HOA - Byzantine

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Architectural character of byzantine architecture

mostly church construction disregarded early Christian style for a new dominical byzantine style

Three types of domes used in byzantine architecture

simple, compound, special design

Term originally applied to painting on wall while the platters wet but often used for any wall painting not only in oil colors

fresco

Term applied to the triangular curve over hanging surface by means of which a circular dome is supported over a square or polygonal compartment

pendentive

Pendentives and dooms are part of same sphere

simple

The dome is not part of the same sphere as the pendently upon them. this dome is rised on a high drum pierced with windows

compound

Three types of special design

melon dome, serrated, onion or bulbous sharp

A temporary structure found which the materials of a vault or arch are supported in position until the work becomes self supporting

centering

Examples of Byzantine churches

St. Sophia, Constantinople, St. Mark, Venice, Gracanica Church, St. Sofia, Novgorod

A screen in greek orthodox church on which icons (secret image) are placed, separating the chancel from the space openly to the laity

iconostasis

The part of a Greek house or a Byzantine church preserve for women

gymnaceum

A public open space or squares arounded by buildings

piazza

Basilican type churches flat reserve thoughts across the church mass contribution of nave and aisles

Cathedrals

Central projecting porch on facade, often two storey with columns and crouching beast roughly car with grotesque figure of men and bees

Wheel window

Product of romanesque period, straight tower shafts, generally standing alone as civic monuments are symbols of power rather than integral parts of a church

campaniles

Large separate building usually octagonal in plan, use three times a year easter, pentacles and epiphany

baptistries

Forms a one most famous building groups in the world campanile and Campo Santo

Pisa Cathedral

Is a combination of Roman and Byzantine architecture but basically roman in style. the major division of architecture development were ltalian, French and German

Romanesque architecture

It means descendant from roman

romanesque

A french archaeologist who applied the term romanesque

Charles de Gerville

What are the material used during romanesque architecture

stone, brick marble, terra-cotta

In northern potion with dull climate the design of a window to admit sufficient light

large window

northern portion without climate the design of the roof to throw a rain and snow

high pitch roof

In a southern portion with sunny climate to minimize sunlight and use arcades of sun shading

small windows

It is a resulted into erection of church

Christianity

(black monks) - founded by saint Benedict in south Italy

Benedictine Order

Founded by Abbot odo in 910 at Cluny in Burgundy

Cluniac Order

Founded by Saint Bruno in 1086 notably reserve and undorned

Carthusian Order

(white morks) - founded in 1908 at Citeaux by St. Stephen Harding and at Clairvaux by St. Bernard

Cistercian Order

Serving principally Cathedral and Collegiate churches "Orders of Canons Regulars"

Secular Canons

(Black Canons Regular) - establish in 1050

Augustinian Canon

(White Canons Regular) - founded around 1,100 by Saint n Norbert at Premontre in Ricardy

Premonstratensian Canons

An exclusively English order founded in the 12th century by Saint Gilbert of Sempringham

Gilbertine Canons

Founded in the 1119 to protect the whole places in the Palestine and to safeguard the pilgrim routes of Jerusalem

The Knights Templar

To separate and protect them from the present was made with man-made channels known as "moth"

castle

Founded during the 13th century and headed by the Franciscans and Dominicans

The Mendicant Orders of Friars

What is a key feature of Byzantine architecture?

Greek-cross plan church

What shape does the central mass of a Byzantine church typically have?

Square

How many arms of equal length does a Greek-cross plan church have?

Four

What material is commonly used for columns in Byzantine architecture?

Marble

What type of flooring is characteristic of Byzantine churches?

Inlaid-stone pavements

What is a notable feature of Byzantine architecture?

Soaring spaces

What type of decoration is commonly found on the vaults in Byzantine architecture?

Mosaics

What is a characteristic element of ceilings in Byzantine buildings?

Gold coffered ceilings

In which city was Hagia Sophia built?

Constantinople

Who was the emperor during the construction of Hagia Sophia?

Emperor Justinian

Who were the architects of Hagia Sophia?

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus

What is the significance of Hagia Sophia?

It is a historical architectural marvel

What type of building layout does Hagia Sophia have?

Longitudinal basilica and a centralized building

Which two structures are used to support the main dome in Hagia Sophia?

Pendentives and semi-domes

What architectural feature supports the dome of Hagia Sophia?

Great marble piers

What is a notable feature of the base of the dome in Hagia Sophia?

Pierced by windows

Who converted Hagia Sophia into a mosque?

The Ottoman Turks

What year did Constantine move the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium?

330 AD

What is the modern name of Byzantium?

Istanbul

Which seas surround the region of Byzantine architecture?

Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea

What type of domes were developed in Byzantine architecture?

Pendentive domes

What was the primary religion transition in the Byzantine period?

Christianity to Islam

What is the shape of the central mass in a Greek-cross-plan church?

Square

What is the most distinctive feature of a Greek-cross-plan church?

Domed roof

What architectural element allows a dome to rest above a square base?

Squinch

Which architectural feature is essential for the stability of the dome in a Greek-cross-plan church?

Squinch

What is the purpose of a pendentive in Byzantine architecture?

To support a dome over a square space

What is the relationship between the square base and the dome in Byzantine architectural style?

The dome rests above the square base

What is the entrance porch of a Byzantine church called?

Narthex

What is the term for the area under the center of the dome from which the Scriptures were proclaimed?

Ambo

What is located beneath the ambo at floor level in a Byzantine church?

Choir

What is the screen bearing images in a Byzantine church called?

Iconostasis

What is the crossing of the church plan referred to as?

Bema or transept

What is the canopy protecting the altar in a Byzantine church called?

Ciborum

What is located at the apse and often contains the patriarch's or bishop's throne?

Apse

What are the rows of seats located at the apse called?

Synthronon

What are the two smaller compartments and apses at the sides of the bema called?

Diaconicon and prosthesis

Name the structure:

Hagia Sofia

What connects the ambo and bema, and is a raised walkway enclosed by a railing or low wall?

Solea

What architectural feature is characteristic of Byzantine churches?

Byzantine capitals

Name the structure:

St. Mark's Basilica

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