HOA - Roman

178問 • 1年前

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a vertical support generally consisting of a based circular shaft and spreading capital.

column

Climate in Roman architecture _______________ climate in the north _______________ in central ltaly Almost _______________ in south

Temperate, Sunny, tropical

Materials used in Etruscan Architecture

tufa, peperino, travertine, lava stone, sand, gravel

the new order of Architecture introduce in Etruscan Architecture

Tuscan

dwelling were of sun-dried brick, covered with terra cotta tilled wooden roofs.

atrium

the earliest civilization, the great builders Radiating Arch" Inventors of concerte & Tuscan Capital

Etruscans

both ordinary burial, and cremation were practiced in Etruria. The receptacles grew increasingly large, until in the 4th century B.C

Etruscan Sarcoplagi

Rome-constructed as an open drain for the valleys between the hills of Rome

cloaca maxima

Perugia - built of large blocks of travertine stones, without 'mortar'

Arch of Augustus

the plan has three cells for three deities and a front portico with two rows of 4 columns, widely spaced and approached by walled - in steps

Temple a Juno Sospita

is one of the most remarkable burial sites. The tombs are laid out systemetically along paved streets, like a town for the living

Necropolis Cerveteri

Order of architectue introduce in Roman architecture

Composite Order

combines the prominent volutes of the ionic with the acanthus a the Corinthian on it's capital and is thus the most decorative the shaft may be fluted or plain

Composite

rectangular blocks of stone with ar without mortar Joints but frequently secured with dowels or cramps, still continued in used stones 2x 2x 4 Roman feet in dimensions

opus quadratum

stones become quite small, and on the wall faces appeared in a loose pattern roughly resembling the polygonal work

opus incertum

the time of Augustus it had assumed the net-like effect, with fine joints running diagonally, so that each store unit was precisely square though set Lozenge fashion

opus recticulatum

brick facing superceded the reticulate work became the hall-mark of the imperial period in Italy

opus testaceum

final type-an alternation of course of brickwork and small squared store blocks

opus mixtum

a composite material which consist essentially of binding medium within which are embeded particles or fragments a aggregate

concrete

an arch covering in stone ar brick over any building

vault

a semi- circle o waggon-headed vault otherwise known as the barrel or tunnel vault was borne throughout its length on the two parallel walls of rectangular apartment

Roman waggon vault

are line of intersection of cross vault

groins

formed by the intersection of two semi-circular vaults of equal span, was used over a square apartment and the pressure was taken by the four angles

cross vault

or cupolas were used over circular structures, and semi-domens or execdrea or semicircular recesses

hemispherical domes

a mass of masonary built against a wall to resist to pressure of an arch or vault

buttress

best of all buttresses for retaining earth. This type was used on an enormous scale in the farrow of Trajan, on the north east side, where the henry circle cuts into the foot of the quirinal gallaries of shops and officers in the 3 tiers conceal its utilitarian purpose

hemicycle or niche

the niche type was not very suitable for buildings where large openings for windows and doors where large openings of windows and doors were needed. Though repair can be seen flanking the portal between the central hall and the frigidarium of the Thermae g Diocletian-so for confidence in the normal building, it was squared-off into spur buttresses and linking wall in which windows could be placed.

Gothic type of spur

illustrate the typical domus or family mansion. it comprises two portion the atrium or forepart: which served for a formal occasions as well as normal uses; and a rear or peristyle portion which was the more intimate, private part

the House of Pansa, Pompeii

name the Roman wall

opus mix tum

consisted of bonds of tufa introduced at intervals in the ordinary brick facing or alteration of rectangular blocks with small squared stone blocks

opus mixtum

Roman apartment building with three to four storage tenament type building prototype of the modern condominium

insulae

a part of domus that recesses for conversation

alae

a part of domus that is reception room

oecus

a part of domus that is a bedroom

cubicula

a part of domus that is an inner colonated court with garden

peristyle

a part of domus that is an open living room

tablinum

a part of domus Roman entrance court, open to the sky & at the center is a "Impluvium" a water cistern collector

atrium

a part of domus Roman entrance passage

prothyrum

name the vaults

pointed, semicircular, segmental, catenary, groined

name the arches

pointed, semicircular, segmental, bucket, corbelled

forms part of a magnificent aqueduct, 40 km (25 miles) long, constructed to bring water to Nimes from the neighborhood of Uzes. it is 268.83 m long and form three tears of arches crossing the valley 47.24 m above the river gard. in two lower tiers the arch above the river is a widest and the others vary in with while the uppermost tier there are 35 arches of 4.27 m spons supporting the specus or water channel

the Pont du Gard, Nimes

a Roman apartment block

insula

a Roman private house dwelling

domus

types of Roman temples

rectangular temples, circular temples

a Roman country house dwelling

villa

used for water supply with smooth channels or "specus" lined with heart cement and carried on arches, in several tiers

aqueducts

Roman bridge a simple solid and practical construction design to resist the rush of water

pons

a Roman private path and Hadrian's villa

balneum

built in honor the Constantine's victory over Maxentius, is alpine proportion with eight monolithic detached corinthians columns supporting an entablature return back to the wall, and on the attic storey, a quadriga. much of the decorative sculpture was brought from earlier monuments all the time of Trajan and represents incidents of his reign

The arch of Constantine, Rome (AD 312)

the triangular space enclosed by the carved of an arch, a vertical lines from its sprining a horizontal line through its apex

spandel

four horses chariot,sculptured form, often surmountain a monument

quadiga

a central stone of a semicircular arch sometimes sculptured

keystone

archway is ornamented with deeply recessed coffers, and a relief in the center represents the apotheosis of Titus on one side of the opening is a carved relief of the emperor in a Triumphal car, and on the other is a representation of the spoils taken from the temple of Jerusalem

soffit

with a single opening commemorates the capture of Jerusalem. on each main phase attached columns flanks to opening and at the outer angles, it is are the earliest known example of the fully developed Roman composite order

