented Developments

What type of development may vary in character and land use mix based on location, market demand, and surrounding areas, but should maintain high intensity along transit trunk lines to justify infrastructure investment and generate the highest number of transit-bound trips?

Urban Transit Oriented Developments

What type of development is located along local or feeder bus lines within 10 minutes (or about 3 miles) from a trunk line transit stop, and emphasizes moderate-density residential, local retail, civic, and recreational uses with a community-oriented shopping focus?

Neighborhood Transit Oriented Developments

What concept refers to the strategic placement of transit-oriented developments to maximize access to core commercial areas without over-reliance on arterials, ensuring major retail centers are spaced at least one mile apart and serve distinct neighborhoods?

Distribution Of Transit Oriented Developments

What principle involves locating transit-oriented developments on fixed rail transit systems in a way that ensures efficient station spacing, access to shopping opportunities, and walkability to public facilities without crossing major arterial roads?

Distribution Of Transit Oriented Developments

What urban planning concept emphasizes that for an individual to effectively navigate and operate within a city, they must form an overall image of the city—developed through an understanding of five key elements: paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks?

Image of the City by Kevin Lynch

Building laws Part 1

Mari Alberca · 100問 · 1年前

Building laws Part 1