Building Materials - Sitework

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AASHTO

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ANSI

American Nurserymen's Specifications Institute

ASTM

American Society of Testing Materials

DPWH

Department of Public Works and Highway

USCS

Unified Soil Classification System

What system is used to classify inorganic soils for suitability as subgrade materials based on drainage and bearing capacity?

AASHTO Soil Classification System

According to the AASHTO Soil Classification System, what is the size classification for particles larger than 75 mm?

Boulders

According to the AASHTO Soil Classification System, what is the size range for gravel particles?

75 mm to No. 10 sieve (2.00mm)

According to the AASHTO Soil Classification System, what is the classification for particles that pass through a No. 10 sieve but are retained on a No. 40 sieve?

Coarse sand

According to the AASHTO Soil Classification System, how are particles that pass through a No. 40 sieve but are retained on a No. 200 sieve classified?

Fine sand

According to the AASHTO Soil Classification System, which particle size classification completely passes through a No. 200 sieve?

Silt-clay particles

Atterberg limits tests are performed on soils that:

Pass the No. 40 sieve

The liquid limit (LL) is defined as:

The moisture content at which a soil changes from liquid to plastic state

In the liquid limit test, the soil is placed in a shallow dish and a groove is made. The liquid limit is reached when?

The groove closes after 25 drops

The plastic limit (PL) is the water content at which?

a silt or clay materials crumbles when rolled into a thread

How is the Plasticity Index (PI) calculated?

LL - PL

What does the Plasticity Index (PI) represent?

The range of water content over which the sediment behaves plastically

Under the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), how are soil, crushed stone, and sand used to raise an existing grade or as a man-made fill generally classified?

Fill Materials

Which soil classification describes gravel, where more than 50% is retained on a No. 200 sieve and more than 50% of the remaining material is further retained on a No. 40 sieve?

GW, GM, GP

What is the soil classification for sands where more than 50% is retained on the No. 200 sieve and 50% or more passes the No. 40 sieve?

Sand (SW, SP, SM, or SC) under the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)

What type of soil material, with a sand equivalent of not less than 50%, is used to prevent the movement of fine particles out of the soil, conforming to ASTM C 33, size 67?

Granular Fill or Filters

What is the term for selected laboratory-approved pit-run gravel, disintegrated granite, sand, shale, cinders, or other similar materials with not more than 30% passing the No. 200 sieve?

Borrow Fill

What is the term for hard, durable fragments of stone and fillers of sand or other finely divided mineral matter, free from vegetable matter and lumps of clay, complying with AASHTO Methods T-11 & T-26?

Base Course Materials

What is the percentage range of material passing the No. 4 sieve in Type B base course?

20%-45%

Based on percent weight passing type B base course, What sieve size shows 100% of the material passing through the sieve designation US standard sieve.

1-1/2"

What is the percentage range of material passing the No. 200 sieve in type B base course?

5%-12%

Which materials specified for use as riprap?

Ecombro-Bulik

A constructed layer or facing of stone, place to prevent erosion, scour or sloughing of a structure or embankment:

Riprap (Rock Lining)

Also is frequently defined as a large stone

Riprap

Riprap is defined as

Special class of very large aggregate

What is the typical size range of riprap in diameter

50 mm (2 inches) to 1148 mm (42 inches)

Gabions are primary used for:

Erosion control and channel stabilization

Key advantage of using gabions is

The ability to use molar rocks for the same level of erosion protection

Gabions are described as

wire-enclosed riprap

Gabion system are particularly advantageous in which type of area

Areas in accessible to trucks are large construction equipment

What is a significant advantage of using wire basket in gabion construction

The allow for steeper vertical channel linings

Cabian baskets or mattresses can be constructed from

Commercially available wire units, wire fencing material, or No.19 or No.12 galvanized wire

Construction materials consisting of synthetic components made for use with or within earth materials generally are refers to as:

Geosynthetics

Are the most common geosynthetics and consist of a woven or non-woven fabric made from polymeric materials such as polyester or polypropylene generally used for reinforcement, separation, filtration, and in-plain drainage

Geotextiles

When the geotextile is placed between these similar materials to prevent migration of one of the materials into the another

Seperation

When the geotextile fabric lens its strength to low load-bearing soil to increase the overall design strength and decrease the amount of sub-base and base course materials

Reinforcement

When the geotextile is used to prevent the movement of fine particles from soil through which seepage occur

Filtration

Subsurface filtration is primary used in which of the following applications

sub-surface drainage, such as filters around underdrains and edge drains or under paving

Geotextile used for erosion control are primary employed to

protect cut slopes or drainage features

When geotextiles are used in conjunction with a stone lining or riprap, their function is primarily

Secondary Separation

In plain drainage systems utilize geotextile with which characteristics

Sufficient in-plain flow capacity

Geoembranes are best described as:

Continuous polymeric sheets that are impermeable

Which of the following materials are the most frequently used in the manufacture of geomembranes for ground applications?

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Which of the following consists of a combination of geosynthetic components and is used as a sheet drain or edge drain with a prefabricated core?

Geocomposites

What geosynthetic material features a core that provides void space for water flow in-plane, while a geotextile filter prevents soil from filling the voids?

Geocomposite Drain

Which type of geosynthetic material consists of a continuous extrusion of polymeric ribs that form void spaces for in-plane flow capacity and is available with or without bonded geotextile filters, sometimes referred to as composite drainage nets?

Geonet

Which three-dimensional prefabricated polymeric system ranges from 100 to 200 mm (4 to 8 inches) in height?

Geocells

Which of the following erosion control materials can be used for both temporary and permanent erosion control?

