HOA - Ancient Greek

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問題一覧

Architectural character of Aegean architecture

Rough and Massive

What are the two parts of a capital in Greek Architecture?

Square Abacus above, Circular Bulbous Echinus below

Which type of ancient construction used large stones, no mortar, and only clay bedding, often seen in Mycenaean architecture?

Cyclopean wall

Which type of wall construction used an advanced technique during the Hellenic period, featuring irregular-shaped stones fitted without pith or tar?

Polygonal wall

In ancient Greek architecture, dowels were typically used in what type of wall construction to securely connect stone blocks, especially in Greek and Roman buildings

Rectangular wall

What is the name of the single-storey house in ancient Aegean architecture characterized by deep plan, columns for support, a central doorway, and a layout that leads into an apartment or main hall?

Megaron

Which period of ancient Greek architecture is known for being mostly religious, focusing on the construction of temples and sanctuaries dedicated to the gods?

Hellenic architecture

Which is NOT a architectural character of Greek architecture

simplicity, massiveness and monumental

What is the construction system used in Greek architecture, where vertical supports (columns) hold up horizontal elements (lintels or beams)?

Columnar and Trabaeted

What do you call a rectangular chamber typically cut into a mountainside or cliff in Greek architecture, often used for tombs or sanctuaries?

Rock-cut

What is the term for a subterranean vaulted structure with a circular shape, commonly used as a tomb in Mycenaean architecture?

Tholos

What best describes the architectural character of the Hellenic period, known for its emphasis on form and harmony?

Simple, balance, symmetrical and rectangular

What material was used in the construction of the first columns and entablature in Greek architecture, often with decorative elements?

Timber with terracotta decoration

Which is NOT the material used in hellenic period

Metal

What is the term for the space between the naos wall and the column in Greek temple architecture?

Peroma

What is the term for an opening between the roof and the upper wall, often used to allow light into a building?

Clerestory

What is the term for an opening made of thin translucent marble, often used to allow natural light into a building?

Skylight

What is the term for an opening located on the east side of a building, often seen in ancient temples?

Temple door

What is the architectural device that uses light and shade to create definition and emphasis on a building's surface?

Moldings

A projecting molding consists especially of a cavetto above and an ovolo below

Cyma recta

A projecting molding consist essentially of an ovolo above and cavetto below

Cyma reversa

What is the orientation of Hellenistic period

Entire group of buildings laid out symmetrically in orderly endorse oriented toward is east

What is the term for a sacred enclosure built on the highest part of a settlement, often within or near the acropolis, and used for worship and rituals?

Temenos

What is considered the supreme example of a temenos—a sacred enclosure used for worship—in ancient Greek architecture?

The Acropolis of Athens

What was the mineral of greatest importance to Greek architecture, widely used due to its abundant supply in Greece and its territories?

Mable

What is the name of the imposing entrance to the Acropolis, designed by the architect Mnesicles and serving as a grand gateway to the sacred complex?

Propylea

The convex or projecting moulding, resembling the shell of sea-urchin, which supports the abacus of the Greek doric

Echinus

What is the name of the building in ancient Greek architecture that was designed to contain a gallery of painted pictures?

Pinacotheca

Which structure spanned roughly 122 meters each way, covering about 4 acres, and featured a paved market court, along with an area for public display and sports, including broad shallow steps?

Palace of King Minos Knosses

Which structure is a hill-top citadel surrounded by defensive walls up to 7.3 meters thick, and in some places up to 17.3 meters where storage chambers are embedded? The masonry is of the Cyclopean type.

The Palace,Tiryns

Which ancient structure measures 14.6 meters in diameter and 13.6 meters high on the inside, composed of 34 rings of masonry and capped by a single stone, forming a pointed dome?

Treasury or Atreus, Mycenae

Which monumental gateway features great upright stone jambs supporting an immense lintel that spans 3.2 meters, with a triangular relieving opening above, filled with a stone relief of two rampant lions facing a central column?

Lion Gate, Mycenea

What is the term for the portion of a pedestal between its base and cornice, and also used to describe the lower portions of walls when decorated separately?

Dado

What are the sunk panels, also known as caissons or lacunaria, formed in the ceilings, vaults, or domes of buildings?

Coffers

What is the term for a swelling or curving outwards along the outline of a column shaft, designed to counteract the optical illusion that makes a straight shaft appear to curve inwards?

Entasis

3 column in Greek order of Architecture

Doric, lonic, Corinthian

what are the 5 orders of architecture

Doric, lonic, Corinthian, Tuscan, Composite

used chiefly in South Italy and Sicily

Donic

This period provided much of the decorative inspiratical of some Roman building type

Hellenistic Period

A recess or alcove with raised seat where the disputation of the learned took place

Exedrae or exedra

a style of architecture in Greek in which the beam forms the constructive feature

Trabeated

the truncated wedge sharped blocks forming an arch

voussoir

this were the chief class of building in the Hellenic period. They were built w/ special regard to outward effect, since they were not inteded for internal worship and the alter stood opposite the eart front.