The Arch of Titus, Rome

Commemorated Victories in war

triumphal arches

recesses four corpses were sealed with a front slab inscribed with the name.

loculi

often beautifully carved with figures and festoons are sir mounted by leads like roofs terminating in scrolls, we're also placed in the vaults. later just bolts were called catacombs

sarcophagi

most typical Roman class, descended from the Etruscan Tumuli, with their embracing ring of stone or rock. they consider to large cylindrical blocks, often on a quadrangular podium,top with a conical crown of earth of stone

monumental tombs

it has resemblance to pigeon-holes, where niche formed in the rock to receive a base containing the ashes of the disease with the name inscribed thereon

columbaria

subterranean vaults contain the boat baria and loculi.

coemeteria

what are the five classes of burial place of Roman

ceometria, monumental tombs, pyramidal tombs, temple-shaped tombs, sculptured memorials

it all span or hollow metal structure rising vertically to support sales and awnings

mast

a great awning drown over Roman theater is an amphitheaters to protect spectators against the sun

velarium

for horse and chariot racing from hippodrome

circus

avast ellipse 189 x 156.5 m with 80 external arcaded openings on each storey. those on the ground floor forming entrances from which the various tiers all seats were reached. the arena proper is an oval 87.47 m x 5 4.86 m surrounded by a wall 4.57 m high

The Colosseum Rome

elliptical, with its rising tiers of seats, maybe regarded as a compound of two theaters, stage to stage,.does making a continuous auditorium round a central arena. in addition to their normal purposes, they were also used as naval exhibition and water pipes for flooding some of the arenas still exist.

elliptical amphitheaters

characteristically roman buildings found in every important settlements and are good exponent of the character of life of the romans, who preferred display of mortal kombats, consider to be good training for nation or warrior to mimicry of stage. Gladiatorial combats has your own origin in funeral religious rites connected with human sacrifices to the names of the dead

amphitheaters

Greek type adapted to a suit Roman drama hallowed out of hillside or built up by concrete wall to supporting tiers of seats

Roman theaters

dry sweating room with apodyteria or dressing room and unctuaria or for oils of thermal

Leconicum (Sudatorium)

containing an unheated swimming bath of thermae

Frigidarium

warm room of thermae

Tepidarium

a raised platform

dais

central aisle as opposed to the side aisles of the church

nave

the circular or multangular termination of a church sanctuary

apse

Palatial public bath of Imperial Rome, portray even in the ruin, the manners and customs of the pleasure-loving populace, and i ask characteristic of Roman civilization as are the amphitheaters. design for luxurious bathing,but we're resorted to for news and gossip, and surf like a modern club as rendezvous of social life besides being used for lectures and athletics sports, and indeed inter largely into the daily life of Imperial city

Thermae

in the Forum Romanum, what's the most sacred shrine in the Imperial city, and we're here under the custody of the vestal virgins and the sacred fire was kept slightly which signify the home hearth as the center and source of Roman life and power

Temple of Vista, Rome

are analgamination of Etruscan and Greek types; the Typical prostyle portico and podium were derived from Etruscan Temples. the most characteristic is pseudo-peripteral, which instead of the colonnades, has half columns attached to the walls with a prostyle portico in front. the steps to the principal entrance for flanked by massive,low walls which were an extension to lateral podium,and they were frequently supported groups of sanctuary

Roman Temples

Examples of Forums

Forum Romanum, Imperial Forums, Forums of Trajan

Large roof hall erected for transacting, commercial exchange or hall of justice usual: length twice the width

Basilicas

corresponds to agora in Greek architecture- central open space used as meeting place, market, venue for political demonstrations

Forums

name the Roman wall

opus quasi-reticulatum

name the Roman wall

opus reticulatum

name the Roman wall

opus quadratum

name the Roman wall

opus incertum

arranged in geometrical patterns of different varieties and were used in the manner too for floors

opus sectile

a ceiling with deeply recessed panels of 10 highly ornamented

coffering

concrete volts often were lightened by recesses on the underside, but concrete does not led itself to carved enrichment, like stone work, annuals and votes normally received a decorative sheathing of plaster, Stucco, marble or mosaic.

coffers

it is placed on the top of sput buttresses to help by their weight to drive the oblique thrust more steeply down to earth

pinnacle

A cicular temple, crowning achievement of Roman architecture. Best preserved ancient Roman Building built by emperor Hadrian (A.D 117-138) . Commissioned by Marcus Agrippa. Architect Apollodrus of Damascus

Pantheon

a turret or part of a building elevated above the main building

pinnacle

Arched, curved pattern angled blocks of brick or stone placed on the impost

voussoirs

Two supports of Arch

Piers

Platform on top of the piers supporting the arch

Impost

Central block of the arch

keystone

Water, lime and a special volcanic ash sand are mixed together

Pozzolana

Hemispherical domes

cupolas/ cupa

Large, circular or oval open-air venues with raised seating, for gladiator combats, chariot racing, venationes (animal slayings) and exections

Amphitheater

Greatest work of architectural engineering. Started by emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty (72 AD). Finished by his son Titus (80 AD). With 50,000 spectators

Roman Colosseum / Amphitheature Flavium

For Charlot- racing stadium, mass entertainment venue

Circus

100

First and largest stadium in Ancient Rome. 621m (2,037 ft) in length, 118m (387 ft) in width. Can accommodate about 150,000 spectators.

Circus Maximus

Building laws Part 1

Mari Alberca · 100問 · 1年前

Building laws Part 1