Geotextiles and Erosion Control Blankets (ECBs)

Temporary slope erosion protection materials often consist of which of the following?

Open mesh polymeric systems, biodegradable mesh systems (e.g., coir, jute), or a combination of both

What is the primary function of an open mesh system used in slope erosion protection?

To act as a semi-permanent mulch, anchoring seed and soil particles

What is the primary purpose of physical barriers in termite proofing?

To prevent termites from accessing a structure by creating an impenetrable barrier

What is the primary purpose of physical barriers in termite proofing?

To prevent termites from accessing a structure by creating an impenetrable barrier

The consistency of sand after moist resistance is designed to:

Prevent it from being used as a tunnel by termites

Which mesh product is fine enough to prevent even tiny termites from passing through it?

Steel mesh

What is a common benefit of constructing homes on high concrete pillars in termite-prone areas?

Prevents termites from easily accessing the structure from the ground

Which construction method physically separates a home from the distance termites can travel from their colony?

Building the home on high concrete pillars

What is the main objective of using chemical barriers in termite control?

Establish a continuous termiticidal barrier between potential soil access routes and the structure

preconstruction chemical barriers are typically applied to

the soil and foundation during construction

When creating vertical chemical barriers, how much termiticidal solution is applied for three linear meters

4 gallons

If the area to be treated is deeper than 300 mm (1 ft), what adjustment should be made to the termiticidal application?

Each 300 mm of depth should receive an additional 4 gallons (16 liters) per 3 linear meters

In the creation of horizontal chemical barriers, how much termiticidal solution is applied per 3 square meters?

4 gallons (16 liters)

The application method for creating horizontal chemical barriers is typically described as:

Low-pressure coarse spray

When applying horizontal chemical barriers in basements and crawl spaces, the typical procedure involves:

Applying termiticidal solution to the soil using a low-pressure coarse spray before construction

What is the primary objective of a termite colony elimination (bait) system?

Eliminate the entire termite colony, including the queen

The colony elimination (bait) system uses which slow-acting insect growth regulator (IGR)?

Hexaflumuron

A "choker" coarse in road construction is best described as:

A thin layer of fine aggregate placed over the base course to create a smoother surface

What is the primary purpose of a "choker" course in road construction?

Provide a stabilized foundation for of fine-grained aggregate for pavement construction

Hot Mix Asphalt (or Asphaltic Concrete) is best described as:

A dark brown to black cementitious material composed of bitumens and upgraded aggregates

The process of applying Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) involves:

Placing, shaping, and compacting while hot over a prepared based

Cold Mix Asphalt differs from Hot Mix Asphalt primarily in that it:

Uses unheated aggregates and bitumen emulsions or cutbacks

Compared to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), Cold Mix Asphalt (CMA) typically results in a surface that is:

Less firm and durable

Asphaltic macadam, a paving material for roads and other surfaces, is created through which process?

Laying coarse aggregates and binding them with bitumen through penetration

An asphalt overlay is best defined as:

One or more layers of asphalts mixture placed on existing pavement to level the surface and correct its contour

According to ASSHTO, boulders has particle size of:

Above 75mm

According to ASSHTO, gravel has particle size of:

75mm to No. 10 sieve

According to ASSHTO, Coarse sand has particle size of:

No. 10 to No. 40 sieve

According to ASSHTO, Fine sand has particle size of:

No. 40 to No. 200 sieve

According to ASSHTO, slit-clay has particle size of:

passing through No. 200 seive

What material is used in slab construction, where concrete slabs are poured over or with the mesh, and can also be used to wrap pipes and other access areas?

Welded Wire Mesh (WWM)

What is the layer of sand used as a physical termite barrier, designed to prevent termites from moving through or tunneling?

Termite Resistant Sand

Which termite protection method is more uniform and effective than a chemical barrier, does not require reapplication, is environmentally friendly, and helps reduce toxic chemicals in urban environments?

Sand barrier

What is the primary purpose of slope-erosion protection materials?

To prevent soil erosion on slopes.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of temporary erosion protection materials:

Gravel and crushed stone

What is the primary purpose of designing homes on high concrete pillars in high-risk termite environments

To physically isolate the home from termites

What is the termite control method that involves treating the soil before or after pouring the concrete slab to create a chemical barrier?

Slab Treatment

What type of pavement consists of concrete, brick, or stone unit pavers laid on a sand setting bed, which is resilient and distributes loads to the sub-grade in a radiating manner?

Flexible Pavements

What type of pavement is made of reinforced concrete slabs or paving units mortared over a concrete slab?

Rigid Pavement

Which type of pavement requires reinforcements and extension of the base materials along the edges?

Rigid Pavement

What type of pavement is made of unit pavers with spacing in between to accommodate grass or ground covers over a topsoil mix?

Turf Pavement

What term refers to a range of similar materials and techniques for permeable pavement, designed to allow the movement of stormwater through the surface?

Permeable Pavement

What type of pavement material comes in various shapes and patterns, allows for different colors, creates a durable surface, absorbs heat and movement, and can withstand flexing under pressure rather than cracking?

Pavers / Paving unit

What type of paving material can be used for driveways, patios, sidewalks, porch floors, and garden paths, but requires a properly prepared gravel and sand bed for stability?

Pavers

What is the filter layer of finer material laid over a coarse road base to provide a stable foundation of fine aggregate for pavement construction?

Choker Aggregate

Who pioneered the Macadam road construction method in 1820?

John Loudon McAdam

100

What is the name of the road construction method developed by John Loudon McAdam, which uses layers of compacted broken stone for durability and drainage?

Macadam Road

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