American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

American Nurserymen's Specifications Institute

American Society of Testing Materials

Department of Public Works and Highway

Unified Soil Classification System

AASHTO Soil Classification System

Boulders

75 mm to No. 10 sieve (2.00mm)

Coarse sand

Fine sand

Silt-clay particles

Pass the No. 40 sieve

The moisture content at which a soil changes from liquid to plastic state

The groove closes after 25 drops

a silt or clay materials crumbles when rolled into a thread

LL - PL

The range of water content over which the sediment behaves plastically

Fill Materials

GW, GM, GP

Sand (SW, SP, SM, or SC) under the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)

Granular Fill or Filters

Borrow Fill

Base Course Materials

20%-45%

1-1/2"

5%-12%

Ecombro-Bulik

Riprap (Rock Lining)

Riprap

Special class of very large aggregate

50 mm (2 inches) to 1148 mm (42 inches)

Erosion control and channel stabilization

The ability to use molar rocks for the same level of erosion protection

wire-enclosed riprap

Areas in accessible to trucks are large construction equipment

The allow for steeper vertical channel linings

Commercially available wire units, wire fencing material, or No.19 or No.12 galvanized wire

Geosynthetics

Geotextiles

Seperation

Reinforcement

Filtration

sub-surface drainage, such as filters around underdrains and edge drains or under paving

protect cut slopes or drainage features

Secondary Separation

Sufficient in-plain flow capacity

Continuous polymeric sheets that are impermeable

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Geocomposites

Geocomposite Drain

Geonet

Geocells

Geotextiles and Erosion Control Blankets (ECBs)

Open mesh polymeric systems, biodegradable mesh systems (e.g., coir, jute), or a combination of both

To act as a semi-permanent mulch, anchoring seed and soil particles

To prevent termites from accessing a structure by creating an impenetrable barrier

To prevent termites from accessing a structure by creating an impenetrable barrier

Prevent it from being used as a tunnel by termites

Steel mesh

Prevents termites from easily accessing the structure from the ground

Building the home on high concrete pillars

Establish a continuous termiticidal barrier between potential soil access routes and the structure

the soil and foundation during construction

4 gallons

Each 300 mm of depth should receive an additional 4 gallons (16 liters) per 3 linear meters

4 gallons (16 liters)

Low-pressure coarse spray

Applying termiticidal solution to the soil using a low-pressure coarse spray before construction

Eliminate the entire termite colony, including the queen

Hexaflumuron

A thin layer of fine aggregate placed over the base course to create a smoother surface

Provide a stabilized foundation for of fine-grained aggregate for pavement construction

A dark brown to black cementitious material composed of bitumens and upgraded aggregates

Placing, shaping, and compacting while hot over a prepared based

Uses unheated aggregates and bitumen emulsions or cutbacks

Less firm and durable

Laying coarse aggregates and binding them with bitumen through penetration

One or more layers of asphalts mixture placed on existing pavement to level the surface and correct its contour

Above 75mm

75mm to No. 10 sieve

No. 10 to No. 40 sieve

No. 40 to No. 200 sieve

passing through No. 200 seive

Welded Wire Mesh (WWM)

Termite Resistant Sand

Sand barrier

To prevent soil erosion on slopes.

Gravel and crushed stone

To physically isolate the home from termites

Slab Treatment

Flexible Pavements

Rigid Pavement

Rigid Pavement

Turf Pavement

Permeable Pavement

Pavers / Paving unit

Pavers