Temples

The steps forming the base of a columned Greek temples

Chepidoma

Containing the statue of the god or goddess, was the kernel of the plan, and there was sometimes a treasury chamber, as well as front and rear porticoes, respectively known as the pronaos and opisthodomus (epinaos) colonnades wholly surrounded all but the smallest building

Naos

a triangular piece of wall above the entablature enclosed by raking cornices

pediment

ornamental blocks fixed vertically regular internals almy the lower edge of a roof, to cover the ends o tiles

antelixae

One column

henostyle

two columns

distyle

three column

tristyle

four columns

tetrastyle

five columns

pentastyle

six columns

hexastyle

seven columns

heptastyle

eight columns

octastyle

nine columns

euneastyle

ten columns

decastyle

dodecastyle

twelve column

temple have from one to four columns between antae at the front. Two is the usual number

la antis

temples have from one two two columns between antae and front and rear. Two is the usual number.

Amphi-antis

temples have a portico of columns at the front and rear.

amphi-prostyle

temples have a single line of columns surrounding the naos

peripteral

temples that flank columns attached to the naos wall

pseudo-peripteral

temples have a double line of column surrounding the naos

dipteral

temples are like the last but inner rage of columns is omitted on the flanks of the naos

pseudo-dipteral

projecting inclined blocks in the doric cornices, derived from the ends a wooden beams

mutules

in classic architecture, a triangular piece of all above the entabulated enclosed by raking cornices

pediment

blocks resting on the vertex of the lower extremities of the pettiment to support stutuary or ornaments

acroterion

a triangular surface bounded by the sloping and horizontal cornices of a pedimentof a pediment

tympanum

the crowning of a proportion of the entablature, also used for any crowning projection

cornice

the middle division of the classic entablature

capital

the beam or lowest division of the entablature, which extends from column to column also molded frame around a door and window

architrave

the crowning feature of a column or pilasture

capital

the portion of a column between base and capital

shaft

the step for me to paste of a column greek temple (3 steps)

crepidoma

the upper step forming a platform on which a colonnade is placed

stylobate

blocks with vertical channels which form a distinguishing features in the friene of the doric and entablature

triglyph

the space between doric tiglyphs, sometimes left open in ancient example

metope

sculptured female figures bearing baskets on their heads

canephora

being a long shallow room, crossing the house from side to side to side and partly open on the south towards the court, whilst serving too for access to the main inner rooms to the North

pastas

sculptured female figure used as columns or supports

caryatid

the most famous of all tombs and one of the seven wonders of the world, was evented to King Mausolos by his widow

Mausoleum, Halicarnassos

taken from a tomb chamber, of the ornamental treatment given to a stone coffin hewn out of one block of marble and with sculputres of a late period

sarcophagus Cnidos

a continuous pedestal; also the enclosing platform of the area of an amphitheatre

podium

typifies lonian sculptural luxuriance and the use in Greek Asia minor of a temple from of tomb, elevated one high podium. The entablature lacks a true are other bas-relief frieze on the podium. Between the columns stood nereich on marines nymphs

Nereid Monument

was the foot racecourse in cities where games were celebrated, and had a length of about 183 m (600 ft).

stadium

council house was a covered meeting place for the democratically- elected council.

bouleuterion

served as senate house for the chief dignitaries of the city and as a place where distinguished visitor and atizens might be entertained

prytaneion

a long colonnaded building, served many purposes. Stoas were used around public places and as shelters at religious shrines

stoa

town square, was the centre of social and business life, around or near which were stoas or colonnaded porticoes, temples, administrative, and public public building, market, place of entertaiment, monuments & shrines

agora

built in front of the skene to accomodate changes in dramatic resentation, and with the advent

Prosceniun

greek word for stage

Skene

Greek word for auditorium

Cavea

an open-air structure, was geneally hollowed out if the slope of a hillside, in or near a city, and received definitive architectural from only in the 4th century B.C.

Theaters

deep vertical face of the upper portion of the cornice, was frequently painted with a Greek 'feet' ornament

corona

moulding occurs frequently in the Doric order and gives a deep shadow

bird's beak

is really a magnified bead moulding which, when enriched is carved with the guilloche or plait or nament, on with bunches of leaves hel bands

torus

is a deep hollow which occurs is bases, and is generally not encucted

scotia

is a simple hollow

cavetto

100

much the same as the fillet, but approaches a circle in section. It is sometimes carve with the "bead and reel"

astragal

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Architectural Design & Site Planning Part 7

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